PERCEPTION OF THE BEHAVIORS OF THE COACHES OF FOOTBALL, VOLLEYBALL AND BASKETBALL PLAYERS

The aim of this study is to investigate the perception of the amateur football, volleyball, and basketball players and their coaches’ behaviour towards them. 100 amateur football, 60 volleyball and 62 basketball players that filled recognition survey fully are included to the study. Turkish version of Coach Behavior Rating Scale was used. One Way ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) and LSD (Least Significant Difference) tests were used for statically processing. There is no significant difference found in evaluation of coach behavior of football, volleyball, and basketball players in terms of personal rapport from subscales (p>0.05). A significant difference has been revealed in the sum of scale in physical training and goal setting at p<0.05 level and technical skills, mental preparation, competition strategies, negative personal rapport, and scale total score behavior of coach at p<0.001 level. There were differences according to branches. Technical skills and competition strategies have been found in volleyball more high from amateur football and basketball players. Negative personal rapport has been found in amateur footballers lower from volleyball and basketball players. Differences have been found in detection levels of amateur footballers, volleyball, and basketball players for coaches’ behaviour against them. A very useful outcome would be for a coach to produce a “Personal Improvement Behaviors” and set goals for the next of behaviours. According to branches, the reasons of differences in detection levels of coaches’ behaviors should be determined and eliminated.  Article visualizations

INVESTIGATION ON THE EFFECT OF SPORT AND ART EDUCATION ON BODY IMAGE

The purpose of this study is determining body image in individuals with sports and fine arts education. 137 male and 120 female, total of 257, sports and fine arts students were participated in the study. Body-Cathexis Scale (BCS) were used. Independent Samples t- test was used for statically processing. Body Image score according to gender found at male 77.96 and female 80.12. Body Image score found at sports students 74.05 and fine arts students 84.03. There was a significant no difference in between sports students and fine arts students in Body Image Score (p>0.05) in gender. There was a significant difference in between sports faculty and fine arts faculty according male and female students in Body Image Score at p<0.001 level. Female students are according male students under greater risk regarding the body image. Body image points were more positively at student of sports than student of fine art. It is thought that sport education affects body image more positively than fine arts education. Getting with sports education could contribute to a positive body image levels

DETERMINATION OF INDIVIDUALS' QUALITY OF LIFE AND EXERCISE HEALTH BELIEF LEVELS

The aim of this research is to determine the quality of life and exercise health belief levels of individuals residing in Sakarya and to determine the differentiation status of quality of life and exercise health belief levels according to their demographic characteristics. The sample of the study consists of 349 people selected by simple random sampling method from these participants. Personal Information Form, The Health Belief Model Scale for Exercise (HBMS-E)  and World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale - Short Form were used as data collection tools. In the analysis of the data, the t-test for pairwise comparisons and the One-Way Anova Test for multiple comparisons were applied to examine the differences between the variables. It was determined that the general averages of the participants' exercise health belief scale did not differ according to variables such as gender, marital status, regular exercise, age and income levels (p< 0.005). A statistically significant difference was found between the general averages of the quality of life scale and the age variable (p< 0.05). It was determined that there was a statistically significant difference between the general averages and all sub-dimensions of the exercise health belief scale and the education variable (p< 0.05). As a result, it has been determined that the educational status of the individuals participating in the research has a positive effect on their exercise health belief levels. As the age of individuals increases, it has been thought that it is an important determining factor in their quality of life

Effects of Multiple Sprint Test on Average Speed and Exercise Heart Rate in Amateur Soccer Players

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of multiple sprints on average speed and exercise heart rate of U18 female and U18 male amateur soccer players. In this study, totally 42 amateur soccer players including U18 (n= 21) and U18 (n=21) players performed 7 repetitive sprints of 34.2 meters with a 25 seconds jog of 50 meters distance. During exercise and recovery period, heart rate per minute was recorded by Polar Heart Rate Telemetry. In statistical analyzes, t-tests were used in two groups comparisons, while the effects of other variables on average speed and cardiovascular parameters were determined by two way analyzes of variance.Results of this study, U18 male players’ average speed of 5.14 m/ sec is higher than the U18 female players’ average speed of 4.62 m/sec. The physical characteristics of U18 male and U18 female amateur soccer players were different in favors of the U18 male players, and that gender was significantly effective on the average speed rather than the number of sprints.  Heart rate per minute has continually increased in different characteristics at the start, finish and recovery periods of the sprints until the finish of the seventh sprint in both amateur U18 male and U18 female. It found increase in the Sprint time were as follows; U18 female 0.40 sec and U18 male 0.20 second. Decrease in the average speed was U18 female 0.28 sec., and U18 male 0.15 second.Conclusion, in multiple speed tests, maximum and average speed of the U18 amateur female and male soccer players, the decrease rate in their speed and their cardiovascular responses show differences. In U18 Amateur, males seem to be faster and have the ability of keeping speed at a high level, and the ability of intensity and recovery in maximal level in a short time than the females.  In the Bangsbo test, the recovery time in men should be less than 25 seconds

Rousseau'da insan doğası ve değerler eğitimi

Rousseau considers human nature and everything arising from this nature as good as their original instances. Therefore, education should reveal the positive emotions in human nature, rather than to sculpt them. Rousseau’s thoughts in Emile, have been a great influence on the educators, especially on the values education approaches of modern education. In this article, we examine Rousseau’s negative education approach which acknowledges that human nature is merely good; and the importance of negative education has been discussed in the context of values education. In this context Rousseau’s original point of view on human nature has been examined in terms of its starting point, basic claims and main concepts. Rousseau’s approach to education and Rousseauian negative education concept were also discussed in terms of values education in the article. And finally, the article concludes dealing with the importance of negative education in today’s values education.Rousseau, insan doğasını ve bu doğadan kaynaklanan her şeyi ilk haliyle iyi kabul eder. Bu nedenle eğitimin insan doğasını törpülemeye dönük olmaması, insan doğasındaki olumlu duyguları açığa çıkarması gerektiği üzerinde durur. Rousseau’nun Emile adlı eserinde dile getirdiği bu düşüncelerin eğitimciler üzerinde büyük etkisi olmuş, özellikle modern eğitim yaklaşımlarının değer eğitimi anlayışlarına yön vermiştir. Bu makalede insan doğasının salt iyi olduğunu kabul eden Rousseau’nun negatif eğitim yaklaşımı incelenmiş, negatif eğitimin değerler eğitimi açısından önemi tartışılmıştır. Bu bağlamda Rousseau’nun özgün insan doğası anlayışı, çıkış noktası, temel iddiaları ve ana kavramları açısından irdelenmiştir. Rousseau’nun eğitim anlayışının değerler eğitimi açısından önemi ve Rousseaucu negatif eğitim anlayışının değerler eğitimine yansımaları da makale kapsamında ele alınmış, sonuç bölümünde negatif eğitim anlayışının günümüz değerler eğitimi açısından önemi tartışılmıştır

Comparison of Quadriceps Q-Angle Values of Soccer Players and Wrestlers

The aim of this study is to compare according to different positions the mean right and left knee Q angle of footballers and wrestlers. In this study, found the female soccer and wrestlers mean age 20.51 ± 3.47 years, height 165.43 ± 4.82 cm, weight 58.23 ± 5.18 kg. Male soccer and wrestlers has with mean age 21.30 ± 3.45 years, height 173.28 ± 5.45 cm, weight 65.66 ± 5.73 kg. One-way ANOVA, Student t, and Duncan post hoc test were used for statistical analysis. In this study, found that the mean right and left knee Q angles of male athletes were 15.08 ± 1.79° and 14.49 ± 1.82° for the standing position, 14.26 ± 1.84° and 13.29 ± 1.82° for the supine position.The mean right and left knee Q angles of Female athletes were 18.11 ± 1.32° and 17.90 ± 1.35° for the standing position, 17.52 ± 1.36°and 16.82 ± 1.29° for the supine position. In this study, were found abnormal results. The difference between the Q angle values of footballers and wrestlers was found to be statistically significant (p <0.001). The Q angle values for male soccer players were found 15.35 for standing right Q angle and 15.12 degrees for standing left Q angle and same values 14.80 and 13.86 degrees in the male wrestlers. Q angle values for women footballers were found 17.32 decrees for standing right Q angle and 17.22 degrees for standing left Q angle, and same values 18.90 and 18.58 degrees in the women wrestlers. Standing and supine Q angle values of Wrestlers in both men and women were found to be wider than the Q angle values of soccer athletes (p<0.001). The right Q- angle values of the athletes in the standing and supine position were found higher than the left Q-angle values (p <0.05).Conclusion: The Q angles were within the normal range for footballers and wrestlers. In standing positions Q angle is higher than from supine positions Q angle. Athlete's sex, pelvic width, tibia and femur length and dominant foot may increase the quadriceps Q angle

The Effects of Pilates and Aerobic Exercise on Blood Pressure, Heart Rates, and Blood Serum Lipids in Sedentary Females

The aim of this study was to determinate the effects of 12 weeks pilates and aerobic exercise on blood pressure, heart rates, and blood serum lipids in sedentary females. 18 sedentary women with an average age of 45.52 years, height of 161.14 cm and weight of 72.5 kg have been selected and put through a plates and aerobic exercise programmer one hour a day for three days a week. Exercises in each training session were arranged in such a way as to make each woman’s heart rate to reach a level of 130-140 a minute. The waist and hip circumferences were measured using a measuring tape. BMI and waist hip ratio were calculated by standard formulas. Triglyceride (TG), Total Cholesterol (TC), High density lipoprotein (HDL-C) and Low density lipoprotein (LDL-C) levels were determined by Hitachi 717 auto analyzer. Analysis was performed on SPSS 21 version. Paired-t tests were done statistical analysis. Body Weight found before 12 weeks plates and aerobic exercise 72.5 kg and after 63.8 kg. At the end of the 12 weeks exercise program, a decrease of %12.00 in body weight, %14.03 in systolic, %3.96 in diastolic, %13.85 in cholesterol, %25.30 in Triglyceride, and %22.33 in LDL-C have been registered. However, there were increases of %16.34 in HDL-C. The effects of aerobic exercise is on Triglyceride, HDL-C, LDL-C and total cholesterol since (p<0.01). At the end of the 12 weeks exercise program, a decrease %13.34 hip circumference and %4.19 waist circumference. Waist to hip ratio found before 12 weeks plates and aerobic exercise 0.87 cm and after 0.78 cm. The effects of aerobic exercise is on Body weight, Systolic blood pressure, Heart rate, hip and waist circumference since (p<0.05; p<0.01). In this study, together Pilates and aerobic exercise was effective in sedentary women with initially high total cholesterol, triglyceride, and Low density lipoprotein levels. At end of the cycles of 12 weeks Pilates and aerobic exercises, has a positive effect of waist to hip ratio, blood pressure, and heart beats in sedentary females. Risk of heart and vascular disease is reduced. Pilates and aerobic exercises are recommended for decrease risk

Decreased ocular pulse amplitude and retinal nerve fibre layer in multiple sclerosis

This study was conducted to assess ocular pulse amplitude and retinal nerve fibre layer in patients with multiple sclerosis and their correlation with disease duration and with severity. Retinal nerve fibre layer thickness was measured by Heidelberg Retinal Tomography II (HRT-II; Heidelberg Engineering, Dossenheim, Germany) and ocular pulse amplitude was measured by dynamic contour tonometry (Ziemer Ophthalmic Systems, Port, Switzerland) in 37 multiple sclerosis patients and 72 age- and gender-matched controls. Ocular pulse amplitude was significantly reduced and retinal nerve fibre layer was significantly thinner in temporal, superotemporal, and nasal sectors in patients with multiple sclerosis regardless of having an optic neuritis attack. The retinal nerve fibre layer was thinner in eyes with a previous optic neuritis attack compared with the eyes without an attack, but the difference was not significant. Ocular pulse amplitude showed a positive correlation with visual evoked potential amplitude and a negative correlation with visual evoked potential latency. Retinal nerve fibre layer thickness showed a significant negative correlation with the disease duration but not with visually evoked potential, disease severity, nor previous optic neuritis. These findings indicate that the process of degeneration starts in the early period of the disease, as our study group is composed of early-middle-stage multiple sclerosis patients, and is independent of relapses. © Informa Healthcare USA, Inc

Oxidative stress of crystalline lens in rat menopausal model

Purpose: To evaluate lenticular oxidative stress in rat menopausal models. Methods: Forty Wistar female albino rats were included in this study. A total of thirty rats underwent oophorectomy to generate a menopausal model. Ten rats that did not undergo oophorectomy formed the control group (Group 1). From the rats that underwent oophorectomy, 10 formed the menopause control group (Group 2), 10 were administered a daily injection of methylprednisolone until the end of the study (Group 3), and the remaining 10 rats were administered intraperitoneal streptozocin to induce diabetes mellitus (Group 4). Total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and oxidative stress index (OSI) measurements of the crystalline lenses were analyzed. Results: The mean OSI was the lowest in group 1 and highest in group 4. Nevertheless, the difference between the groups was not statistically significant in terms of OSI (p > 0.05). The mean TOS values were similar between the groups (p > 0.05), whereas the mean TAC of group 1 was significantly higher than that of the other groups (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Our results indicate that menopause may not promote cataract formation

Density of the crystalline lens in obese and nonobese children reply

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