Prenatal diagnosis of Cantrell pentalogy in first trimester screening: Case report and review of literature [Birinci trimester anöploidi taramasi{dotless}nda Cantrell pentalojisinin erken tani{dotless}si{dotless}: Olgu sunumu ve literatür taramasi{dotless}]

Pentalogy of Cantrell is a heterogeneous and rare thoraco-abdominal wall closure defect with the estimated prevalence of 1/65.000 to 1/200.000 births. Supraumbilical midline wall defect (generally omphalocele), deficiency of the anterior diaphragm and diaphragmatic peritoneum, defect of the lower sternum and several intracardiac defects are the components of Cantrell pentalogy. Etiology is unknown but a defect on the lateral mesoderm during the early stage of pregnancy is the most accepted hypothesis. Nowadays both 2- dimensional (2D) and 3-dimensional (3D) sonography are commonly used in diagnosis. In our case, a fetus with 11 weeks of gestation was reported as Cantrell pentalogy during first trimester screening. Additionally, unilateral limb defect and lumbar lordoscoliosis were detected through 3D sonography. Pregnancy was terminated according to parental desire. Karyotype was 46 XY. Early diagnosis is feasible in the first trimester if ectopia cordis and omphalocele exist. Additionally, development in ultrasound technology provides us with better visualization and early diagnosis. Prognosis seems to be poor in patients with complete Cantrell syndrome and patients with associated anomalies. Termination is the choice of treatment. Early diagnosis gives us a chance to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality related to termination. © 2011 by the Turkish-German Gynecological Education and Research Foundation

The prevalence of probable overactive bladder, associated risk factors and its effect on quality of life among Turkish midwifery students

PubMed ID: 22762841Objectives: To evaluate the associated risk factors of probable overactive bladder (OAB) and to determine the effect of OAB on quality of life through validated questionnaires in Turkish midwifery students. Study design: 279 midwifery students were invited to participate, and 265 (95.0%) were included in the study, which was approved by the local ethics committees. The relationship between quality of life and probable OAB was evaluated using Turkish language-validated questionnaires (OABq SF, NQOL). Chi-square test, t-test and logistic regression were used for the statistical analysis, and p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The participants' mean age was 21.74 ± 2.15 years. The prevalence of OAB was 35.4%. There was a significant relationship between the presence of probable OAB and familial urinary incontinence history and childhood nocturnal enuresis. In the logistic regression analysis, family history was associated with an OR of 2.11 (95% CI: 1.08-4.10) for OAB, and nocturia with an OR of 2.69 (95% CI: 1.16-6.21) for OAB. Drinking moderate amounts of tea and carbonated drinks daily did not affect OAB, but extreme consumption of these beverages was associated with an OR of 2.98 (95% CI: 1.26-7.03) for OAB. OAB significantly worsens quality of life according to all the quality of life indices. Conclusion: OAB is not a rare condition among young people. It appears that the quality of life was adversely influenced by OAB among both younger and older people. Familial urinary incontinence and childhood nocturnal enuresis were found to be risk factors for OAB. There is insufficient evidence to restrict tea or carbonated drinks consumption in young people with OAB unless their consumption is extreme. © 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved

Prenatal diagnosis of Cantrell pentalogy in first trimester screening: case report and review of literature

Pentalogy of Cantrell is a heterogeneous and rare thoraco-abdominal wall closure defect with the estimated prevalence of 1/65.000 to 1/200.000 births. Supraumbilical midline wall defect (generally omphalocele), deficiency of the anterior diaphragm and diaphragmatic peritoneum, defect of the lower sternum and several intracardiac defects are the components of Cantrell pentalogy. Etiology is unknown but a defect on the lateral mesoderm during the early stage of pregnancy is the most accepted hypothesis. Nowadays both 2- dimensional (2D) and 3-dimensional (3D) sonography are commonly used in diagnosis. In our case, a fetus with 11 weeks of gestation was reported as Cantrell pentalogy during first trimester screening. Additionally, unilateral limb defect and lumbar lordoscoliosis were detected through 3D sonography. Pregnancy was terminated according to parental desire. Karyotype was 46 XY. Early diagnosis is feasible in the first trimester if ectopia cordis and omphalocele exist. Additionally, development in ultrasound technology provides us with better visualization and early diagnosis. Prognosis seems to be poor in patients with complete Cantrell syndrome and patients with associated anomalies. Termination is the choice of treatment. Early diagnosis gives us a chance to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality related to termination.Cantrell Pentalojisi tahmini prevalansı 1/65.000 ile 1/200.000 doğumda bir izlenen heterojen ve nadir bir torako-abdominal duvara ait kapanma defektidir. Supraumblikal orta hat defekti (genellikle omfalosel), anterior diyafram ve diyafragmatik periton defekti, sternumun alt kısmına ait defektler ile kalbe ait anomaliler Cantrell Pentalojisini oluşturan bileşenlerdir. Etyolojisi bilinmemekle beraber erken gebelik haftalarında lateral mezoderme ait defektlerden kaynaklandığı hipotezi en geçerli olanıdır. Günümüzde tanıda hem iki hem de üç boyutlu sonografi kullanılmaktadır. Olgumuz birinci trimester taramasında Cantrell Pentalojisi tanısı alan 11. gebelik haftasındaki fetüs idi. Ek olarak tek taraflı alt ekstremite defekti ve lumbar lordoskolyoz üç boyutlu sonografide tespit edildi. Gebelik ailenin isteği üzerine termine edildi. Karyotip 46 XY idi. Olgularda eğer ektopia kordis ve omfalosel mevcut ise birinci trimesterde erken tanısı mümkündür. Ek olarak ultrasonografi teknolojisindeki gelişmeler de bize daha iyi görüntüleme ve erken tanı imkanları sunmaktadır. Ek anomalilerin varlığında veya Cantrell Pentalojisinin tüm komponentlerini içeren olgularda prognoz kötüdür. Gebelik sonlandırması bu nedenle bir alternatif olarak göz önünde bulundurulmalıdır. Erken tanı bize gebelik sonlandırmasına ait mortalite ve morbiditenin azaltılması imkanı tanımaktadır