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Cereal beta-glucans: use in foods to improve functionality and health.

The EU beta-glucan project is discussed together with the important diet related health issues, coronary heart disease and diabetes. Aspects considered include: effects of life-style and diet on the development of disease; the ability of cereal beta-glucans to lower plasma lipid levels and improve glucose tolerence; characteristics of beta-glucans; beta-glucans preparation and characterization; design of new food prototypes and consumer acceptance studies; and the physiological effects of beta-glucan preparations and enriched food prototypes in animal models and humans

Serum Lipids and Postprandial Glucose and Insulin Levels in Hyperlipidemic Subjects after Consumption of an Oat beta-Glucan-Containing Ready Meal.

Background/Aims: To investigate whether a daily intake of a nutrient-balanced ready meal containing 4 g of oat beta-glucans lowers total cholesterol (T-C) and low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in hyperlipidemic subjects and to evaluate its effect on postprandial glucose and insulin concentrations. Methods: A parallel, placebo-controlled trial was carried out in 43 healthy men and women with elevated serum cholesterol levels. During the 3-week run-in period, all subjects consumed daily a ready-meal soup, low in energy and fat and high in fiber but without oat beta-glucans. Subjects were then randomly assigned for the following 5-week intervention period to either continue consumption of the control soup or an equal soup supplemented with beta-glucan. Results: Consumption of the beta-glucan-enriched ready meal decreased T-C (0.22 +/- 0.41 mmol/l) and LDL-C (0.16 +/- 0.36 mmol/l), but the reductions were not significantly lower compared with control. After a meal with beta-glucan soup, neither postprandial glucose nor insulin concentrations were significantly different from those after a control soup. Conclusion: A daily dose of 4 g of oat beta-glucans incorporated into a healthy ready meal did not significantly lower T-C and LDL-C compared with an equal ready meal without beta-glucans. Thus, if a food product fulfils general healthy dietary recommendations it may not necessarily be a candidate for supplementation with beta-glucans. Copyright (c) 2008 S. Karger AG, Basel

Ska generna styra vad vi äter?

This article gives an overview of some ethical problems raised in connection to nutritional genomics, especially the use of knowledge from nutrigenomics as a basis for personalised nutrition after a genetic test

Solution behavior of barley beta-glucan as studied with asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation

Abstract in UndeterminedPhysicochemical properties of cereal beta-glucans, associated with beneficial health effects, are related to their solution behavior and possibly to their propensity to form aggregates. Such properties are often analyzed with methods that may influence the aggregates per se. In this paper, the effect of processing on solution behavior of pure barley b-glucan was studied using asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (AsFlFFF), a method which is capable of analyzing the present aggregates. Molar mass distributions were determined by in-line multi-angle light scattering and refractive index detectors. Unprocessed samples had a main fraction of aggregates with a weight-average molar mass of 2.8 * 10^6 g/mol. Microwave heating to 100C reduced the largest aggregates, while heating to 121C prominently decreased the molar mass. Frozen storage for 1 week did not influence the aggregation, but repeated freezeethaw cycles changed the structure of aggregates in a way that suggests cryogelation. The influence of processing conditions on solution behavior might explain why differently processed food products containing b-glucan have given different health effects. Experiments with the aim to eliminate aggregates demonstrated that filtration (0.45 mm) prior to analysis resulted in disruption of the largest aggregates, indicating that these aggregates will not be detected when filtration is used. Dissolution in NaOH solution, one of few solvents reported to eliminate aggregates, resulted in retained molar mass. UsingAsFlFFF to study the solution behavior of b-glucans is a gentle method to analyze subtle changes of physicochemical properties

Separation of soluble selenium compounds in muscle from seven animal species using size exclusion chromatography and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

To study the role of selenium compounds for the quality and nutritional value of meat, speciation of selenium compounds was performed in two muscles from each of seven animal species (chicken, turkey, duck, ostrich, lamb, cattle and pig). Soluble selenium compounds were separated by size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) and detected by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Four selenium peaks were found in the muscle extracts by SEC, with partition coefficients (K-av) of 0.02, 0.44, 0.74 and 0.86, respectively. The second and third peaks had a chromatographic mobility approximately corresponding to that of tetrameric glutathione peroxidase and selenoprotein W, respectively, and they contained 68-100% of the recovered selenium in different muscles. The distribution of selenium among the four peaks varied considerably in muscles from different species, the second peak accounting for 28-71% of the recovered selenium and the third peak for 17-72%. These differences in selenium distribution among animal species are discussed in relation to meat quality and nutritional value

Differential Effects of Ferulic Acid and p-Coumaric Acid on S Phase Distribution and Length of S Phase in the Human Colonic Cell Line Caco-2

Ferulic acid (FA) and para-coumaric acid (p-CA) may mediate the protective effects of whole-grain cereals against colon cancer. Therefore, the effects of FA and p-CA on the metabolic activity, proliferation, cell cycle phase distribution, and kinetics of the colonic endothelial tumor cell line Caco-2 was studied. Both compounds at 1500 M decreased the number of cells to 43-75% of control after 2-3 days of treatment. Cell cycle phase distribution and cell cycle kinetics were determined by flow cytometric analysis after bromodeoxyuridine labeling. Each compound at 1500 M decreased the proportion of cells in the G1 phase and increased the proportion of cells in the S and G2 phases. Treatment with 1500 M FA significantly increased the length of the S phase, while p-CA did not. It was concluded that FA and p-CA inhibited cell proliferation by presumably affecting different cell cycle phases, and this warrants further investigations because this inhibition may be one explanation for the diet-related protection against cancer

The influence of dietary fibre source and gender on the postprandial glucose and lipid response in healthy subjects.

BACKGROUND: Consumption of soluble dietary fibre is correlated with decreased postprandial glucose and insulin responses and hence has beneficial effects on the metabolic syndrome. AIM OF THE STUDY: To investigate the effects on postprandial glucose, insulin and triglyceride concentrations of meals enriched with soluble dietary fibres from oats, rye bran, sugar beet fibre or a mixture of these three fibres. METHODS: Thirteen healthy human volunteers (6 men and 7 women, aged 20-28 years) were included in the study. The subjects came to the study centre once a week after an overnight fast to ingest test meals and a control meal in random order. The meals contained either oat powder (62 g, of which 2.7 soluble fibre), rye bran (31 g, of which 1.7 g soluble fibre), sugar beet fibre (19 g, of which 5 g soluble fibre), a mixture of these three fibres (74 g, of which 1.7 g soluble fibre from each source, giving 5 g soluble fibre) or no added fibre (control) and were all adjusted to contain the same total amount of available carbohydrates. Blood samples were drawn before and every 30 min up to 180 min after the meals. RESULTS: Meals with rye bran gave a lower postprandial glucose peak when compared with the control meal, and this effect was more pronounced in women compared to men. Oat powder, containing a low amount of total fibre and a high amount of carbohydrates in liquid matrix, gave a higher incremental glucose peak concentration compared to rye bran and sugar beet fibre and higher insulin incremental area under curve compared to control. The oat powder also influenced the effects of the mixed meal, diminishing the glucose-lowering effects. Postprandial triglyceride levels tended to be higher after all fibre-rich meals, but only significant for oat powder and the mixed meal when compared with the control meal. CONCLUSIONS: Postprandial glucose, insulin and triglyceride concentrations are influenced by dietary fibre-rich meals, depending on fibre source, dose of soluble and total fibre and possibly gender

Intake of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum HEAL9 Improves Cognition in Moderately Stressed Subjects : A Randomized Controlled Study

Background: The usage of probiotics has expanded beyond the areas of gut and immune health improvement. Several studies have shown the positive impact associated between probiotics and stress, cognition, and mood; a relationship referred to as the gut–brain axis. Method: The aim of this exploratory study was to evaluate the effect of the probiotic strain Lactiplantibacillus plantarum HEAL9 (LPHEAL9) on the gut–brain axis in subjects with moderate stress. One hundred and twenty-nine subjects aged 21–52 years completed the study, randomized to consume either LPHEAL9 (n = 65) or placebo (n = 64) for 12 weeks. Results: Perceived stress and awakening cortisol were significantly reduced over time in both groups. A significant improvement in four cognition tests after consumption of LPHEAL9 compared to placebo was observed (rapid information processing test, numeric working memory test, paired associated learning, and word recall, p < 0.05). There was a tendency for a significantly better improvement in the LPHEAL9 group for three mood subscales (Confusion–Bewilderment, Anger–Hostility, and Depression–Dejection) and for fewer subjects with poor sleep in the LPHEAL9 group compared to placebo (p < 0.10). Conclusions: Intake of LPHEAL9 significantly improved cognitive functions compared to the placebo, potentially by ameliorating aspects of mood and sleep