The bees of the genus Hylaeus Fabricius, 1793 of Turkey, with keys to the subgenera and species (Hymenoptera: Anthophila, Colletidae)

Daten von rund 4000 bisher unveröffentlichten Aufsammlungen der letzten Jahrzehnte aus 40 türkischen Provinzen wurden ausgewertet. Einschließlich der Literaturquellen werden für die Türkei insgesamt 86 Arten der Gattung Hylaeus Fabricius, 1793 aus 10 Untergattungen zusammengestellt. Neu für die Türkei sind 11 Arten: Hylaeus (Dentigera) kahri Förster, 1871, H. (Dentigera) pallidicornis Morawitz, 1876, H. (Hylaeus) deceptorius (Benoist, 1959), H. (Hylaeus) gracilicornis (Morawitz, 1867), H. (Hylaeus) paulus Bridwell, 1919, H. (Hylaeus) trisignatus Morawitz, 1876, H. (Nesoprosopis) pectoralis Förster, 1871, H. (Prosopis) incongruus Förster, 1871, H. (Prosopis) trinotatus (Pérez, 1896), H. (Prosopis) variolaris Morawitz, 1876 und H. (Spatulariella) sulphuripes (Gribodo, 1894). Für 13 Arten, die schon früher nachgewiesen waren, konnten keine neuen Belege gefunden werden. Unser Kenntnisstand über die Verbreitung zahlreicher Arten wird erheblich erweitert. Für die einzelnen Arten wird eine Verbreitungscharakteristik definiert. Zum Beispiel ist H. meridionalis die am weitesten verbreitete Art mit Nachweisen aus 46 Provinzen, die alle geografischen Regionen des Landes abdecken. Andere Arten sind nur aus einer Provinz bekannt, manchmal mit einem einzigen Datensatz. Der östliche Teil der Türkei, insbesondere die Provinz Hakkâri, erweist sich als ein wichtiges Diversitäts-Zentrum für Hylaeus-Arten. Für eine Anzahl von Arten mussten die gültigen Namen revidiert werden. Für die neu festgestellten und die seltenen Arten wurden Verbreitungskarten erstellt. Häufig besuchte Pflanzenarten sind erwähnt. Außerdem werden Bestimmungstabellen für die Untergattungen und die Arten der Türkei gegeben. Nomenklatorische Handlungen All species described by Warncke in 1981 and 1992 from Turkey in the genus Prosopis F. have not yet been revised and formally combined with the valid genus name Hylaeus F. There are however a number of online checklists, which have already registered most of these names under Hylaeus. Representatives of these checklists were checked here: The World Bee Checklist, integrated into the ITIS database (ITIS 2020) and Discover Life (Ascher & Pickering 2019). As new combinations, only the missing names are added here.Hylaeus (Dentigera) giresunus (Warncke, 1992) – comb. et stat. nov.Hylaeus (Hylaeus) trochilus (Warncke, 1992) – comb. et stat. nov.Hylaeus (Paraprosopis) decaocto (Warncke, 1992) – comb. nov.Hylaeus (Paraprosopis) socheri Dathe, 2010 = H. (Paraprosopis) decaocto (Warncke, 1992) – syn. nov.Prosopis styriaca crecca Warncke, 1992 = Hylaeus (Paraprosopis) styriacus Förster, 1871 – stat. nov.Hylaeus (Spatulariella) planulus (Warncke, 1981) – comb. nov.Hylaeus (Spatulariella) tauricus Warncke, 1981 – comb. nov.The paper presents data of around 4000 previously unpublished specimens, collected in various parts of the country during the last decades. With literature sources, a total of 86 species of the genus Hylaeus Fabricius, 1793 from 10 subgenera are compiled for Turkey. New for Turkey are 11 species: Hylaeus (Dentigera) kahri Förster, 1871, H. (Dentigera) pallidicornis Morawitz, 1876, H. (Hylaeus) deceptorius (Benoist, 1959), H. (Hylaeus) gracilicornis (Morawitz, 1867), H. (Hylaeus) paulus Bridwell, 1919, H. (Hylaeus) trisignatus Morawitz, 1876, H. (Nesoprosopis) pectoralis Förster, 1871, H. (Prosopis) incongruus Förster, 1871, H. (Prosopis) trinotatus (Pérez, 1896), H. (Prosopis) variolaris Morawitz, 1876 and H. (Spatulariella) sulphuripes (Gribodo, 1894). No new specimens could be found of 13 species which had been detected formerly. Our knowledge on the distribution of numerous species is greatly expanded. The characteristics of distribution are defined for the individual species. For example, H. meridionalis is the most widespread with records from 46 provinces covering all geographical regions of the country, while many other species are only known from one province, sometimes from a single record. The eastern part of Turkey, in particular the province of Hakkâri, proved to be an important centre of diversity for Hylaeus species. For a number of species the valid names had to be revised. Distribution maps are presented for the newly recorded and rare species. Frequently visited plant species are mentioned. Keys to the subgenera and species of Turkish Hylaeus are provided. Nomenclatural acts All species described by Warncke in 1981 and 1992 from Turkey in the genus Prosopis F. have not yet been revised and formally combined with the valid genus name Hylaeus F. There are however a number of online checklists, which have already registered most of these names under Hylaeus. Representatives of these checklists were checked here: The World Bee Checklist, integrated into the ITIS database (ITIS 2020) and Discover Life (Ascher & Pickering 2019). As new combinations, only the missing names are added here.Hylaeus (Dentigera) giresunus (Warncke, 1992) – comb. et stat. nov.Hylaeus (Hylaeus) trochilus (Warncke, 1992) – comb. et stat. nov.Hylaeus (Paraprosopis) decaocto (Warncke, 1992) – comb. nov.Hylaeus (Paraprosopis) socheri Dathe, 2010 = H. (Paraprosopis) decaocto (Warncke, 1992) – syn. nov.Prosopis styriaca crecca Warncke, 1992 = Hylaeus (Paraprosopis) styriacus Förster, 1871 – stat. nov.Hylaeus (Spatulariella) planulus (Warncke, 1981) – comb. nov.Hylaeus (Spatulariella) tauricus Warncke, 1981 – comb. nov

Extracción asistida por microondas de compuestos no polares de cáscaras de pistacho y caracterización de los extractos

Soxhlet and microwave assisted extraction (MAE) methods were used to obtain non-polar compounds from pistachio hull. MAE parameters (liquid to solid ratio, microwave power, and extraction time) were studied to obtain maximum extraction yield. The optimal conditions were found to be liquid to solid ratio of 15:1 (v/w), microwave power of 250 W and extraction time of 12.5 min. The extraction yields were 9.81 and 9.50% for MAE and Soxhlet methods, respectively. The total phenolic content, antioxidant activity and tocopherol content of the extract obtained by MAE was found to be significantly higher than those of the Soxhlet extract (p < 0.05). The results showed that the extract contained α-tocopherols (567.65 mg/kg) and oleic acid (48.46%) as the major tocopherols and fatty acids. These findings propose that hull extracts can be considered as a good source of natural bioactive compounds and MAE can be a good alternative to the traditional Soxhlet method.Se utilizó la extracción mediante Soxhlet y métodos de extracción asistida mediante microondas (MAE) para obtener compuestos no polares de las cascaras de pistacho. Se estudiaron los parámetros para la MAE (relación líquido-sólido, potencia de microondas y tiempo de extracción) para obtener el máximo rendimiento de la extracción. Se encontró que las condiciones óptimas eran una relación líquido a sólido de 15:1 (v/p), potencia de microondas de 250 W y un tiempo de extracción de 12,5 minutos. Los rendimientos de extracción fueron 9.81 y 9.50% para los métodos MAE y Soxhlet, respectivamente. El contenido fenólico total, la actividad antioxidante y el contenido de tocoferoles de los extractos obtenidos por MAE fueron significativamente más altos que los de los extractos de Soxhlet (p < 0,05). Los resultados muestran que el extracto contiene α-tocoferol (567.65 mg/kg) y ácido oleico (48.46%) como los principales tocoferoles y ácidos grasos, respectivamente. Estos hallazgos proponen que los extractos de las cascaras pueden considerarse como una buena fuente de compuestos bioactivos naturales y MAE puede ser una buena alternativa al método Soxhlet tradicional

The green biorefinery concept for the valorisation of pistachio shell by high-pressure CO2/H2O system

ABSTRACT: The use of high-pressure CO2/H2O in valorisation of pistachio shell to produce hemicellulose-derived, oligomeric and monomeric sugars and their further transformation to furfural as well as enzymatic transformation of cellulose-rich solids is presented in this work. Different pre-treatment conditions i.e. temperature ranged from 160 to 200 degrees C; reaction time varied between 0 and 30 min and liquid to solid mass ratio between 4 and 8 with constant initial pressure of CO2 of 50 bars were examined. At the optimal pre-treatment conditions, the concentrations of xylose and xylo-oligosaccharide were of 1.7 and 35.5 g/L. Furthermore, this work demonstrates the high-pressure CO2 catalysed production of furfural in an aqueous/tetrahydrofuran system. For model solution containing a mixture of xylose and acetic acid, the optimised furfural yield was as high as 53.3 mol%, while for real sample of hemicellulose hydrolysate, the furfural yield of 39.6 mol% and the selectivity of 40.0 mol% were obtained. Additionally, quantitative glucan to glucose conversion by enzymatic hydrolysis of pre-treated cellulose-rich biomasses was achieved.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Secreted Frizzled-related Protein 2 (sFRP2) Redirects Non-canonical Wnt Signaling from Fz7 to Ror2 during Vertebrate Gastrulation

This is the final version of the article. Available from American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology via the DOI in this record.Convergent extension movements during vertebrate gastrulation require a balanced activity of non-canonical Wnt signaling pathways, but the factors regulating this interplay on the molecular level are poorly characterized. Here we show that sFRP2, a member of the secreted frizzled-related protein (sFRP) family, is required for morphogenesis and papc expression during Xenopus gastrulation. We further provide evidence that sFRP2 redirects non-canonical Wnt signaling from Frizzled 7 (Fz7) to the receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 2 (Ror2). During this process, sFRP2 promotes Ror2 signal transduction by stabilizing Wnt5a-Ror2 complexes at the membrane, whereas it inhibits Fz7 signaling, probably by blocking Fz7 receptor endocytosis. The cysteine-rich domain of sFRP2 is sufficient for Ror2 activation, and related sFRPs can substitute for this function. Notably, direct interaction of the two receptors via their cysteine-rich domains also promotes Ror2-mediated papc expression but inhibits Fz7 signaling. We propose that sFRPs can act as a molecular switch, channeling the signal input for different non-canonical Wnt pathways during vertebrate gastrulation

Diaqua­bis(2-chloro­benzoato-κO)bis­(N,N-diethyl­nicotinamide-κN 1)manganese(II)

In the monomeric title complex, [Mn(C7H4ClO2)2(C10H14N2O)2(H2O)2], the MnII atom is located on a crystallographic centre of inversion. The asymmetric unit contains one 2-chloro­benzoate (CB) ligand, one diethyl­nicotinamide (DENA) ligand and one coordinated water mol­ecule, all ligands being monodentate. The four O atoms in the equatorial plane around the Mn atom form a slightly distorted square-planar arrangement, while the slightly distorted octa­hedral coordination is completed by the two pyridine N atoms of the DENA ligands in the axial positions. The dihedral angle between the carboxyl group and the adjacent benzene ring is 77.9 (11)°, while the pyridine and benzene rings are oriented at a dihedral angle of 45.94 (5)°. In the crystal structure, inter­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules into infinite chains

Numerical Investigations of Mixed Convection of Incompressible Viscous Fluid in LNG Storage with a Various Locations of Input and Output Mass

The article shows the results of mathematical simulation of mixed convection in the low-temperature storage of liquefied natural gas with a regenerative cooling. The regimes of mixed convection in a closed area with the different arrangement of the input and output sections of the masses are investigated. Two-dimensional nonstationary problem in the model of the Navier-Stokes in dimensionless variables "vorticity - stream function - temperature" was examined. Are obtained distributions of the hydrodynamic parameters and temperatures, characteristic basic laws governing the processes being investigated. Detailed circulating currents and carried out analysis of the mechanism of vortices formation and the temperature distribution in the solution for mixed convection mode with low Reynolds and Grashof numbers (Gr=10{6}, 100<Re<1000). Is established the significant influence of the geometrical arrangement of the input and output mass sections and input stream velocity on the structure of liquid flow and temperature in the low temperature LNG storage tanks

Turner syndrome and associated problems in turkish children: A multicenter study

Objective: Turner syndrome (TS) is a chromosomal disorder caused by complete or partial X chromosome monosomy that manifests various clinical features depending on the karyotype and on the genetic background of affected girls. This study aimed to systematically investigate the key clinical features of TS in relationship to karyotype in a large pediatric Turkish patient population. Methods: Our retrospective study included 842 karyotype-proven TS patients aged 0-18 years who were evaluated in 35 different centers in Turkey in the years 2013-2014. Results: The most common karyotype was 45,X (50.7%), followed by 45,X/46,XX (10.8%), 46,X,i(Xq) (10.1%) and 45,X/46,X,i(Xq) (9.5%). Mean age at diagnosis was 10.2±4.4 years. The most common presenting complaints were short stature and delayed puberty. Among patients diagnosed before age one year, the ratio of karyotype 45,X was significantly higher than that of other karyotype groups. Cardiac defects (bicuspid aortic valve, coarctation of the aorta and aortic stenosi) were the most common congenital anomalies, occurring in 25% of the TS cases. This was followed by urinary system anomalies (horseshoe kidney, double collector duct system and renal rotation) detected in 16.3%. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis was found in 11.1% of patients, gastrointestinal abnormalities in 8.9%, ear nose and throat problems in 22.6%, dermatologic problems in 21.8% and osteoporosis in 15.3%. Learning difficulties and/or psychosocial problems were encountered in 39.1%. Insulin resistance and impaired fasting glucose were detected in 3.4% and 2.2%, respectively. Dyslipidemia prevalence was 11.4%. Conclusion: This comprehensive study systematically evaluated the largest group of karyotype-proven TS girls to date. The karyotype distribution, congenital anomaly and comorbidity profile closely parallel that from other countries and support the need for close medical surveillance of these complex patients throughout their lifespan. © Journal of Clinical Research in Pediatric Endocrinology

SET-NUP214 fusion in acute myeloid leukemia- and T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia-derived cell lines

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p><it>SET-NUP214 </it>fusion resulting from a recurrent cryptic deletion, del(9)(q34.11q34.13) has recently been described in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) and in one case of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The fusion protein appears to promote elevated expression of <it>HOXA </it>cluster genes in T-ALL and may contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease. We screened a panel of ALL and AML cell lines for <it>SET-NUP214 </it>expression to find model systems that might help to elucidate the cellular function of this fusion gene.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Of 141 human leukemia/lymphoma cell lines tested, only the T-ALL cell line LOUCY and the AML cell line MEGAL expressed the <it>SET(TAF-</it>Iβ)-<it>NUP214 </it>fusion gene transcript. RT-PCR analysis specifically recognizing the alternative first exons of the two <it>TAF-</it>I isoforms revealed that the cell lines also expressed <it>TAF-</it>Iα-<it>NUP214 </it>mRNA. Results of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and array-based copy number analysis were both consistent with del(9)(q34.11q34.13) as described. Quantitative genomic PCR also confirmed loss of genomic material between <it>SET </it>and <it>NUP214 </it>in both cell lines. Genomic sequencing localized the breakpoints of the <it>SET </it>gene to regions downstream of the stop codon and to <it>NUP214 </it>intron 17/18 in both LOUCY and MEGAL cells. Both cell lines expressed the 140 kDa SET-NUP214 fusion protein.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Cell lines LOUCY and MEGAL express the recently described <it>SET-NUP214 </it>fusion gene. Of special note is that the formation of the <it>SET </it>exon 7/<it>NUP214 </it>exon 18 gene transcript requires alternative splicing as the <it>SET </it>breakpoint is located downstream of the stop codon in exon 8. The cell lines are promising model systems for <it>SET-NUP214 </it>studies and should facilitate investigating cellular functions of the the SET-NUP214 protein.</p

Molecular dissection of Wnt3a-Frizzled8 interaction reveals essential and modulatory determinants of Wnt signaling activity

Background Wnt proteins are a family of secreted signaling molecules that regulate key developmental processes in metazoans. The molecular basis of Wnt binding to Frizzled and LRP5/6 co-receptors has long been unknown due to the lack of structural data on Wnt ligands. Only recently, the crystal structure of the Wnt8-Frizzled8-cysteine-rich-domain (CRD) complex was solved, but the significance of interaction sites that influence Wnt signaling has not been assessed. Results Here, we present an extensive structure-function analysis of mouse Wnt3a in vitro and in vivo. We provide evidence for the essential role of serine 209, glycine 210 (site 1) and tryptophan 333 (site 2) in Fz binding. Importantly, we discovered that valine 337 in the site 2 binding loop is critical for signaling without contributing to binding. Mutations in the presumptive second CRD binding site (site 3) partly abolished Wnt binding. Intriguingly, most site 3 mutations increased Wnt signaling, probably by inhibiting Wnt-CRD oligomerization. In accordance, increasing amounts of soluble Frizzled8-CRD protein modulated Wnt3a signaling in a biphasic manner. Conclusions We propose a concentration-dependent switch in Wnt-CRD complex formation from an inactive aggregation state to an activated high mobility state as a possible modulatory mechanism in Wnt signaling gradients