Essential oil composition of two Centaurea L. (Asteraceae) species from Turkey

In this study, aerial parts of C. cynaus L. and C. depressa Bieb. were analysed by HS-SPME/GC-MS. As a result thirty five and thirty seven components were identified representing 92.3% and 91.1% of the oil, respectively. Germacrene D (14.8%), caryophyllene oxide (19.6%) and butanal (8.7%) were detected the main compounds of C. cynaus, however germacrene D (20.6%), caryophyllene oxide (13.3%) and -eudesmol (12.6%) were detected the major constituents of C. depressa

Essential Oil Composition of Ferula Orientalis L. from Different Localities of Turkey and a Chemotaxonomic Approach

In this study, essential oil composition of Ferula orientalis L. from three different localities of Turkey have been studied to determine chemotaxonomy based on essential oil characters. For this purpose, aerial parts of plant samples were investigated by HS-SPME/GC-MS. As a result, 33, 29, 30 compounds were identified in F. orientalis from Bingöl, Elazığ, Malatya localities accounting from 92.2%, 96.9%, 96.3% of the whole oil, respectively. In all localities a-pinene, camphene, b-pinene, sabinene, naphthalene and b-phellandrene were detected among the main compounds. It is noteworthy that, in all localities a-pinene and b-phellandrene were found to be most percentange of Bingol (28.4%-5.6%), Elazig (35.5%-6.4%), Malatya (27.7%-7.4%) localities and a-pinene and b-phellandrene were detected the chemotypes of F. orientalis

An anomaly of chelicera in \u3cem\u3eScorpio kruglovi\u3c/em\u3e Birula, 1910 (Scorpiones: Scorpionidae)

An anomaly in cheliceral dentition of the fixed finger is recorded in the scorpion Scorpio kruglovi Birula, 1910. This rare teratological anomaly herein is described and illustrated

Malatya Arıcılık Faaliyetlerinin Genel Durum Tespiti Çalışması

Bu çalışma,ekolojik yapısı,arı yetiştiriciliği için uygun alanların fazlalığı, bitki çeşitliliği ile zenginliğine sahip olması nedeni ile önemli bir konuma sahip olan Malatya’da ki arıcılık faaliyetlerinin durumunu değerlendirmek amacıyla yapılmış olup, bu kapsamdaki çalışmalar rastgele seçilmiş 100 arı yetiştiricisine uygulanan anket çalışması ile saptandı. Bu anket çalışmasında 33 soru ile arıcıların yaşları, kaç yıldır arıcılık yaptıkları,  eğitim durumları, bal verimleri, koloni sayıları, ana arı üretimi ile değişimi, hastalık ile zararlılarla mücadeleleri,  arıcılığa başlama nedenleri, arıcılık dışı faaliyetleri, gezginci arıcılık durumları, besleme şekil ile zamanları, koloni kayıpları, arıcılıkta karşılaştıkları en önemli sorunları, pazarlama ile satış faaliyetleri ve üretilen arı ürünleri gibi konular hakkında önemli veriler elde edildi. Elde edilen verilere göre, Malatya ili arıcılığının genel durumu saptandı. Arıcılık faaliyetlerindeki başlıca eksiklikler eğitim, ürün pazarlama, ana arı üretimi veya temini, hastalık ve zararlılar ile mücadele olarak ortaya kondu. Sonuç olarak, bu çalışmanın Malatya’daki arıcılık faaliyetlerinin önceliklerinin ve eksikliklerinin saptanması açısından yararlı olduğu ve daha sonra yapılacak çalışmalarda yol gösterici olacağı düşünülmektedir

Important and Critical Issues of Complying Presentation Based Upon Letter of Credit (L/C) Payment

In this study, there is suggested proposals and determined about such a way must be followed in complying presentation in accordance with letter of credit payment and the faults of exporting companies specific to Turkey in this issue. Beneficiary needs to provide complying presentation after preparing the papers appropriately at first letter of credit terms, rules of UCP 600 and ISBP 745 for applicant bank and if available confirming bank’s pay obligation could continue against beneficiary company in letter of credit payment. Since provided complying presentation ability requires a certain level of experience and expertness; it is observed about exporter companies in Turkey localized, receive export prices late and pay extra charges/commissions, could not benefit from pay obligation guarantee of applicant bank and if available confirming bank because of their generally discrepant document, facing contradiction in terms on this complying document preparing. Moreover, a various letter of credit condition which are disadvantages of exporters and could be caused financial losses are discussed and includes advices in this study. Based upon the findings, there is determined about most important reason of the companies could not provide complying presentation is preparing certain documents within letter of credit conditions incorrect, and it is shown how to prepare the subjected documents appropriately to letter of credit payment as considering their main and critical properties

The importance of perfusion index monitoring in evaluating the efficacy of stellate ganglion blockage treatment in Raynaud’s disease

Stellate ganglion blockage (SGB) is a method used for treating Raynaud’s phenomenon (RP). This study primarily aimed to determine whether the perfusion index (PI) can be used an alternative to Horner’s signs in evaluating the efficacy of SGB in patients diagnosed with RP. In a total of 40 patients, aged 18–65 years and diagnosed with primary RP, SGB was applied for 5 days on the same side with the 2-finger method, using 6 mL of 5% levobupivacaine at the 7th cervical vertebra level. The PI values were recorded from the distal end of the 2nd finger of the upper extremity on the side applied with the block at baseline and at 5, 15, 30, 60 and 120 min. The onset time of Horner findings was recorded. The PI values and visual analogue scale (VAS) pain scores were recorded pre-treatment and after 2 weeks.When the PI values of the 40 patients were examined, a 62.7% increase was observed from baseline to the first session at 5 min (p < 0.05). When all sessions were evaluated, a statistically significant increase was determined in the PI values measured at 5, 15, 30, 60 and 120 min compared with the baseline PI values. There was a statistically significant decrease in the post-treatment VAS pain scores and a statistically significant increase in the post-treatment PI values (p < 0.05). By eliminating peripheral vasospasm with the application of SGB in patients with RP, the distal artery blood flow and PI are increased. PI measurement is a more objective method and therefore could be used as an alternative to Horner findings in evaluating the success of SGB. PI is a non-invasive and simple measurement and also an earlier indicator in evaluating the success of SGB than Horner’s signs.Keywords: Raynaud’s phenomenon; perfusion index; stellate ganglion blockage; pain; Horner's sig

Minimum power multicasting with delay bound constraints in Ad Hoc wireless networks

In this paper, we design a new heuristic for an important extension of the minimum power multicasting problem in ad hoc wireless networks. Assuming that each transmission takes a fixed amount of time, we impose constraints on the number of hops allowed to reach the destination nodes in the multicasting application. This setting would be applicable in time critical or real time applications, and the relative importance of the nodes may be indicated by these delay bounds. We design a filtered beam search procedure for solving this problem. The performance of our algorithm is demonstrated on numerous test cases by benchmarking it against an optimal algorithm in small problem instances, and against a modified version of the well-known Broadcast Incremental Power (BIP) algorithm 20 for relatively large problems

Impact of obstructive sleep apnoea on left ventricular mass and global function

Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) might be a cause of heart failure. The present study aimed to assess left ventricular mass and myocardial performance index (MPI) in OSAS patients. A total of 67 subjects without any cardiac or pulmonary disease, referred for evaluation of OSAS, had overnight polysomnography and echocardiography. According to apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI), subjects were classified into three groups: mild OSAS (AHI: 5-14; n=16), moderate OSAS (AHI: 15-29; n=18), and severe OSAS (AHI: ≥30; n=33). Thickness of interventricular septum (IVS) and posterior wall (LVPW) were measured by M-mode, along with left ventricular mass (LVM) and LVM index (LVMI). Left ventricular MPI was calculated as (isovolumic contraction time+isovolumic relaxation time)/aortic ejection time by Döppler echocardiography. There were no differences in age or body mass index among the groups, but blood pressures were higher in severe OSAS compared with moderate and mild OSAS. In severe OSAS, thickness of IVS (11.2 ± 1.1 mm), LVPW (11.4 ± 0.9 mm), LVM (298.8 ± 83.1 g) and LVMI (144.7 ± 39.8 g·m-2) were higher than in moderate OSAS (10.9 ± 1.3 mm; 10.8 ± 0.9 mm; 287.3 ± 74.6 g; 126.5 ± 41.2 g·m-2, respectively) and mild OSAS (9.9 ± 0.9 mm; 9.8 ± 0.8 mm; 225.6 ± 84.3 g; 100.5 ± 42.3 g·m-2, respectively). In severe OSAS, MPI (0.64 ± 0.14) was significantly higher than in mild OSAS (0.50 ± 0.09), but not significantly higher than moderate OSAS (0.60 ± 0.10). In conclusion, severe and moderate obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome patients had higher left ventricular mass and left ventricular mass index, and also left ventricular global dysfunction. Copyright©ERS Journals Ltd 2005

Aktivnost arginaze u ovarijskim strukturama krava švicarske smeđe pasmine i njezinih križanaca.

Arginase is the last enzyme of the urea cycle. It catalyses the hydrolysis of L-arginine to L-ornitine and urea. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of arginase activity in ovarian structures such as: Graaf follicles, GF (Medium and Large size, M- and L-size), Corpus Haemorrhagicum (CH), and various types of Corpus Luteum (CL) such as: cyclic CL (CCL), 2-4 month pregnancy CL (2-4 MCL) and 4-7 month pregnancy CL (4-7 MCL). Ovarian tissues of 62 cows (7-10 years old and Brown Swiss or its cross-breeds), collected from a local slaughterhouse, were used as material. The materials were divided into 6 experimental groups, as follows: MGF group (n = 7), LGF group (n = 21), CH group (n = 7), CCL group (n = 6), 2-4 MCL group (n = 9) and 4-7 MCL group (n = 12). Arginase activities were measured as 0.056 ± 0.017, 0.100 ± 0.016, 2.517 ± 0.521, 0.827 ± 0.190, 0.674 ± 0.106 and 0.833 ± 0.093 U/mg protein in all groups, respectively. Arginase activity in the CH group was significantly higher than that in the CCL, 2-4 MCL and 4-7 MCL groups (P<0.001). The lowest enzyme activity was in the MGF and LGF groups. Hence, it was concluded that the arginase enzyme might play a crucial role in cell division, proliferation and differentiation in the ovarian tissues (especially the CH) of mature cows.Arginaza je posljednji enzim u ciklusu ureje koji katalizira hidrolizu L-arginina u L-ornitin i ureju. Cilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi prisutnost aktivnosti arginaze u ovarijskim strukturama kao što su Graafovi folikuli, GF (srednje veliki - M i veliki - L), corpus haemorrhagicum (CH) i različiti tipovi corpus luteum (CL) kao što su ciklični (CCL), 2-4 mjeseca graviditetni (2-4 MCL) i 4-7 mjeseci graviditetni (4-7 MCL). Tkiva ovarija od 62 krave (švicarske smeđe pasmine i križanaca u dobi od 7 do 10 godina) prikupljena su u lokalnoj klaonici. Materijali su bili podijeljeni u 6 pokusnih skupina kako slijedi: MGF skupina (n = 7), LGF skupina (n = 21), CH skupina (n = 7), CCL skupina (n = 6), 2-4 MCL skupina (n = 9) i 4-7 MCL skupina (n = 12). Slijedom navedenih skupina, aktivnost arginaze bila je 0,056 ± 0,017, 0,100 ± 0,016, 2,517 ± 0,521, 0,827 ± 0,190, 0,674 ± 0,106 i 0,833 ± 0,093 U/mg. Aktivnost arginaze u CH skupini bila je signifikantno viša u odnosu na skupine CCL, 2-4 MCL i 4-7 MCL (P<0,001). Najniža aktivnost enzima bila je u skupinama MGF i LGF. Zaključeno je o mogućoj ključnoj ulozi aktivnosti enzima arginaze u diobi stanica, proliferaciji i diferencijaciji ovarijskih tkiva (osobito CH) kod odraslih krava