17 research outputs found

    A qualitative study of a psychiatric emergency

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    This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licens

    How do social interactions with a significant other affect PTSD symptoms? An empirical investigation with a clinical sample

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    Social support and coping are both related to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, but the mechanisms underlying their relationships remain unclear. This study explores these relationships by examining the perceived frequency of supportive and countersupportive interactions with a significant other in PTSD patients. Ninety-six participants with PTSD were recruited and completed questionnaires assessing social interactions, ways of coping, and PTSD symptoms. Associations of social interactions (r2 = 4.1%–7.9%, p < .05) and coping (r2 = 15.9%– 16.5%, p < .001) with symptoms were independent, and suggested a direct association between social interactions and PTSD. Countersupportive interactions were more associated to symptoms than supportive interactions. Our findings suggest the development of psychotherapies that integrate social support interventions

    Oseltamivir-Resistant Pandemic A/H1N1 Virus Is as Virulent as Its Wild-Type Counterpart in Mice and Ferrets

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    The neuraminidase inhibitor oseltamivir is currently used for treatment of patients infected with the pandemic A/H1N1 (pH1N1) influenza virus, although drug-resistant mutants can emerge rapidly and possibly be transmitted. We describe the characteristics of a pair of oseltamivir-resistant and oseltamivir-susceptible pH1N1 clinical isolates that differed by a single change (H274Y) in the neuraminidase protein. Viral fitness of pH1N1 isolates was assessed in vitro by determining replication kinetics in MDCK α2,6 cells and in vivo by performing experimental infections of BALB/c mice and ferrets. Despite slightly reduced propagation of the mutant isolate in vitro during the first 24 h, the wild-type (WT) and mutant resistant viruses induced similar maximum weight loss in mice and ferrets with an identical pyrexic response in ferrets (AUC of 233.9 and 233.2, P = 0.5156). Similarly, comparable titers were obtained for the WT and the mutant strains on days 1, 3, 6 and 9 post-infection in mouse lungs and on days 1–7 in ferret nasal washes. A more important perivascular (day 6) and pleural (days 6 and 12) inflammation was noted in the lungs of mice infected with the H274Y mutant, which correlated with increased pulmonary levels of IL-6 and KC. Such increased levels of IL-6 were also observed in lymph nodes of ferrets infected with the mutant strain. Furthermore, the H274Y mutant strain was transmitted to ferrets. In conclusion, viral fitness of the H274Y pH1N1 isolate is not substantially altered and has the potential to induce severe disease and to disseminate

    Caractérisation de la P-glycoprotéine des capillaires cérébraux et tissus sains

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    ThÚse numérisée par la Direction des bibliothÚques de l'Université de Montréal

    Pratiques d’enseignement en littĂ©ratie auprĂšs d’élĂšves prĂ©sentant une dĂ©ficience intellectuelle de moyenne Ă  sĂ©vĂšre : recension intĂ©grative des Ă©crits scientifiques

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    L’élĂšve prĂ©sentant une dĂ©ficience intellectuelle de moyenne Ă  sĂ©vĂšre prĂ©sente des limitations cognitives qui le met Ă  risque de vivre une situation de handicap en littĂ©ratie (lecture, Ă©criture et oral). Or, des recherches n’ont pas permis d’identifier, dans les Ă©crits scientifiques, des recensions antĂ©rieures s’intĂ©ressant aux pratiques d’enseignement de la littĂ©ratie (lecture, Ă©criture et oral) auprĂšs d’élĂšves ĂągĂ©s de 5 Ă  19 ans ayant une DI-MS. Il s’agit de l’objet de cet article. La mĂ©thode de recension intĂ©grative a permis d’analyser 21 articles scientifiques publiĂ©s au cours des 10 derniĂšres annĂ©es. Les recherches analysĂ©es traitent de la conscience phonologique, du dĂ©codage, de la reconnaissance de mots, de la comprĂ©hension et de la calligraphie. Un des constats majeurs de cette recension est que les recherches concernent beaucoup la lecture, laissant de cĂŽtĂ© l’écriture et l’oral.Students with moderate to severe intellectual disability have cognitive limitations that put them at risk of experiencing a literacy disability (reading, writing and speaking). However, research has not made it possible to identified any previous reviews in the scientific literature on literacy teaching practices (reading, writing and speaking) with students aged 5 to 19 years with an DI-MS. This is the focus of this article. The integrative review method was used to analyze 21 scientific articles published over the past 10 years. The research analyzed deals with phonological awareness, decoding, word recognition, comprehension and calligraphy. One of the major findings of this review is that the research largely concerns reading, leaving aside writing and speaking

    Low hemagglutinin antigen dose influenza vaccines adjuvanted with AS03 alter the long-term immune responses in BALB/c mice

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    We investigated the long-term immune profiles of dose-sparing, AS03-adjuvanted vaccines compared to a traditional high-dose, unadjuvated influenza vaccine formulation. BALB/c mice received 2 IM injections of influenza A/Uruguay/716/2007 (H3N2) split vaccine antigen: high-dose (HD) (3 ”g hemagglutinin (HA)/dose) or low-dose (LD) formulations (0.03 ”g or 0.003 ”g HA) with AS03 and were followed to 34 weeks post-boost (pb). We examined serologic responses, spleen and bone marrow (BM) HA-specific antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) by ELISpot, influenza-specific cytokine/chemokine production in re-stimulated splenocytes by multiplex ELISA, and antigen-specific CD4+ T cells that express cytokines (IL-2, IFNγ, TNFα and IL-5) by flow cytometry. All formulations elicited robust serum antibody titers that persisted for at least 34 weeks. The number of antigen-specific ASCs in the spleen and BM were higher in the 2 LD +AS03 groups, but despite having fewer ASCs, the average spot size in the HD-unadjuvanted group was larger at later time-points, suggesting greater antibody production per cell. Striking differences in the long-term profiles induced by the different vaccine formulations may contribute to these different ASC profiles. The HD-unadjuvanted vaccine elicited strong Th2 cytokines during the first 6 weeks pb but LD+AS03 groups generated broader, more durable responses at later timepoints. Finally, the 0.03 ”g HA+AS03 group generated the greatest number of antigen-specific CD4+ T cells and the highest percentage of poly-functional cells that expressed 2 or more cytokines. Although all of the tested vaccines induced durable antibody responses, we show that different vaccine formulations (dose-sparing, adjuvant) generate distinct long-term immune profiles. Furthermore, our data suggest that the different profiles may be generated through unique mechanisms

    Connaissances et utilisation des mĂ©thodes contraceptives et de la contraception d’urgence par les Ă©tudiantes quĂ©bĂ©coises de niveau collĂ©gial et universitaire : rĂ©sultats de deux enquĂȘtes complĂ©mentaires

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    L’objectif de cet article est de prĂ©senter une mise Ă  jour sur l’utilisation des mĂ©thodes contraceptives, y compris la contraception d’urgence, chez les femmes sexuellement actives qui frĂ©quentent les cĂ©geps et les universitĂ©s du QuĂ©bec. Cet article puise dans deux Ă©tudes sur la santĂ© sexuelle menĂ©es en milieu collĂ©gial et universitaire (ESS-UQAM et PIXEL). Les principaux constats de ces Ă©tudes rĂ©alisĂ©es auprĂšs d’un Ă©chantillon de 1812 universitaires (ESS-UQAM) et d’un Ă©chantillon de 921 Ă©tudiantes recrutĂ©es dans 17 cĂ©geps et 7 universitĂ©s (PIXEL) rĂ©vĂšlent que, globalement, la proportion d’étudiantes quĂ©bĂ©coises utilisant des mĂ©thodes contraceptives efficaces est Ă©levĂ©e et que la non-utilisation de contraception est faible (entre 2,9 % et 6 %). L’utilisation de mĂ©thodes contraceptives semble varier selon le parcours migratoire et l’orientation sexuelle des Ă©tudiantes. Ces rĂ©sultats sont discutĂ©s dans la perspective de faire Ă©merger certains des enjeux actuels en matiĂšre de contraception et d’orienter la prise de dĂ©cision Ă  l’égard d’interventions prĂ©ventives.This paper presents an update on the uses of contraceptive methods among young sexually active women attending college or university in Quebec. Results, drawn from two surveys of young adults’ sexual health, 1,812 university students (UQAM Study) and 921 students recruited in 17 colleges and 7 universities (PIXEL study), reveal that overall, contraceptive use rates in Quebec are high and the proportion of students who do not use contraception is low, although there are some variability according to migratory pattern and sexual orientation. These findings are discussed with the aim of highlighting some of the current contraceptive issues and guiding decision-making about preventive interventions
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