A case of bilateral spontaneous pneumothorax in a patient with covid-19 pneumonia

One of the rare complications of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), which can present with different clinical pictures, is pneumothorax. In our case, a patient who did not have predisposing risk factors for pneumothorax such as a history of trauma, smoking, past intubations, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and who developed bilateral spontaneous pneumothorax while under treatment with the diagnosis of COVID-19 is presented. Acute worsening in COVID-19 patients may be due to primary disease or pulmonary embolism. With this case, we emphasize the importance of considering spontaneous pneumothorax in patients with acute clinical deterioration

Investigation of the Mechanical, Electronic and Phonon Properties of X2ScAl (X = Ir, Os, and Pt) Heusler Compounds

In the present study, the second-order elastic constants and the electronic band structures of the X2ScAl (x = Ir, Os, and Pt) compounds crystallized in the L21 phase were calculated separately by using the ab-initio density functional theory. According to the results for the second-order elastic constants, these compounds met the Born mechanical stability criteria. Also, according to the Pugh criteria, they were found to have a ductile structure and to show anisotropic behavior. The microhardneses of the compounds were between 2 and 14 GPa, and the highest hardness was found in the Ir2ScAl (14.290 GPa) compound. In addition, the energy band structures of these compounds were calculated, and the crystals were found to have a metallic bond structure. All the computed data were compared with previously calculated results obtained with different methods. According to the findings obtained in the present study, in terms of its mechanical and electronic behaviors, Ir2ScAl was found to have better physical properties than Os2ScAl and Pt2ScAl. The phonon dispersion curves and their corresponding total and projected densities of states were investigated for the first time by using a linear-response approach in the context of density functional perturbation theory. The frequencies of the optical phonon modes of all compounds at the Γ point were 4.767, 7.504 and 9.271 THz for Ir2ScAl, 2.761, 7.985 and 9.184 THz for Os2ScAl and 2.012, 5.6952 and 8.118 THz for Pt2ScAl. The heat capacity Cv at constant volume versus temperature was calculated using a quasi-harmonic approach and the results are discussed. © 2020, The Korean Physical Society

Use of Flexible Bronchoscopy in Foreign Body Aspiration

Objective:Foreign body aspiration remains a serious health problem with a potential for severe consequences, and acute and chronic problems in children. It therefore demands immediate intervention. Rigid bronchoscopy has long been the method of choice for foreign body removal but is now being replaced by flexible bronchoscopy which offers reduced trauma and the ability to access distal bronchial regions. In the presented study we assessed the patients who underwent flexible bronchoscopy for foreign body removal in our clinic.Methods:We reviewed the records of 20 patients who underwent flexible bronchoscopy due to suspected foreign body aspiration and had a foreign body removed in our clinic. Patients were analyzed in terms of sociodemographic data, foreign bodies removed, method of foreign body removal, foreign body location and time to diagnosis.Results:Our study group included nine females and 11 males. The removed foreign body was organic in 19 of the 20 patients and inorganic in one patient. Hard organic food, such as hazelnuts, peanuts, seeds, almonds, and raw corn kernel were identified in 12 patients, a piece of fishbone in one patient and a piece of gelatin in another. The pieces of soft organic food identified were apple in one patient, egg in one patient, and boiled corn kernel in one patient and removed by suction. The foreign body was removed using forceps in nine patients, and a basket was used successfully in seven patients.Conclusion:Foreign bodies can be removed with minimal complication using flexible bronchoscopy, basket, and forceps in children

ACUTE MITRAL INSUFFIENCY DUE TO BLUNT CHEST TRAUMA

Künt toraks travmasına bağlı olarak gelişen kardiak yaralanmalar sonucu nadir olarak valvüler lezyonlar ortaya çıkabilmektedir. Acil serviste araç içi trafik kazası nedeniyle değerlendirilen 20 yaşındaki erkek olgunun fizik muayenesinde mitral odakta üfürüm, akciğer kontüzyonu ve şüpheli kot fraktürü saptandı. Daha önceden kardiyak rahatsızlığı ve efor kapasitesinde kısıtlılığı olmadığını ifade eden olguya elektif şartlarda ekokardiyografi (EKO) yapıldı ve posterior leaflet flail görünümde, posterior leafleti tutan kordal yapılarda rüptür ve mitral yetmezlik jetinin tüm sol atriumu doldurmakta olduğu tesbit edilerek ağır mitral yetmezliği (MY) tanısı kondu. Genel durumu iyi olan ve kardiyak yetmezlik bulguları olmayan olgunun medikal tedavisi düzenlenerek servis izlemine alındı. Elektif şartlarda operasyon önerildi. Künt toraks travması ile acil serviste değerlendirilen hastaların kardiyak travmaya açık hastalar olduğu unutulmamalı, dikkatli ve tam fizik muayene yapılmalıdır. Valvuler lesions may be observed due to cardiac injuries after blunt thoracic traumas. A 20 year -old male patient admitted to the emergency department after a car accident. His physical examination reveled a pansystolic murmur at mitral area by auscultation. On his chest X-ray examination, it was found out that pulmonary contusion and a suspected rib fracture were present. This patient didn't declare any prior cardiac illness and exertional dsypnea. Echocardiographic examination was carried out under elective circumstances. This examination defined a flail-like appearance at the posterior leaflet of the mitral valve, rupture of the chordae holding mitral posterior leaflet and severe mitral regurgitation. His general condition was fine and he is given medical treatment at our clinic, and elective mitral valvuler surgery has been proposed. The patients admitted to the emergency department because of blunt chest trauma should be carefully examined

Clinical and laboratory findings and pedigree analysis in children with familial epilepsy, motor retardation and/or intellectual disability

Bu çalışmada ailesel epilepsi, zihinsel yetersizlik, bilişsel gelişimde gecikme ve/veya motor gerilik tanıları olan ve üç kuşak soyunun en az birinde epilepsi, zihinsel yetersizlik, bilişsel gelişimde gecikme veya motor gerilik saptanan 35 vaka prospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Amacımız akraba evliliğinin sık olduğu ülkemizde ailesel epilepsi ve/veya zihinsel yetersizlik/bilişsel gelişimde gecikmesi olan vakaların soyağacı, klinik ve laboratuvar bulgularını inceleyerek etyolojide rol oynayan faktörleri ve soyağaçlarının olası kalıtım paternlerini belirlemektir. Çalışmaya, Ocak 2013-Kasım 2014 tarihleri arasında Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Meram Tıp Fakültesi çocuk nörolojisi polikliniğine müracat eden ve ailesel epilepsi ve/veya zihinsel yetersizlik/bilişsel gelişimde gecikme ve/veya motor gerilik olan 35 vaka alındı. Vakalar demografik veriler, şikayet, perinatal öykü, anne-baba akrabalığı, ailede benzer hastalık öyküsü, konvülziyon varlığı, motor-mental gelişim açısından incelendi. Tüm vakaların ayrıntılı fizik ve nörolojik muayeneleri yapıldı. Vakaların tümünden soyağacı çıkarıldı. Etyolojiyi ve eşlik edebilecek ilave hastalıkları saptanmak amacıyla tüm vakalardan hematolojik ve biyokimyasal tetkiklere ek olarak serum B12 vitamini ve folat düzeyleri, tandem kütle spektrometri, metabolik hastalık taraması, beyin manyetik rezonans görüntüleme, elektroensefalografi, görsel uyarılmış potansiyel, işitsel beyin sapı uyarılmış potansiyel ve zeka testi incelemeleri yapıldı. Gerekli görülen vakalarda toksoplazmozis, rubella, sitomegalovirüs, herpes simpleks virüs (TORCH) enfeksiyonlar için serum markırları, idrarda organik asit profili, bilgisayarlı beyin tomografisi ve batın ultrasonografisi yapıldı. Vakaların 20'si (%57,2) erkek ve 15'i (%42,8) kızdı (Erkek/Kız:1,33). Vakaların yaş ortalamaları 6,46±3.99 yıl idi. Çalışmaya dahil edilen vakalar üç gruba ayrıldı. Grup 1: sadece epilepsisi olan vakalar; grup 2: zihinsel yetersizlik/ bilişsel gelişimde gecikme olan vakalar; grup 3: epilepsi ve zihinsel yetersizlik/bilişsel gelişimde gecikme birlikteliği olan vakalardan oluşmaktaydı. Grup 1'de beş vaka vardı. Vakaların yaş ortalamaları 8,08±3,05 yıl idi. Vakaların ikisi (%40) erkek, üçü (%60) kızdı. Erkek/Kız oranı 0,66 idi. Vakaların birinde (%20) anne-baba arasında 1. yeğen evliliği vardı. İkisinin (%40) anne-babası aynı köydendi. Geriye kalan iki vakada ise (%40) ise anne-baba arasında akrabalık yoktu. İki vakada ailede benzer hastalık nedeniyle ölüm öyküsü, bir vakada düşük öyküsü vardı. Grup 1'deki vakaların soyağaçları incelendiğinde üç (%60) vakada otozomal resesif kalıtım, bir (%20) vakada otozomal dominant kalıtım, diğer bir (%20) vakada ise büyük olasılıkla otozomal resesif kalıtım, düşük olasılıkla kromozomal kalıtım ya da otozomal dominant kalıtım olabileceği düşünüldü. Vakaların dördünde (%80) jeneralize epilepsi, birinde (%20) parsiyel epilepsi vardı. Grup 2'de 15 vaka vardı. Vakaların yaş ortalamaları 6,66±4,45 yıl idi. Vakaların yedisi kız (%46,6) ve sekizi (%53,4) erkekti. Erkek/kız oranı 1,14 idi. Vakaların üçünün (%20) anne-babası arasında 1. yeğen evliliği vardı. Altısının (%40) anne-babası aynı köydendi. Diğer altı vakanın (%40) anne-babası arasında akrabalık yoktu. Vakaların üçünde düşük, üçünde benzer hastalık nedeniyle ölüm öyküsü vardı. Grup 2'deki vakaların soyağaçları incelendiğinde dokuz (%60) vakada otozomal resesif kalıtım, üç (%20) vakada otozomal dominant kalıtım, olabileceği düşünüldü. Bir vakanın (%6,7) yüksek ihtimalle otozomal resesif, düşük olasılıkla da kromozomal kalıtım ya da otozomal dominant kalıtım, bir vakada (%6,7) anne-baba arasında akrabalık olmadığı için mitokondrial hastalık, kromozom hastalığı ve otozomal resesif kalıtım olasılıkları düşünüldü. Diğer bir vakanın (%6,7) otozomal resesif ya da X'e bağlı resesif kalıtım olabileceği düşünüldü. Grup 3'te 15 vaka vardı. Vakaların yaş ortalamaları 5,72±3,83 yıl idi. Onu (%66,7) erkek, beşi (%33,3) kız idi. Erkek/kız oranı 2 idi. Vakaların yedisinin (%46,7) anne-babası arasında 1. yeğen evliliği vardı. İkisinin (%13,3) anne-babası arasında bir ileri 1. yeğen evliliği vardı. Dördünün (%26,7) anne-babası aynı köydendi. İkisinin (%13,3) ise anne babası arasında akrabalık yoktu. Üç vakada düşük, iki vakada benzer hastalık nedeniyle ölüm, diğer iki vakada ise düşük ve benzer hastalık nedeniyle ölüm öyküsü birlikteliği vardı. Vakaların soyağaçları incelendiğinde 14 (%93,3) vakada otozomal resesif kalıtım bir (%6,7), vakada otozomal dominant kalıtım olabileceği düşünüldü. Vakaların 11'inde (%73,4) jeneralize, ikisinde (%13,3) parsiyel, diğer ikisinde (%13,3) parsiyel başlayıp jeneralizasyon gösteren, epilepsi vardı. Sonuç olarak; epilepsi ve/veya zihinsel yetersizlik/bilişsel gelişimde gecikmesi olan vakalarda aile öyküsünün ayrıntılı bir şekilde sorgulanması, kalıtım biçimini belirlemek amacıyla en az üç kuşak aile ağacının çıkarılması ve gerekli görülen vakalarda hastalığa özel laboratuvar, kraniyal görüntüleme incelemelerinin ve ileri genetik analizlerin yapılması ve ailelere genetik danışma açısından bilgi verilmesi gerektiğini düşünüyoruz.In this study, 35 patients diagnosed with familial epilepsy, intellectual disability and/or motor retardation with at least one member in their three generations displaying epilepsy and/or intellectual disability and/or motor retardation have been evaluated, prospectively. The aim of the study is to determine probable inheritance patterns of pedigrees and the factors affecting etiology of epilepsy and/or intellectual disability by analyzing the pedigrees and clinical and laboratory findings in patients with familial epilepsy and/or intellectual disability and/or motor retardation in our county where consanguineous marriage are common. The study has been performed at Necmettin Erbakan University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Neurology, from January 2013 to November 2014. The patients were examined for demographical data, complaints on admission, perinatal events, consanguinity between parents and presence of similar disease in the family, convulsion and motor-mental development. Detailed physical and neurological examination were perfomed in all patients. A pedigree for each patient has been established in all patients. In order to detect etiological or other accompanying abnornalities, all patients have been tested for hematological and biochemical laboratory tests, serum vitamin B12 and folate levels, tandem-mass spectrometry, metabolic disease screening, brain magnetic resonance imaging, electroencephalography, visual evoked potential, brainstem auditory evoked response and intelligence test. If necessary, further investigations such as serum markers for TORCH group infections, organic acid profile in urine, computerized cranial tomography and abdominal ultrasonography have been performed. In this study, 20 (57.2%) males and 15 (42.8%) females were enrolled (male/female:1.33). The mean age of the patients was 6.46±3.99 years. The cases included in the study have been divided into three groups. Group 1 included patients with epilepsy; group 2 included patients diagnosed with only ıntellectual disability/global developmental delay; and group 3 includes patients with epilepsy and intellectual disability/global developmental delay together. There were five patients in group 1. The mean age of the patients was 8.08±3.05 years. Two (40%) were males and three (60%) were females. Male/female ratio was 0.66. First cousin marriage was present in one (20%). Parents of two (40%) patients were from the same village. There were two (40%) patients without any consanguineous marriage history. Exitus history was present in two patients and abortus history was present in one patient. In the analysis of patients' pedigrees in group 1, it has been suggested that three (60%) patients could have autosomal recessive inheritance, one patients (20%) could have autosomal dominant inheritance and the other patient (20%) could have autosomal recessive, autosomal dominant or chromosomal inheritance. Four (80%) patients had generalized epilepsy and one (20%) patient had partial epilepsy. There were 15 patients in group 2. The mean age of the patients was 6.66±4.45 years. Eight (53.4%) were males and seven (46.6%) were females. Male/female ratio was 1.14. First cousin marriage was present in three (20%) patients. In six (40%) patients the parents were from the same village. There were six (40%) patients without any consanguineous marriage history. Exitus history was present in three patients and abortus history was present in the other three patients. In the analysis of patients' pedigrees in group 2, it has been suggested that nine (60%) patients could have autosomal recessive inheritance and three (20%) patients could have autosomal dominant inheritance. One (6.7%) patient could have autosomal recessive, choromosomal or autosomal dominant inheritance. One (6.7%) patient could have mitochondrial inheritance, chromosomal abnormality or autosomal recessive inheritance and the other (6.7%) patient could have autosomal recessive or X-linked recessive inheritance. There were 15 patients in group 3. The mean age of the patients was 5.72±3.83 years. Ten (66.7%) were males and five (33.3%) were females. Male/female ratio was 2. First cousin marriage was present in seven (46.7%) patients. First cousins once removed marriage was present in two (13.3%) patients. Parents of four (26.7%) patients were from the same village. There were two (13.3%) patients without any consanguineous marriage history. Exitus history was present in two patients, abortus history was present in three patients and both of exitus and abortus history was present in two patients. In the analysis of patients' pedigrees in group 3, it has been suggested that 14 patients could have autosomal recessive, one patient could have autosomal dominant inheritance. Eleven patients had generalized epilepsy, two patients had partial epilepsy and the other two patients had a partial epilepsy with secondary generalization. In conclusion, we suggest that, in patients with epilepsy and/or intellectual disability, a detailed family history should be inquired and at least three generation pedigree analaysis should be performed to determine probable inheritance patterns. Additionally we think that spesific laboratory examination, cranial imaging and advanced genetic analaysis should be performed in required patients and genetic counseling should be given to the parents

Resveratrol'ün B-CPAP insan papiller tiroid karsinomu hücreleri üzerinde BRAF, ERK VE NIS mRNA ekspresyonu üzerine etkileri

Tiroid kanserleri en sık görülen endokrin neoplazilerdir. İnsidansı her iki cinste de hızla artmaktadır. Genellikle iyi prognozlu olmasına rağmen küçük bir grup hastada hızlı seyir, invazyon ve radyoaktif iyot tedavisine direnç görülebilmektedir. BRAF papiller tiroid kanseri oluşumunda ve malignitenin sürdürülmesinde önemli olan, tüm papiller tiroid karsinomlarında ortalama %40 sıklıkla görülen bir mutasyondur. BRAF pozitifliği erken invazyon, metastaz ve iyot yakalama kapasitesinde azalma ile ilişkilidir. Resveratrol bitkisel kökenli bir fitoalexindir. Çeşitli tümör hücrelerinde büyüme inhibisyonu, apoptoz indüklenmesi, invazyonun engellenmesi gibi etkileri gösterilmiştir. Tiroid kanser hücreleri üzerinde de apoptozu indüklediği gösterilmiştir. Bu çalışmadaki amacımız resveratrol'ün tiroid papiller kanser hücrelerinde BRAF, ERK ve NIS mRNA ekspresyonları üzerine etkisinin belirlenmesidir. İnsan B-CPAP papiller tiroid karsinom hücreleri resveratrol'ün 10-100 μM konsantrasyonlarında 24-48-72 saat süreyle muamele edildi. Hücre canlılığı XTT Cell Proliferation Assay" ile değerlendirildi. BRAF, ERK ve NIS mRNA ekspresyonları rt-PCR metoduyla değerlendirildi. Resveratrolün B-CPAP hücrelerinde zaman ve doza bağımlı bir şekilde hücre proliferasyonunu engellediği görüldü. Resveratrol'ün IC50 değeri 48 saatte 18,7 μM, 72 saatte 56,8μM olarak ölçüldü. 48 saatte 20 μM resveratrol ile BRAF mRNA ekspresyonunda 1,5 kat; 72 saatte 50 oM ile 0,5 kat azalma gözlendi. ERK mRNA düzeyinde 48 saatte 20 μM ile 5,5 kat azalma;72 saatte 50 μM ile 5 kat azalma meydana geldi. NIS mRNA ekspresyonunda ise 48 saatte 20 μM ile 3 kat azalma meydana gelirken 72 saatte 50 μM ile 1,5 kat artış meydana geldi. Bu çalışmayla resveratrolün tiroid papiller karsinom hücre proliferasyonunu inhibe ettiği ve kötü prognostik BRAF ve ERK mRNA ekspresyonlarını azalttığı gösterilmiştir. Çalışmamız Resveratrolün dirençli papiller tiroid kanseri hastalığında yeni bir tedavi edici ajan olarak ileri çalışmalarla değerlendirilebileceğini düşündürmektedir

Bazı doğal bitki ekstraktlarının demirli malzemelerin korozyonu üzerine inhibitör etkilerinin araştırılması

TEZ4717Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- Çukurova Üniversitesi, Adana, 2003.Kaynakça (s. 84-86) var.xiii, 86 s. ; 30 cm.…Bu çalışma Ç.Ü. Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimi Tarafından Desteklenmiştir. Proje No:fbe2002yl17

Tunes from a sultans's diary: Musical performances and musicians in the Rüznames of Mahmud I (R. 1730-1754)

This thesis examines the musical elements in the rûznâmes (the records of the sultan’s daily activities) of Mahmud I (r. 1730-1754) who occupied the Ottoman throne for nearly a quarter of a century. The examination foregrounds the question of whether these records provide data on and can be useful in writing the history of Ottoman music. Based on the references to music in these sources, this study contributes to our understanding of Istanbul’s musical landscape in the first half of the 18th century. Furthermore, it describes the characteristics of this music and the musical practices of this certain period, along with Ottoman music more generally. The first chapter analyzes musicians’ profiles in and around the Ottoman court according to their socio-cultural and occupational backgrounds; officers, artisans, mosque singers, Sufis, and non-Muslims. The following chapter focuses on the music in the rûznâmes. It details of the genres of music and instruments that the sultan listened to, illuminates Mahmud I’s musical tastes, and the musical genres and the instruments that were popular in the first half of the 18th century. Finally, the third chapter explores the locations where the musical performances for the sultan took place. It also tries to shed light on Mahmud I’s Mevlevî inclinations

Linguistic Encoding of Inferential Evidence for Events

How people learn about events often varies with some events perceived in their entirety and others are inferred based on the available evidence. Here, we investigate how children and adults linguistically encode the sources of their event knowledge. We focus on Turkish – a language that obligatorily encodes source of information for past events using two evidentiality markers. Children (4- to 5-year-olds and 6- to 7- year-olds) and adults watched and described events that they directly saw or inferred based on visual cues with manipulated degrees of indirectness. Overall, participants modified the evidential marking in their descriptions depending on (a) whether they saw or inferred the event and (b) the indirectness of the visual cues giving rise to an inference. There were no differences across age groups. These findings suggest that Turkish-speaking adults’ and children’s use of evidential markers are sensitive to the indirectness of the inferential evidence for events

Encoding inferential evidence for events in language: Evidence from Turkish speaking children and adults

Gaining information about people, objects, situations and events is a fundamental aspect of an individuals’ life. Particularly, events include rich information which fosters individuals’ interpretation regarding the world around them. However, the way information about events is obtained could vary depending on the perspective of the observer. Some events can be experienced in its entirety and hence one may learn about them through direct information sources, whereas other events may be learned based on partial information and hence indirect sources of information. The linguistic encoding of information sources is known as evidentiality and languages differ in the kinds of linguistic devices they use to encode evidentiality (Aikhenvald, 2004, 2018). For instance, in English evidentiality is optionally encoded through lexical or syntactic devices (e.g., Apparently, Ali ate the cake). On the other hand, Turkish obligatorily encodes evidentiality using two past tense suffixes (e.g., Ali pastayı yedi/yemiş). Although children start to encode information sources in very early ages, producing indirect evidential marker -mış develops over time (Fitneva, 2018, Matsui, 2014). Furthermore, studies with adults has shown that inferences from visual evidence is not treated as aa homogeneous category and the variation in types of inferential evidence is linked to evidential encoding in language (Sarastli & Papafragou, 2020; Ünal et al., 2016). Nevertheless, we still do not know how indirectness level of an event affects the production of evidential marker particularly in children. The goal of this study is to compare adults’ and children’s production of evidential markers across different types of indirect evidence for events. To address this goal, we will conduct an experiment with adults and children from two different age groups (4- and 5-year-olds and 6- and 7-year-olds). In order to elicit evidential markers participants will watch videos of events and will be asked to describe them