Genetic polymorphism of STAT1 and STAT5A genes in holstein, Jersey, and indigenous cattle breeds in Turkey

This study aimed to determine genetic polymorphism in STAT1 and STAT5A genes for dairy cattle and some native cattle breeds in Turkey. 283 Jersey and a total of 472 Holstein cows from two different herds and 93 Grey Steppe, 85 Anatolian Black Cattle, and 66 East Anatolian Red cattle were used in this research. Generally, C allele gene frequency was higher than T allele for STAT1 in all breeds whereas C allele gene frequency was detected higher than G allele for STAT5A in Jersey and East Anatolian Red. On the other hand, G allele gene frequency was higher than C allele in Holstein, Grey Steppe, and Anatolian Black Cattle breeds. The expected deviations from the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium were significant only for Jersey breeds for STAT1 gene. Meanwhile, the expected deviation from equilibrium was also significantly different for Holstein in Black Sea Region (BSR), Anatolian Black Cattle and Grey Steppe for the STAT5A gene. FIS values were determined to STAT1 gene as negative for all breeds except for Holstein in Marmara Region (MR). Similarly, this value was determined to STAT5A gene as positive for all breeds except for Holstein in BSR. The genetic distances for two loci were calculated between 0.0029 and 0.1599 among all populations. Depending on the cluster analysis, Holstein in BSR and MR, Anatolian Black Cattle, East Anatolian Red were closely clustered to each other, while Grey Steppe and Jersey were located in completely different clusters. As a conclusion, based on the detected genetic diversity in STAT1 and STAT5A genes, it is possible to make a genetic improvement among bovine breeds raised in Turkey. © 2020, Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi. All rights reserved

Flexible Alternatives to Modelswidely Used for Describing Growth in Japanese Quail

Mathematical functions for modeling the growth of animals are separated into two groups called fixed and flexible according to their inflection behaviors. The aims of this study were to compare fixed and flexible growth functions and to determine the best fit model for the growth data of Japanese quail. The long term growth patterns of Japanese quail were monitored during 110 days from day-old to slaughtering, and were analyzed. The fixed and flexible models used in the study were Gompertz, Logistic, Von Bertalanffy and Levakovich, Janoschek, Morgan Mercer Flodin, respectively. The differences in weight between growth profiles of female and male birds were tested via profile analysis also known as Repeated MANOVA. The results of Profile Analysis revealed that females' live weights were heavier (P<0.01). In order to evaluate growth functions, the R-2 (coefficient of determination), adjusted R-2 (adjusted coefficient of determination), MSE (mean square error), AIC (Akaike's information criterion) and BIC (Bayesian information criterion) goodness of fit criteria were used. In the study, it was determined that the best fit model from female and male quail growth data on the basis of these goodness of fit criteria is Janoschek model which has a flexible structure. The Janoschek model is not only important because it has a higher number of parameters with biological meaning than the other functions (the mature weight and initial weight parameters), but also because it was not previously used in the modeling of the quail growth

Biochemical polymorphism of erythrocyte potassium and glutathione protein: the relationship with some blood parameters in Kivircik sheep breed

This paper aims to search genetic structures of purebred Kivircik sheep raised in Turkey based on erythrocyte potassium and glutathione types and also to determine the relationship between these components and some blood parameters. The phenotypic frequencies were 68% for LK and 32% for HK erythrocyte potassium types in the purebred Kivircik breed. The allele gene frequency of K H and K L loci were calculated as 0.56 and 0.44 respectively. There was no relationship detected between gender factor and blood parameters. But, significant relationships were obtained between erythrocyte potassium types and some blood parameters (Na-wb, Na-e, K-wb, K-p, K-e, Na-e + K-e; p<0, 05). At the same time, the correlation coefficient between Ke and Nae was calculated as R = -0.58, (p<0.01). But, correlation coefficient was not significant between blood parameters and hematocrit value (PCV). All animals were detected as low types in terms of glutathione level (GSH(h)). The mean of erythrocyte glutathione was determined as 29.79 mg/dL in red blood cell. The mean of erythrocyte potassium concentrations (Ke) were 9.22 and 23.47 mmol/L for the LK and HK types of animals, respectively and the mean differences between LK and HK types were statistically important in this study (p<0.01).Namik Kemal University Scientific Research Project (NKUBAP)Namik Kemal University [NKUBAP00.24.YL.08.09]The authors thank the owners of the flock at Baris Topal for their help in collecting the blood samples. This study was supported by the Namik Kemal University Scientific Research Project (NKUBAP). Project No: NKUBAP00.24.YL.08.09

Determination of Body Weight-Age Relationship by Non-Linear Models in Japanese Quail

The objectives of this study were to determine the body weight-age with different models and to choose the best fitted model. The study was designed to collect a total of 8 weekly body weight records from 142 quails from birth up to 56 days of age in Tekirdag, Turkey, The Negative Exponential, Brody, Gompertz, Logistic and Bertalanffy Models were used to determine growth characteristics of quail in the present study. The model parameters were calculated for each model and the comparisons among the models were done based on the coefficient of determination (R(2)), adjusted coefficient of determination (R(adj)(2)), Mean Square Error (MSE), the Akaike's Information Criteria (AIC), Residual Standard Deviation (RSD) and Residual Mean (RIVI) as fit criteria. As a conclusion, the Logistic Model (R(2) = 0.98, R(2) = 0.97, MSE = 9.79, AIC = 20.49, RSD = 3.13 and RM = 6.42) resulted in the best fit model for body weight-age in Japanese quail

Erythrocyte potassium and glutathione polymorphism determination in Saanen x Malta crossbred goats

This research is aimed at determining the erythrocyte potassium and glutathione polymorphisms and also to identify the relationship among the various blood parameters in Saanen x Malta crossbred goat raised in Turkey. The allele gene frequencies of K-H and K-L associated with the potassium concentration were calculated as 0.94 and 0.06, respectively. The differences between the mean values of low and high potassium concentrations in erythrocyte were statistically significant (P < 0.01). In addition, there were some significant relationships between erythrocyte potassium types and some blood parameters such as whole blood sodium and potassium concentrations, erythrocyte sodium and potassium concentrations and total monovalent cation concentration in erythrocyte (P < 0.05). The allele gene frequencies of GSH(H) and GSH(h) related with the glutathione concentration were calculated as 0.43 and 0.57, respectively. The difference between the mean values of low and high glutathione erythrocyte concentrations were also statistically significant (P < 0.01). Finally, the significant correlation coefficient between erythrocyte sodium and potassium concentrations was observed in this study (P < 0.05).Namik Kemal UniversityNamik Kemal University [NKUBAP00.24.YL.08.10]The authors thank the owners of the flock and Gunay Yildiz, Cengizhan Erbas for their help in collecting the blood samples. This study was supported by the Namik Kemal University Scientific Research Project (NKUBAP). Project no: NKUBAP00.24.YL.08.10

Detennination of erythrocyte potassium and glutathione polymorphism in Saanen, Maltese and Turkish hair goats

Main purpose of this study was to investigate genetic polymorphisms of Saanen (S), Maltese (M) and Turkish Hair (TH) goats based on erythrocyte potassium and glutathione types. It was also designed to detect the association between these components and some blood parameters depending on the breed comparisons. The phenotypic and alleles frequencies were calculated for potassium and glutathione types of all three breeds. The difference between low and high potassium (LK and HK, respectively) types for the means of erythrocyte potassium concentration (Ke) were statistically important for all breeds (p&lt;O.Ol). The significant relationships between erythrocyte potassium types and blood parameters of erythrocyte sodium (Nae), whole blood potassium (Kwb), plasma potassium (Kp), erythrocyte potassium (Ke) were observed for S and TH goats. On the other hand, the important relationships were detected between erythrocyte potassium types and blood parameters of whole blood sodium (Nawb), Nae, KwbKp Ke, total monovalent cation concentration in erythrocyte (Nae+Ke) for M goat breed (p&lt;0.05). The correlation coefficient between Na, and K, blood parameters was important and it was ranged from -0.26 to -0.34. In addition, Maltese goat breeds had a higher K, than the others but Na, was higher in TH goats. Even if parity and birth type differences were not statistically important for all blood parameters, there was indication of significant differences for these values except hematocrit value (peV), N~ and GSH concentrations depending on the potassium types within breed (p&lt;0.05) and also among all breed analyses (p&lt;O.OOI). © Medwell Journals, 2011

Determination of Erythrocyte Potassium and Glutathione Polymorphism in Saanen, Maltese and Turkish Hair Goats

Main purpose of this study was to investigate genetic polymorphisms of Saanen (S), Maltese (M) and Turkish Hair (TH) goats based on erythrocyte potassium and glutathione types. It was also designed to detect the association between these components and some blood parameters depending on the breed comparisons. The phenotypic and alleles frequencies were calculated for potassium and glutathione types of all three breeds. The difference between low and high potassium (LK and HK, respectively) types for the means of erythrocyte potassium concentration (K-e) were statistically important for all breeds (p<0.01). The significant relationships between erythrocyte potassium types and blood parameters of erythrocyte sodium (Na-e), whole blood potassium (K-wb), plasma potassium (K-p), erythrocyte potassium (K-e) were observed for S and TH goats. On the other hand, the important relationships were detected between erythrocyte potassium types and blood parameters of whole blood sodium (Na-wb), Na-e K-wb, K-p, K-e, total monovalent cation concentration in erythrocyte (Na-e+K-e) for M goat breed (p<0.05). The correlation coefficient between Na-e and K-e blood parameters was important and it was ranged from -0.26 to -0.34. In addition, Maltese goat breeds had a higher K-e than the others but Na-e was higher in TH goats. Even if parity and birth type differences were not statistically important for all blood parameters, there was indication of significant differences for these values except hematocrit value (PCV), Na-p and GSH concentrations depending on the potassium types within breed (p<0.05) and also among all breed analyses (p<0.001)

Determination of the genetic polymorphism for DGAT1 gene in Holstein, Jersey and native cattle breeds of Turkey

This study was to determine the genetic polymorphism in terms of the DGAT1 gene among Holstein and Jersey and indigenous Native Black, East Anatolian Red and Grey Steppe in Turkey. The frequencies of K allele for the DGAT1 gene were calculated as 0.59, 0.54, 0.53, 0.62, 0.52, and 0.54 for Jersey, Holstein (Black Sea Region), Holstein (Marmara Region), and Grey Steppe, East Anatolian Red, and Native Black breeds, respectively. The F-IS values of the populations for the DGAT1 gene were detected all negative values. In overall population, F-IS value was found as 76%. The expected deviations from the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium in terms of the DGAT1 locus were found significant in these six different populations (P<0.01). The genetic distance values among the populations were calculated between 0.0001 and 0.0089. Based on the cluster analysis, Holstein, Native Black and East Anatolian Red were located in close cluster; however, Jersey and Grey Steppe were grouped in different cluster.Agriculture, Forestry and Veterinary Research Grant Committee (TOVAG) of The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) [110 O 821]The study was supported by Agriculture, Forestry and Veterinary Research Grant Committee (TOVAG) of The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) with project number #110 O 821

Determination of the association of GHR/Alul gene polymorphisms with milk yield traits in Holstein and Jersey cattle raised in Turkey

This research was carried out to determine the effect of a specific single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) region in exon 10 of the growth hormone receptor (GHR) gene on milk production traits in Jersey and Holstein cows raised in Turkey. Milk samples were recorded as a test day milk yield (TDMY) and an adjusted based 305 d milk yield (305-DMY). Also, milk component traits were detected. Based on the scope of this study, a total of 748 dairy cows, including 305 Holsteins raised in the Marmara Region and 163 Holstein and 280 Jersey raised in the Black Sea Region, were genotyped for the GHR gene using the RFLP-PCR technique. Jersey cows carrying the GG genotype (5.24 %) were associated with higher fat content (P < 0.05). Jersey cows with GG and AG also had a higher protein content (3.44 % and 3.38 %, respectively) (P < 0.05). Similarly, the protein content was the highest in Holstein cows with the GG genotype (3.46 %) (P < 0.01), whereas Holstein cows having AA genotypes displayed higher TDMY (24.64 kg/d) (P < 0.05) and 305-DMY (8472.4 kg) (P < 0.01). The estimated increase in milk protein and fat contents due to the G allele was 0.07 % and 0.22 % in the Jersey breed, respectively. On the other hand, allele A was highly related to an increase in protein yield and 305-DMY of 0.04 and about 675 kg in the Holstein breed, respectively. The GHR gene should be considered as a potential candidate gene in marker-assisted selection programs to improve the performance of milk and related traits in Turkey dairy cattle populations.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [110 O 821]The study was supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) with project number no. 110 O 821

Effects of lactation month and season on test-day milkyield and milk components in Holstein cows

This study aims to determine the correlations between the test-day milk yield (TDMY) and the fat and protein content as well as the fat and protein yields in Holstein dairy cows and to investigate the effects of lactation period and sampling season on these parameters. The study material consists of 1.380 records of a total of 151 head of Holstein dairy cows raised on a private farm in Samsun province. In the study, the mean TDMY, fat content, protein content, fat yield and protein yield were recorded as 20.6 +/- 5.10 kg, 3.97 +/- 0.734%, 3.23 +/- 0.276%, 0.81 +/- 0.210 kg and 0.66 +/- 0.160 kg, respectively. The effects of lactation period and sampling season on the TDMY, fat content, protein content, fat yield and protein yield were found statistically significant (P<0.01). Statistically significant negative correlations were determined between the TDMY and the fat and protein content, but positive and statistically significant (P<0.01) correlations between the TDMY and the fat and protein yields. In conclusion, it might be stated that the effects of lactation period and sampling season should also be taken into account to improve milk yield and milk components.TUBITAKTurkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [110 O 821]This study was supported by TUBITAK (Project no: 110 O 821