Case report: Flow changes in routes of collateral circulation in patients with LVO and low NIHSS: a point favor to treat

The effectiveness of endovascular thrombectomy in patients presenting low National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores remains controversial, and the acquisition of additional evidence is required to refine the selection of candidates who may benefit the most from this therapeutic modality. In this study, we present the case of a 62-year-old individual, with left internal carotid occlusion stroke and low NIHSS, who had compensatory collateral flow from Willis polygon via the anterior communicating artery. The patient subsequently exhibited neurological deterioration and collateral flow failure from Willis polygon, indicating the need for urgent intervention. The study of collaterals in patients with large vessel occlusion stroke has garnered considerable attention, with research suggesting that individuals with low NIHSS scores and poor collateral profiles may be at a heightened risk of early neurological deterioration. We postulate that such patients may derive significant benefits from endovascular thrombectomy, and may posit that an intensive transcranial Doppler monitoring protocol could facilitate the identification of suitable candidates for such intervention

O PERFIL EPIDEMIOLÓGICO DAS ARBOVIROSES NO BRASIL DE 2017 A 2022: UMA ANÁLISE DO IMPACTO DA PANDEMIA DE COVID-19

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the landscape of Brazilian public health, which was marked by arboviral diseases such as Dengue, Zika, Chikungunya, and Yellow Fever. The sudden need for a reorganization of the healthcare system and the fear of contracting COVID-19 contributed to the modification of the epidemiological profile of various diseases, potentially impacting the distribution of arboviruses. Objectives: This study aims to conduct an analysis of the epidemiological profile of arboviral diseases between the years 2017 and 2022, seeking to understand how the distribution of these diseases occurred before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional, analytical, descriptive, and quantitative study that aims to conduct a retrospective epidemiological investigation. It used data made available by the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System (DATASUS) of the Ministry of Health. The data used pertained to the main arboviral diseases affecting Brazil, covering the years 2017 to 2022. Results: According to the present study, in Brazil, between 2017 and 2022, the year with the highest notification of arboviral diseases was 2019. Meanwhile, the years 2017 and 2018 had the lowest notification of cases of these diseases. Additionally, the notification of arboviral diseases was concentrated in the Southeast region, the most affected age group was 20 to 39 years, and there was a prevalence of cases in female individuals. Conclusions: The reduction in cases in 2020 and 2021, compared to 2019 and 2022, is noteworthy. As several studies suggest, this reduction may be due to possible underreporting. However, new studies should be conducted to develop and subsequently test the most plausible hypotheses regarding the transmission of arboviral diseases during the pandemic period to arrive at a plausible conclusion on this topic.  Introdução: A pandemia da COVID-19 mudou o cenário da saúde pública brasileira, que era marcado pelas arboviroses Dengue, Zika, Chikungunya e Febre Amarela. A necessidade de uma reorganização repentina do sistema de saúde e o medo de contrair a COVID-19 contribuíram para a modificação do perfil epidemiológico de diversas doenças, tendo um possível impacto na distribuição dos arbovírus. Objetivos: Esse estudo busca realizar uma análise do perfil epidemiológico das arboviroses entre os anos de 2017 e 2022, visando entender como ocorreu a distribuição dessas doenças antes e durante a pandemia de Covid-19. Materiais e métodos: Trata-se de um estudo de caráter transversal, analítico, descritivo e quantitativo, que almeja realizar uma investigação epidemiológica retrospectiva, o qual utilizou dados disponibilizados pelo Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (DATASUS) do Ministério da Saúde. Os dados utilizados foram acerca das principais arboviroses que acometem o Brasil. A pesquisa abrange os anos de 2017 a 2022. Resultados: Segundo o presente estudo, no Brasil, entre 2017 e 2022, o ano com maior notificação das arboviroses foi o de 2019. Enquanto isso, os anos de 2017 e 2018 apresentaram a menor notificação de casos dessas doenças. Além disso, a notificação das arboviroses concentrou-se na região Sudeste, a faixa etária mais afetada foi relativa a 20 a 39 anos e houve prevalência de casos em indivíduos do sexo feminino. Conclusões: Destaca-se a redução dos casos nos anos de 2020 e 2021, quando comparados com 2019 e 2022. Essa redução, como diversos estudos apontam, deve-se a uma possível subnotificação. Porém, novos estudos devem ser realizados para elaboração e, consequentemente, teste das hipóteses mais plausíveis acerca da transmissão das arboviroses no período pandêmico para que se efetive uma conclusão plausível a respeito deste tópico

Chemical composition and antiproliferative activity of <i>Croton campestris</i> A.St.-Hil. essential oil

<p>Herein, the antiproliferative potential of the essential oil obtained from fresh leaves of <i>Croton campestris</i> against human tumour cell lines was investigated for the first time. Furthermore, the essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation had the composition determined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Ten major components were identified that comprised 91.59% of the total content, with 23.8% consisting of <i>(Z)</i>-caryophyllene and 16.08% consisting of <i>γ</i>-elemene as main components. The cytotoxic activity was observed mainly for breast (MCF-7) and colon (HT-29) human tumour cell lines, with GI₅₀ (50% growth inhibition) concentration of 8.61 and 9.94 μg/mL, respectively. The results of this study showed that the essential oil obtained from <i>Croton campestris</i> A.St.-Hil. represents a potential source for the search of new antitumour agents.</p