Task and ego goal orientations in competitive sport: a quantitative review of the literature from 1989 to 2016

Achievement goal theory (AGT) is a dominant theoretical framework. The purposes of this review were (1) to provide a summary of the task and ego goal orientations literature in competitive sport as measured by the Task and Ego Orientations in Sport Questionnaire (TEOSQ) or the Perceptions of Success in Sport Questionnaire (POSQ), (2) to test the interdependence of the two goal orientations, and (3) to provide the estimated means for both orientations across a number of historically examined moderator variables. 260 studies met inclusion criteria totaling 80,959 unique participants across 39 countries and 32 sports. Youth samples were nearly 50% of all included studies. The meta-analyzed intercorrelations (rw=.18, z=9.96, p<.000) supported the conceptualized interdependence of the two goal orientations. The estimated mean values were 4.15+.30 (task) and 3.04+.51 (ego). However, differences, POSQ compared to TEOSQ, existed in the estimated means (g=.92 task; g=1.09 ego). Thus, the TEOSQ and POSQ samples for the moderator variables (i.e. sex, sport level, sport type, and collective/individualistic countries) were examined separately. Results both supported and refuted the hypotheses and also differed by measure. Because of TEOSQ and POSQ inconsistencies, an additional analysis was undertaken to examine whether the TEOSQ and POSQ differed to a common correlate motivation climate. This analysis revealed measurement differences in the ego to ego climate relationships. In conclusion, AGT has been extensively researched in competitive sport. The inconsistent pattern of results raises a number of future research questions

Flow Experiences in Physical Education Classes: The Role of Perceived Motivational Climate and Situational Motivation

The purpose of this study was to determine the role of perceived motivational climate and situational motivation levels on dispositional flow in physical education classes. 242 boys (Mage=13.38; SD=0.95) and 251 girls (Mage=13.27; SD=0.88) a total of 493 secondary school students (Mage=13.32; SD=0.91) voluntarily participated in this study. Physical Education Situational Motivational Scale, Learning and Performance Orientation in Physical Education Classes Questionnaire and Physical Education Dispositional Flow Scale-2 were administered to all participants. Hierarchical regression analysis indicated that identified regulation, intrinsic motivation, pupil learning climate and teacher-initiated learning explained a significant amount of variance in dispositional flow in physical education (p&lt;0.05). The pupil learning climate, identified regulation and leisure time sport participation were the strongest predictors, respectively. These findings suggested that promoting mastery-oriented climate, self-determined situational motivation, and participation in sport will foster dispositional flow in the physical education setting

A Meta-Analytic Review of Achievement Goal Orientation Correlates in Competitive Sport: A Follow-Up to Lochbaum et al. (2016)

Recent quantitative research in competitive sport with the Task and Ego Orientations in Sport Questionnaire (TEOSQ) and Perceptions of Success Questionnaire (POSQ) pointed to a potential critical issue that the two questionnaires did not agree across a number tested hypotheses (Lochbaum, Kazak Çetinkalp, Graham, Wright, & Zazo, 2016). Thus, the present quantitative review examined whether correlates of the two achievement goal orientations were moderated by the two measures. To achieve this purpose, 772 unique correlates (489 TEOSQ, 283 POSQ; 402 task orientation, 370 ego orientation) from 93 studies spanning 1989-2016 from 32 countries with 26,387 participants were placed into 15 different categories and meta-analyzed. The task goal orientation was significantly and small to moderate in meaningfulness related to adaptive success factors (rw=.29), maladaptive success factors (rw=-.12), desirable behaviors (rw=.28), positive emotions (rw=.35), amotivation (rw=-.13), extrinsic motivation (rw=.20), external regulations (rw=.12), internal regulations (rw=.34), intrinsic motivation (rw=.47), the mastery/task climate (rw=.38), perceived competence (rw=.26), and trait selfesteem (rw=.35). The ego goal orientation was significantly and small in meaningfulness related to adaptive success factors (rw=.10), maladaptive success factors (rw=.12), negative emotions (rw=.11), undesirable behaviors (rw=.23), amotivation (rw=.16), extrinsic motivation (rw=.28), external regulation (rw=.21), intrinsic motivation (rw=.14), performance/ego climate (rw=.28), and perceived competence (rw=.17). The questionnaire measure was a significant moderator for the task goal orientation relationship with desirable behaviors (POSQ rw=.24; TEOSQ rw=.37), internal regulations (POSQ rw=.26; TEOSQ rw=.39), and trait self-esteem (POSQ rw=.45; TEOSQ rw=.32) and for the ego goal orientation relationship with performance/ego climate (POSQ rw=.34; TEOSQ rw=.24). Overall, the extent of the questionnaire type being a concern when examining correlates was fortunately minimal. Yet, differences in the two dominant measures exit. Recommendations for future research examining both the TEOSQ and POSQ were proposed

Diabetes-related molecular signatures in infrared spectra of human saliva

WOS: 000290261500001PubMed ID: 20630088Background: There is an ongoing need for improvements in non-invasive, point-of-care tools for the diagnosis and prognosis of diabetes mellitus. Ideally, such technologies would allow for community screening. Methods: In this study, we employed infrared spectroscopy as a novel diagnostic tool in the prediction of diabetic status by analyzing the molecular and sub-molecular spectral signatures of saliva collected from subjects with diabetes (n = 39) and healthy controls (n = 22). Results: Spectral analysis revealed differences in several major metabolic components - lipid, proteins, glucose, thiocyanate and carboxylate - that clearly demarcate healthy and diseased saliva. The overall accuracy for the diagnosis of diabetes based on infrared spectroscopy was 100% on the training set and 88.2% on the validation set. Therefore, we have established that infrared spectroscopy can be used to generate complex biochemical profiles in saliva and identify several potential diabetes-associated spectral features. Conclusions: Infrared spectroscopy may represent an appropriate tool with which to identify novel diseases mechanisms, risk factors for diabetic complications and markers of therapeutic efficacy. Further study into the potential utility of infrared spectroscopy as diagnostic and prognostic tool for diabetes is warranted

Soru 1- Trigliserit nedir? Normal fizyolojideki yeri nedir?

temel enerji kaynaklarından birini oluşturmalarıdır. Bu nedenle, oldukça stabil seyreden kolesterol değer- lerine karşılık TG değerleri çeşitli metabolik paramet- relerle ve diyetle yakından ilişki gösterir ve dalgalı bir seyir izler. Normal koşullarda bile TG düzeyleri di- ürnal değişkenlik gösterir ve gece saat 03:00 civarın- da en düşük değerdedir, sonrasında özellikle öğleden itibaren yükselerek akşamüzeri en yüksek düzeyine ulaşır. Bunun dışında, aynı diyet koşullarında bile TG düzeylerinde günden güne, aylık, mevsimlik ve yıl- lık değişiklikler %20-40 arasında değişebilir. Diürnal değişkenliğe ilave olarak aylık, mevsimsel ve yıllık olarak %24-%36'yı bulan değişimler de söz konusu- dur (Tablo 1).[8,9

Optimal performans duygu durumu ve fiziksel benlik algısı:|

Bu çalışmanın amacı, dansçılarda optimal performans duygu durumu ve fiziksel benlik algılarını belirlemektir. Çalışmaya farklı dans türlerinde yaş ortalamaları 21.95 2.47 olan 166 erkek ve 236 kadın olmak üzere toplam 402 dansçı katılmıştır. Dansçıların yarışmacılık düzeyleri amatörlükten profesyonelliğe değişmektedir. Bu çalışmada, dansçıların optimal performans duygu durumlar ve fiziksel benlik-algı düzeylerini ölçmek için Durumluk Optimal Performans Duygu Durum-2 Ölçeği ve Kendini Fiziksel Tanımlama Envanteri kullanılmıştır. Veriler, aritmetik ortalama ve standart sapma ve iki cinsiyet puanlarını karşılaştırmak için bağımsız gruplar için t testi olarak rapor edilmiştir. Daha sonra erkek ve kadın verileri ve tüm grup için Pearson korelasyon analizi ve adımsal çoklu regresyon analizi uygulanmıştır. Sonuçlar, kadın katılımcıların “koordinasyon”, “kuvvet” ve “dayanıklılık” alt boyutu ortalama puanlarının erkek katılımcıların ortalama puanlarından anlamlı biçimde düşük olduğu göstermiştir. “Koordinasyon” alt boyutunun Durumluk Optimal Performans Duygu Durumunu alt boyutlarının en önemli belirleyicisi olduğu belirlenmiştir

Optimal performans duygu durumu ve fiziksel benlik algısı: Dansçılar üzerine bir çalışma

The purpose of the present study was to examine dispositional flow state and physical self-perception levels in dancers. Participants were 402 dancers consisting of 166 male and 236 female with a mean of age 21.95 ? 2.47 years from different dance types. Competitive levels of dancers are ranging from the amateur to the professional. The Dispositional Flow Scale-2 and the Physical Self-Description Questionnaire were used to measure dancers? dispositional flow state and physical self-perceptions levels. Data are reported as means and standard deviations and independent samples t tests were calculated to compare the scores for the two gender. Then, Pearson correlation analysis and multiple regression analyses with stepwise were applied separately to data of men and women. The results indicated that female dancers? "coordination", "strength" and "endurance" subscales scores were lower than male dancers?. It has been found that coordination is the important predictor of dispositional flow subscales.Bu çalışmanın amacı, dansçılarda optimal performans duygu durumu ve fiziksel benlik algılarını belirlemektir. Çalışmaya farklı dans türlerinde yaş ortalamaları 21.95 ? 2.47 olan 166 erkek ve 236 kadın olmak üzere toplam 402 dansçı katılmıştır. Dansçıların yarışmacılık düzeyleri amatörlükten profesyonelliğe değişmektedir. Bu çalışmada, dansçıların optimal performans duygu durumlar ve fiziksel benlik-algı düzeylerini ölçmek için Durumluk Optimal Performans Duygu Durum-2 Ölçeği ve Kendini Fiziksel Tanımlama Envanteri kullanılmıştır. Veriler, aritmetik ortalama ve standart sapma ve iki cinsiyet puanlarını karşılaştırmak için bağımsız gruplar için t testi olarak rapor edilmiştir. Daha sonra erkek ve kadın verileri ve tüm grup için Pearson korelasyon analizi ve adımsal çoklu regresyon analizi uygulanmıştır. Sonuçlar, kadın katılımcıların ?koordinasyon?, ?kuvvet? ve ?dayanıklılık? alt boyutu ortalama puanlarının erkek katılımcıların ortalama puanlarından anlamlı biçimde düşük olduğu göstermiştir. ?Koordinasyon? alt boyutunun Durumluk Optimal Performans Duygu Durumunu alt boyutlarının en önemli belirleyicisi olduğu belirlenmişti