QUADRICEPS FEMORIS ANGLE OF ELITE AND NON-ELITE ATHLETES IN OLYMPIC STYLE WEIGHTLIFTING

OBJECTIVE: To find out the quadriceps femoris angle (Q-angle) values of elite and non-elite athletes in Olympic style weightlifting. METHODS: This study included 22 male elite athletes that won medals in international Olympic style weightlifting championships and 22 male non-elite athletes who won medals in national Olympic style weightlifting championships. A goniometer was used to determine the angle of the quadriceps femoris muscle while the athletes were in supine position and the muscle was inactivated.  Anthropometric measurements of right-left thigh and lower leg length, right-left thigh and calf girth, and pelvic width of athletes were obtained. One repetition maximum of snatch, clean and jerk and leg strength of the athletes was recorded. To study demographic characteristics and some anthropometric values of lower extremity of the athletes, t-Test was conducted for independent groups. To compare anthropometric measurements of right-left lower extremity and right-left Q-angle values, paired sample t-Test was used. Right-left Q-angle values and relations among other variables were studied by Pearson correlation analysis. SPSS was used for all analyses. RESULTS: Mean age was 19.73±2.97 years and 18.73±1.55 years for of elite and non-elite athletes respectively. No significant difference was observed in demographic characteristics and in some anthropometric values of lower extremity of elite and non-elite athletes (p>0.05). However, right-left Q-angle values of non-elite athletes (10.14±1.55o and 10.14±1.52o, respectively) were higher than the right-left Q-angle values of elite athletes (8.32±1.39o and 8.32±1.32o, respectively) [p<0.003]. CONCLUSIONS: Olympic style weightlifting, which is maintained in elite level, affects the quadriceps femoris angle

Influence of Acidic Environmental Conditions on Push-Out Bonding Strength of Four Calcium Silicate-Based Materials to Root Dentin

INTRODUCTION: Calcium silicate-based cements (CSCs) are frequently used in various endodontic procedures such as perforation repair, vital pulp therapy, regenerative treatments, or apexification. One of their areas of use, treatment of perforations, can be challenging in clinical practice. Selection of stable, durable, and compatible material with structural and biological alterations is a must in such situations. AIM: This study aimed to compare the dislocation resistance of various calcium-silicate-containing materials used in endodontic treatment exposed to various environmental conditions in a push-out study model. METHODS: Selected ninety-six human mandibular premolars with single root canals were cut from the middle portion to obtain dentin slices of 2 mm thickness (n = 192). Then, the canal lumen was enlarged by using #4Gates-Glidden drills. Specimens for each repair material (MTA, Angelus, Endosequence RRM (ERRM), Biodentine, BioMTA) were placed in shaped lumens, wrapped in pieces of gauze, and randomly divided into four groups (n = 48) according to the storage time and media: group A: 4 days in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), group B: 4 days in acetic acid (pH = 4.4), group C: 34 days in PBS, and group D: 4 days in acetic acid (pH = 4.4) followed by exposure to PBS for 30 days. A universal testing machine measured the dislodgement resistance followed by scanning electron microscopy imaging to evaluate the material-dentin interface. RESULTS: ERRM showed the highest dislocation resistance in all test groups (p 0.05). CONCLUSION: All repair materials showed a higher dislocation resistance when stored in PBS regardless of storage time. However, the improved pH of the surrounding media was not successful in reversing the deteriorating effect caused by lower pH in relation to dislocation resistance in all tested materials except for ERRM

Investigation of the relationship between physical characteristics and relative strength in weightlifters

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Halter milli takımında yer alan haltercilerin bazı maksimal kuvvet ölçümleri ile rölatif kuvvet ve antropometrik parametreleri arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesidir. Bu çalışmaya yaş ortalamaları 26,2 ±14,4 (yıl), boy 168,4 ± 7,2 (cm) , Vücut ağırlığı 77,3±15,3 (kg) vücut ağırlığına sahip, Olimpiyat Dünya, Avrupa ve Türkiye şampiyonalarında derecesi ve rekoru olan 13 erkek milli halterci gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Haltercilerin bağımlı değişkenler olarak vücut ağırlığı, uzunluk, çap ve cevre ölçümleri ile bağımsız değişkenler olarak da silkme rölatif kuvveti, koparma rölatif kuvveti, total rölatif kuvveti, squat rölatif kuvveti ve göğse çekiş rölatif kuvveti alınmıştır. Ölçüm sonuçlarının aritmetik ortalaması, standart sapması, minimal ve maksimal değerleri tespit edilmiştir. Rölatif kuvvet ve Antropometrik ölçüm sonuçları arasındaki ilişkiler ise pearson korelasyonu ile test edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak haltercilerin boy uzunluğu, vücut ağırlığı, VKI, spor yaşı, solunum fonksiyonları, çap, çevre, uzunluk ölçüm ve deri kıvrımı kalınlık sonuçları ile silkme rölatif kuvveti, koparma rölatif kuvveti, squat rölatif kuvveti ve göğse çekiş rölatif kuvveti arasında 0,01 ve 0.05 anlamlılık seviyesinde negatif ilişkiler bulunmuştur. Bu sonuçlar halter sporunda boyu kısa, sıkleti hafif, BMI düşük olan haltercilerin rölatif kuvvet açısında daha avantajlı olacağını göstermektedir.The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between some maximal strength measurements and relative strength, anthropometric parameters of Turkish National Weightlifting Team. 13 male national weightlifters, They have got degrees in Olympic, Earth, Europe and Turkey Championships, participated as voluntary in this study .Their average ages was 26,2 ±14,4 (year), average height was 168,4 ± 7,2 (cm), average weight had 77,3±15,3 (kg). Weight, height, diameter and circumference were measured as dependent variables, clean & jerk relative strength, snatch relative strength; total relative strength and chest pull relative strength were measured as independent variables of weightlifters. Arithmetic averages, standard deviation, minimal and maximal value of measurement results were examined. Relative strength and anthropometric measurement results were tested with Pearson correlation. As a results, the relationship between height, weight, BMI, sport age, breath functions, diameter, circumference, body fat percentage and clean & jerk relative strength, snatch relative strength, squat relative strength and chest pull were found negative relationship at the 0.05 and 0.01 levels. These findings suggest that weightlifting athletes with short height, light body weight, and low BMI have more advantage with respect to relative strength