Fundamentals of Quantum Gravity

The outline of a recent approach to quantum gravity is presented. Novel ingredients include: (1) Affine kinematical variables; (2) Affine coherent states; (3) Projection operator approach toward quantum constraints; (4) Continuous-time regularized functional integral representation without/with constraints; and (5) Hard core picture of nonrenormalizability. The ``diagonal representation'' for operator representations, introduced by Sudarshan into quantum optics, arises naturally within this program.Comment: 15 pages, conference proceeding

The Affine Quantum Gravity Program

The central principle of affine quantum gravity is securing and maintaining the strict positivity of the matrix \{\hg_{ab}(x)\} composed of the spatial components of the local metric operator. On spectral grounds, canonical commutation relations are incompatible with this principle, and they must be replaced by noncanonical, affine commutation relations. Due to the partial second-class nature of the quantum gravitational constraints, it is advantageous to use the recently developed projection operator method, which treats all quantum constraints on an equal footing. Using this method, enforcement of regularized versions of the gravitational operator constraints is formulated quite naturally by means of a novel and relatively well-defined functional integral involving only the same set of variables that appears in the usual classical formulation. It is anticipated that skills and insight to study this formulation can be developed by studying special, reduced-variable models that still retain some basic characteristics of gravity, specifically a partial second-class constraint operator structure. Although perturbatively nonrenormalizable, gravity may possibly be understood nonperturbatively from a hard-core perspective that has proved valuable for specialized models. Finally, developing a procedure to pass to the genuine physical Hilbert space involves several interconnected steps that require careful coordination.Comment: 16 pages, LaTeX, no figure

The challenge of the chiral Potts model

The chiral Potts model continues to pose particular challenges in statistical mechanics: it is ``exactly solvable'' in the sense that it satisfies the Yang-Baxter relation, but actually obtaining the solution is not easy. Its free energy was calculated in 1988 and the order parameter was conjectured in full generality a year later. However, a derivation of that conjecture had to wait until 2005. Here we discuss that derivation.Comment: 22 pages, 3 figures, 29 reference

The structure of the C4 cluster radical

The first infrared spectrum of gas phase, jet-cooled C4 has been measured by high resolution diode laser absorption spectroscopy. Twelve rovibrational transitions are assigned to the nu3(sigmau) antisymmetric stretch of linear 3Sigma - g C4. No evidence is observed for the bent structure of triplet C4 recently observed in a matrix study by Cheung and Graham [J. Chem. Phys. 91, 6664 (1989)]. Indeed, the measured band origin (1548.9368(21) cm^–1) and effective ground state C–C bond length [1.304 31(21)A] are consistent with several ab initio predictions of a rigid, linear, cumulenic structure for this cluster radical

On the role of coherent states in quantum foundations

Coherent states, and the Hilbert space representations they generate, provide ideal tools to discuss classical/quantum relationships. In this paper we analyze three separate classical/quantum problems using coherent states, and show that useful connections arise among them. The topics discussed are: (1) a truly natural formulation of phase space path integrals; (2) how this analysis implies that the usual classical formalism is ``simply a subset'' of the quantum formalism, and thus demonstrates a universal coexistence of both the classical and quantum formalisms; and (3) how these two insights lead to a complete analytic solution of a formerly insoluble family of nonlinear quantum field theory models.Comment: ICQOQI'2010, Kiev, Ukraine, May-June 2010, Conference Proceedings (9 pages

The Utility of Coherent States and other Mathematical Methods in the Foundations of Affine Quantum Gravity

Affine quantum gravity involves (i) affine commutation relations to ensure metric positivity, (ii) a regularized projection operator procedure to accomodate first- and second-class quantum constraints, and (iii) a hard-core interpretation of nonlinear interactions to understand and potentially overcome nonrenormalizability. In this program, some of the less traditional mathematical methods employed are (i) coherent state representations, (ii) reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces, and (iii) functional integral representations involving a continuous-time regularization. Of special importance is the profoundly different integration measure used for the Lagrange multiplier (shift and lapse) functions. These various concepts are first introduced on elementary systems to help motivate their application to affine quantum gravity.Comment: 15 pages, Presented at the X-International Conference on Symmetry Methods in Physic

The C9 cluster: Structure and infrared frequencies

The high resolution infrared spectrum of the C9 cluster has been measured in direct absorption by infrared diode laser spectroscopy of a pulsed supersonic carbon cluster jet. Fifty-one rovibrational transitions have been assigned to the nu6 (sigmau ) antisymmetric stretch fundamental of the 1Sigma + 9 linear ground state of C9. The measured rotational constant [429.30(50) MHz] is in good agreement with ab initio calculations and indicates an effective bond length of 1.278 68(75) Å, consistent with cumulenic bonding in this cluster. Several perturbations are observed in the upper state, and the upper- and lower-state centrifugal distortion constants are observed to be anomolously large, evidencing a high degree of Coriolis mixing of the normal modes

Norm-conserving Hartree-Fock pseudopotentials and their asymptotic behavior

We investigate the properties of norm-conserving pseudopotentials (effective core potentials) generated by inversion of the Hartree-Fock equations. In particular we investigate the asymptotic behaviour as $\mathbf{r} \to \infty$ and find that such pseudopotentials are non-local over all space, apart from a few special special cases such H and He. Such extreme non-locality leads to a lack of transferability and, within periodic boundary conditions, an undefined total energy. The extreme non-locality must therefore be removed, and we argue that the best way to accomplish this is a minor relaxation of the norm-conservation condition. This is implemented, and pseudopotentials for the atoms H$-$Ar are constructed and tested.Comment: 13 pages, 4 figure

Angular measurement system Patent

Characteristics and performance of electrical system to determine angular rotatio