1,310 research outputs found
Social Media as a Tool for Online Advocacy Campaigns: Greenpeace Mediterranean’s Anti Genetically Engineered Food Campaign in Turkey
Advocacy has been one of the main fields of study in public relations and is established amongst the main functions of public relations. The strong need of non-governmental organizations for public support in order to reach their goals locates public relations and advocacy at a central position for these organizations. Social media, which have been introduced by the further development of Internet technology, especially Web 2.0, has had a significant impact upon public relations and advocacy activities of non-governmental organizations in particular. This development also led non-governmental organizations towards online advocacy campaigns that promote active participation of supporters with more cost effective methods that can easily become widespread. The aim of this study is to place the advocacy campaigns of non-governmental organizations into the context of public relations and to discuss how social media can be utilized in online advocacy through the case study of the Yemezler! (We do not buy it!) campaign by Greenpeace Mediterranean that has been significantly successful in a short period in Turkey. The Dragonfly Effect model developed by Aaker and Smith (2010) is employed as a framework in the analysis of the Yemezler! campaign
Disaster Loses in the Developing World: Evidence from the August 1999 Earthquake in Turkey
The purpose of this study is to investigate the impacts of a natural disaster on a developing country’s economy. In that sense, we look at the impact of August 1999 earthquake in Turkey on two important macroeconomic indicators of the Turkish economy (Real Output and Employment) with recovery policies followed by the government and international donors. Our results indicate that the earthquake had a significant immediate negative impact on both output and employment growth in Turkey. While output growth reverted back to its predisaster pattern after the initial shock, employment growth did not recover. The earthquake had both a short run and long run influence on the Turkish economy. This study will develop understanding of the possible effects of future earthquakes. Also, it will help the Turkish Government evaluate already-applied mitigation measures (like Turkish Catastrophe Insurance Pool etc.) and guide the preparation for forthcoming disasters since scientists have reached a consensus that a major earthquake is expected in Istanbul.
Pulse-mode quantum projection synthesis: Effects of mode mismatch on optical state truncation and preparation
Quantum projection synthesis can be used for phase-probability-distribution
measurement, optical-state truncation and preparation. The method relies on
interfering optical lights, which is a major challenge in experiments performed
by pulsed light sources. In the pulsed regime, the time frequency overlap of
the interfering lights plays a crucial role on the efficiency of the method
when they have different mode structures. In this paper, the pulsed mode
projection synthesis is developed, the mode structure of interfering lights are
characterized and the effect of this overlap (or mode match) on the fidelity of
optical-state truncation and preparation is investigated. By introducing the
positive-operator-valued measure (POVM) for the detection events in the scheme,
the effect of mode mismatch between the photon-counting detectors and the
incident lights are also presented.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.
Can a Unruh Detector Feel a Cosmic String?
Unruh's detector calculation is used to study the effect of the defect angle
in a space-time with a cosmic string for both the excitation and
deexcitation cases. It is found that a rotating detector results in a non-zero
effect for both finite (small) and infinite (large) time
Exact metric around a wiggly cosmic string
The exact metric around a wiggly cosmic string is found by modifying the
energy momentum-tensor of a straight infinitely thin cosmic string to include
an electric current along the symmetry axis.Comment: 5 page
Reinvestment Behaviour and Policies in Housing
Reinvestment decisions in housing are made by independent households in the free market,
rather than by some authority. Although a micro level activity, households’ decisions in
reinvestments often have broader implications at the macro level. Some of these implications
can be observed directly in the built environment, whereas others are to be traced in the
overall economy. Developing an understanding of households’ reinvestment behaviour and
providing information on this issue could contribute to the monitoring of the economic
system, as well as to urban decision-makers and planners in designing finer policies and tools
of intervention in relation to problems of the housing stock and neighbourhood environments.
The study aims to identify problems in reinvestment issues, factors in household reinvestment
decisions, adjustment strategies of households, scale and types of reinvestment work, and
motivation underlying the investments so as to explore macro implications of reinvestment
behaviour. Current levels of investments in urban areas have increased to such significant
magnitudes in Turkey that its implications for the overall economy have to be taken into
account. Despite four decades of research and practice history in the world, reinvestment
issues have been ignored in Turkey.
The findings of this study reveal that although substantial capital and resources are engaged in
reinvestment activities in Turkey, there are households who are unable or unwilling to
reinvest to their dwellings, or conversely there are dwellings that are unlikely to receive
reinvestments. These are the lowest income households, the rental stock, or dwellings located
in the neighbourhoods of poor environmental quality, and flats in apartment blocks where
common areas are not maintained. With another point of view, reinvestment decisions have
implications in the depreciation of the housing stock. The findings display that in the Turkish
case reinvestments in existing housing stock are significant components of housing
investments, households’ reinvestment expenditures have implications in the construction
sector and thereby in the overall economy, and households’ reinvestments help to adjust
housing consumption with regard to the current needs and trends, and act as supply
adjustment mechanisms in existing housing stock and neighbourhoods. The findings indicate
a possible set of policy issues in the more efficient operation of the housing markets
Gravitational shock waves and vacuum fluctuations
We show that the vacuum expectation value of the stress-energy tensor of a
scalar particle on the background of a spherical gravitational shock wave does
not give a finite expression in second order perturbation theory, contrary to
the case seen for the impulsive wave. No infrared divergences appear at this
order. This result shows that there is a qualitative difference between the
shock and impulsive wave solutions which is not exhibited in first order.Comment: Submitted to Class. and Quant. Grav.,7 pages, no figure
Iridium(i) complexes bearing hemilabile coumarin-functionalised N-heterocyclic carbene ligands with application as alkyne hydrosilylation catalysts
A set of iridium(i) complexes of formula IrCl(¿C, ¿2-IRCouR')(cod) or IrCl(¿C, ¿2-BzIRCouR')(cod) (cod = 1, 5-cyclooctadiene; Cou = coumarin; I = imidazolin-2-carbene; BzI = benzimidazolin-2-carbene) have beeen prepared from the corresponding azolium salt and [Ir(µ-OMe)(cod)]2 in THF at room temperature. The crystalline structures of 4b and 5b show a distorted trigonal bipyramidal configuration in the solid state with a coordinated coumarin moiety. In contrast, an equilibrium between this pentacoordinated structure and the related square planar isomer is observed in solution as a consequence of the hemilability of the pyrone ring. Characterization of both species by NMR was achieved at the low and high temperature limits, respectively. In addition, the thermodynamic parameters of the equilibrium, ¿HR and ¿SR, were obtained by VT 1H NMR spectroscopy and fall in the range 22-33 kJ mol-1 and 72-113 J mol-1 K-1, respectively. Carbonylation of IrCl(¿C, ¿2-BzITolCou7, 8-Me2)(cod) resulted in the formation of a bis-CO derivative showing no hemilabile behaviour. The newly synthesised complexes efficiently catalyze the hydrosilylation of alkynes at room temperature with a preference for the ß-(Z) vinylsilane isomer. © The Royal Society of Chemistry
Dizajn maske za lice s UVC-LED zraÄŤenjem i njezina djelotvornost protiv uobiÄŤajenih klica
During the Covid-19 pandemic, one of the best means of personal protection was using face masks. In this context, the World Health Organization has declared the attempts to produce masks inactivating airborne virus species a welcome initiative. This preliminary study aimed to prove that airborne germs passing through a mask filter cartridge can be destroyed by the rays emitted from UVC LEDs placed in such cartridge. We therefore designed such a face mask and tested the efficiency of UVC LEDs placed in its cartridge against common contaminants, gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus, gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and the influenza A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 virus because of its similarity with SARS CoV-2. Eight UVC LEDs with a total power of 75 mW provided sufficient germicidal effect for all three germs. In terms of safety, ozone production released during UVC LED emission was negligible. Our findings are promising, as they show that well-designed UVC-based face masks can be effective against airborne germs, but further research on a greater sample may help us learn more and optimise such face masks.Tijekom pandemije Covida-19 jedan od najboljih oblika osobne zaštite bilo je nošenje maski za lice. U tom je smislu Svjetska zdravstvena organizacija pozdravila pokušaje izrade maski koje ubijaju virusne vrste koje se prenose zrakom. Cilj je ovoga preliminarnog istraživanja bio dokazati da se zrakom nošene klice koje prolaze kroz filtarske uloške mogu uništiti zračenjem UVC ledica smještenih u takve uloške. Stoga smo osmislili masku za lice s tom namjenom i iskušali djelotvornost UVC ledica protiv uobičajenih izvora zaraza: gram-pozitivnoga Staphylococcus aureus, gram-negativnoga Pseudomonas aeruginosa i virusa influence A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 zbog njegove sličnosti s virusom SARS CoV-2. Osam UVC ledica ukupne snage 75 mW iskazale su dovoljan germicidni učinak protiv svih triju klica. U smislu sigurnosti primjene, ozon proizveden tijekom UVC-LED zračenja pokazao se zanemarivim. Naši su rezultati obećavajući jer pokazuju da dobro osmišljene maske za lice s UVC zračenjem mogu biti djelotvorne protiv zrakom nošenih klica, ali će tek daljnja istraživanja na većem uzorku pomoći da doznamo više i usavršimo takve maske za lice
Particle Creation If a Cosmic String Snaps
We calculate the Bogolubov coefficients for a metric which describes the
snapping of a cosmic string. If we insist on a matching condition for all times
{\it and} a particle interpretation, we find no particle creation.Comment: 10 pages, MRC.PH.17/9
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