Cholecystokinin B Receptor from Human Jurkat Lymphoblastic T Cells Is Involved in Activator Protein-1-Responsive Gene Activation

SUMMARY The aim of this study was to analyze the role of cholecystokinin (CCK B ) receptor in human lymphoblastic Jurkat T cells. We investigated the trophic effect resulting from activation of such a receptor by using the reporter gene strategy. For this purpose, we transiently transfected Jurkat T cells with the reporter plasmid p[(TRE)3-tk-Luc] and found that CCK-8 was able to dose-dependently induce luciferase expression related to activator protein-1 (AP-1) activation with a maximal response identical to that obtained with compounds known to activate AP-1 complex (quantitatively, the same level of induction was obtained with 1 nM 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, 100 M diacylglycerol, or 4 nM epidermal growth factor). The involvement of the CCK B receptor in such a stimulation was demonstrated by the inhibiting effect of the selective CCK B receptor antagonist 158. This effect was confirmed in COS-7 cells transfected with the cDNA of CCK B receptor cloned from Jurkat T cells. To better understand the AP-1-dependent luciferase expression in Jurkat T cells, we tested two specific inhibitors of serine/threonine phosphatases-1 and -2A: okadaic acid and calyculin A. These compounds strongly increased the phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate response, whereas we have not observed a contribution of phosphatase inhibitors on a CCK-8-induced luciferase activity. To confirm that CCK B receptors are involved in AP-1 response, we investigated the CCK-8 effect on interleukin-2 expression, a natural endogenous gene regulated by several factors, including AP-1. In Jurkat T cells activated by phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate and phytohemagglutinin, CCK-8 induced IL-2 expression. This induction was abolished by PD-135,158. Our results indicate that CCK-8 exerts a trophic effect in Jurkat T cells through stimulation of CCK B receptors by modulation of expression of AP-1-regulated genes. Several studies have shown that various gastrointestinal peptides may be involved in the control of proliferation of various tissues and neoplastic cells (1). For example, CCK was shown to increase growth of tumors in nude mice bearing transplanted pancreatic cancer tissues (2). CCK is also known to increase the number of animals developing nitrosamine-induced pancreatic cancers (3), and CCK was shown to increase the rate of growth of cultured pancreatic cancer cells (2). Similar observations were described for bombesin/ gastrin-releasing peptide in human glioblastoma in vitro and in vivo in small-cell lung carcinoma, prostatic, mammary, and pancreatic cancer cell lines (1). In addition, gastrointestinal peptides can function as autocrine growth factors in neoplastic tissues as shown for bombesin/gastrin-releasing peptide in small-cell lung carcinoma cells, for gastrin an

Cholecystokinin B Receptor from Human Jurkat Lymphoblastic T Cells Is Involved in Activator Protein-1-Responsive Gene Activation

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Contribution of Supercritical Fluid Chromatography coupled to High Resolution Mass Spectrometry and UV detections for the analysis of a complex vegetable oil – Application for characterization of a Kniphofia uvaria extract

AbstractLipids are an important and diverse group of naturally occurring organic compounds present in all biological entities. They play many essential roles in the survival of the organisms. Analysis of lipids is extremely complex due to their large variety of chemistries. In this work, we describe an innovative method for the characterization of the lipid composition in a complex and unknown vegetable oil: an extract of Kniphofia uvaria seeds; using Supercritical Fluid Chromatography (SFC) coupled to Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization (APCI), High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS) and UV detections. Thanks to the properties of supercritical CO2 allowing the use of a large number of chromatographic columns, an effective separation for this complex matrix was obtained

Targeting IL-5/5R for the treatment of idiopathic chronic eosinophilic pneumonia

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Les formes de l'échange

La communication, entendue à la fois comme l’établissement d’une relation interpersonnelle et un système de transmission d’informations, intéresse l’histoire des régulations sociales. Elle présente deux caractéristiques importantes pendant la longue période qui va de l’Antiquité au XVIIIe siècle : les langues n’y étaient pas encore des marqueurs d’identités nationales et, en ces siècles où le télégraphe, le téléphone et l’Internet n’existaient pas, la diffusion de toute information demeurait tributaire de la distance et de la lenteur des moyens de transport. Pour étudier la manière dont les individus se sont parlé et dont des institutions comme l’État et l’Église ont échangé des renseignements et des informations, deux thèmes ont retenu l’attention des auteurs de ce recueil : l’usage de la langue comme mode de régulation sociale, et la question des processus de communication et de diffusion de l’information. L’usage de la langue ne concerne pas les seuls linguistes. L’intérêt porté récemment aux transfuges, aux « renégats » et aux intermédiaires a incité des historiens à étudier les pidgins et les métissages linguistiques. Ce renouvellement de la recherche permet de privilégier ici trois questions : le rapport entre langue et identité, la langue que les missionnaires devaient utiliser à l’époque médiévale pour convertir, et l’histoire singulière des langues savantes ou imaginaires porteuses de rêves d’universalité. La « circulation de l’information », concept commode mais discutable, car l’information n’est pas un objet que l’on déplace, peut être comprise comme un processus de communication. Sensibles à son importance dans la vie politique, commerciale et culturelle, les historiens en font aujourd’hui un objet d’étude. Dans ce volume, ils mettent l’accent sur les vecteurs de diffusion de l’information (courriers officiels, journaux intimes, périodiques), sur la manière dont l’Église et des ordres religieux utilisèrent - et manipulèrent - l’information, et sur les moyens dont disposaient les gouvernements et les civils pour obtenir des renseignements en temps de guerre

Spectrum and prognosis of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody–associated vasculitis-related bronchiectasis: Data from 61 patients

International audienceObjective.To report on a large series of patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody(ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) and bronchiectasis, with a specific focus on the timeline of occurrence of both features. Methods. Retrospective nationwide multicenter study of patients diagnosed with both AAV and bronchiectasis. Results. Sixty-one patients were included, among whom 27 (44.25%) had microscopic polyangiitis (MPA), 27 (44.25%) had granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), and 7 (11.5%) had eosinophilic GPA. Thirty-nine (64%) had myeloperoxidase (MPO)-ANCA and 13 (21%) had proteinase 3–ANCA. The diagnosis of bronchiectasis either preceded (n = 25; median time between both diagnoses: 16 yrs, IQR 4–54 yrs), was concomitant to (n = 12), or followed (n = 24; median time between both diagnoses: 1, IQR 0–6 yrs) that of AAV. Patients in whom bronchiectasis precedes the onset of AAV (B-AAV group) have more frequent mononeuritis multiplex, MPA, MPO-ANCA, and a 5-fold increase of death. The occurrence of an AAV relapse tended to be protective against bronchiectasis worsening (HR 0.6, 95% CI 0.4–0.99, P = 0.049), while a diagnosis of bronchiectasis before AAV (HR 5.8, 95% CI 1.2–28.7, P = 0.03) or MPA (HR 18.1, 95% CI 2.2–146.3, P = 0.01) were associated with shorter survival during AAV follow-up. Conclusion. The association of bronchiectasis with AAV is likely not accidental and is mostly associated with MPO-ANCA. Patients in whom bronchiectasis precedes the onset of AAV tend to have distinct clinical and biological features and could carry a worse prognosis

L'eau à découvert

Indispensable à la régulation du climat, au développement de la vie sur Terre, au maintien des écosystèmes, aux populations, au développement de l'agriculture, de l'industrie comme à la production d'énergie, l'eau est un élément vital. Il convient donc, dans un contexte de changement global, d'analyser dans toute sa diversité la place et le rôle de l'eau et de se donner ainsi les moyens de mieux la préserver. Autour de cet enjeu qui engage toute l'humanité, Agathe Euzen, Catherine Jeandel et Rémy Mosseri ont réuni près de cent cinquante contributions, visant à apporter un éclairage sur chacun des domaines et des approches que couvre cette thématique. Quelle est l'origine de l'eau ? Son rapport avec l'apparition de la vie ? Quel rôle a-t-elle joué dans l'histoire de la planète et dans le développement de la vie végétale, animale et humaine ? Quel est son cycle ? Quelles sont ses propriétés chimiques ? Comment les sociétés se sont-elles emparées de cet élément précieux ? Allons-nous manquer d'eau ? L'eau est-elle source de conflits ? Comment l'eau est-elle gérée ? Comment recycle-t-on une eau polluée ? Quels sont les risques pour la santé mondiale ? Quels sont les grands enjeux liés à l'eau au xxie siècle ? Comprendre et proposer des solutions à ces défis majeurs est l'intention de cet ouvrage

Fractional Flow Reserve to Guide Treatment of Patients With Multivessel Coronary Artery Disease

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