Ecoestabilidad femenina y malnutrición severa infantil: Evidencia a partir de intervenciones de ayuda humanitaria de Acción Contra el Hambre en países africanos, Asiáticos y Latinoamericanos

Introducción: Evidencias previas han reportado diferencias en la condición nutricional de niños y niñas pertenecientes a la misma comunidad y sometidos a idénticas condiciones de privación alimentaria. El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar las diferencias sexuales en prevalencia de malnutrición severa en menores de 5 años, sometidos a situación de crisis alimentaria. Métodos: Se analizaron datos recogidos en intervenciones de ayuda humanitaria llevadas a cabo por Acción Contra el Hambre entre 2002 y 2010 en 24 países. Dichas intervenciones se efectuaron en poblaciones de Africa, Latinoamérica y Asia que se encontraban en situación de grave crisis alimentaria. La muestra se compone de un total de 367.258 menores (186,156 niños y 181,102 niñas) con edad (E) entre 6 y 59 meses. Se midió el peso (P) y la talla (T) siguiendo la metodología SMART y se estimó la prevalencia de severo bajo peso (P/E <-3DE), desnutrición aguda severa (P/T <-3DE) y desnutrición crónica severa (T/E <-3DE) de acuerdo a los estándares de la OMS. Resultados: Para el total de la muestra, la proporción de niños con severo bajo peso fue de 9,8% en comparación al 7,3% de niñas (p <0.001). La desnutrición aguda severa afectó al 3,9% de los niños frente al 2,5% de las niñas (p <0.001). Las diferencias también fueron notables en la des-nutrición crónica: el 19, 5% de los niños frente al 15% de las niñas (p<0,001) presentaron crecimiento retardado. Conclusiones: Los resultados avalan la idea de la deno-minada eco-estabilidad femenina, de acuerdo a la cual, las mujeres serian menos sensibles a los factores externos que modulan el desarrollo ontogénico, mientras los varones se ve-rían más negativamente afectados por las agresiones medio-ambientales

Aislamiento y eficiencia de levaduras nativas de tinas fermentadoras para maguey (Agave cupreata Trel. &amp; Berger)

Objective. Isolate and characterize the synergism of native microorganisms in maguey(Agave cupreata Trel. &amp;amp; Berger) fermentation vats to distill mezcal.Materials and methods: were scraped from the vat where the ground and formulatedAgave is fermented to generate the fermentation and obtain mezcal, they wereprocessed in selective media and a sieve was carried out first and then the sugarconversion efficiency.Results: two yeasts were conveniently found, which showed promising indicators for theconversion of sugars to alcohol, they were called ca strain one and the union of the twochosen, additionally they were subjected to the evaluation of parameters such as celldry weight, amount of ethanol produced (10.33 ±0.57 (c) and 12.57 ±0.57 (m)respectively and the determination of total reducing sugars (starting from 500 mg L -1 ).Limitations of the study / implications: it was subjected to an in vitro work, pendingthe efficiency in agave sugars and the concentration gradient.Conclusions: the consortium in comparison of an isolated strain produced a greaterquantity of alcohol regarding its growth in the medium after 32 h of fermentation at aconstant temperature of 37 °C and 160 rpm.Objetivo. aislar y caracterizar el sinergismo de microorganismos nativos de tinas de fermentación de maguey (Agave cupreata Trel. &amp;amp; Berger) para destilar mezcal.Materiales y métodos se recolectaron raspados de tina donde se fermenta el Agave molido y formulado para generar la fermentación y obtener mezcal, se procesaron en medios selectivos y se realizó primero un tamiz y posteriormente la eficiencia de conversión de azúcares,Resultados: se encontraron convenientemente dos levaduras, que mostraron indicadores prometedores para la conversión de azúcares a alcohol se les denomino c a la cepa uno y m a la unión de las dos elegidas, adicionalmente se sometieron a laevaluación de parámetros como peso seco celular, cantidad de etanol producido (10.33±0.57 (c) y 12.57 ±0.57 (m) respectivamente y la determinación de azúcares reductores totales (se partió de 500 mg L -1 ).Limitaciones del estudio/ implicaciones: se sometió a un trabajo in vitro quedando pendiente la eficiencia en azúcares de agave y el gradiente de concentración.Conclusiones: el consorcio en comparación de una cepa aislada produjo mayor cantidad de alcohol respecto su crecimiento en el medio a 32 h de fermentación a unatemperatura constante de 37 °C y 160 rpm

Poliextractos de plantas medicinales en bacterias asociadas a infecciones respiratorias agudas (IRAS) en pollos: Poliextratos de plantas medicinais sobre bactérias associadas a infecções respiratórias agudas em galinhas

Este trabalho de pesquisa teve como foco o desenvolvimento da formulação de um xarope à base de extratos vegetais de buganvília, canela, calêndula, eucalipto e ítamo para inibir o crescimento de S. aureus e S. pyogenes, bactérias associadas a infecções respiratórias. Determinar os metabólitos secundários nos extratos metanólicos de cada espécie, bem como avaliar a atividade antibacteriana dos extratos em xaropes, e sua capacidade antioxidante. Verificou-se que o extrato de eucalipto é o melhor para inibir as bactérias, assim como na forma de xarope, e o extrato de canela é o melhor antioxidante

Estudios históricos 8 : arquitectura y diseño

1 archivo PDF (157 páginas)Trabajo que se divide en tres apartados: arquitectura y ciudad; diseño gráfico e industrial; teoría; Al final se suma un apartado denominado "conferencias" que fueron impartidas por invitados de otros grupo académicos en el Seminario Anual de Historia del Diseño

Effectiveness of an intervention for improving drug prescription in primary care patients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy:Study protocol of a cluster randomized clinical trial (Multi-PAP project)

This study was funded by the Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias ISCIII (Grant Numbers PI15/00276, PI15/00572, PI15/00996), REDISSEC (Project Numbers RD12/0001/0012, RD16/0001/0005), and the European Regional Development Fund ("A way to build Europe").Background: Multimorbidity is associated with negative effects both on people's health and on healthcare systems. A key problem linked to multimorbidity is polypharmacy, which in turn is associated with increased risk of partly preventable adverse effects, including mortality. The Ariadne principles describe a model of care based on a thorough assessment of diseases, treatments (and potential interactions), clinical status, context and preferences of patients with multimorbidity, with the aim of prioritizing and sharing realistic treatment goals that guide an individualized management. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a complex intervention that implements the Ariadne principles in a population of young-old patients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy. The intervention seeks to improve the appropriateness of prescribing in primary care (PC), as measured by the medication appropriateness index (MAI) score at 6 and 12months, as compared with usual care. Methods/Design: Design:pragmatic cluster randomized clinical trial. Unit of randomization: family physician (FP). Unit of analysis: patient. Scope: PC health centres in three autonomous communities: Aragon, Madrid, and Andalusia (Spain). Population: patients aged 65-74years with multimorbidity (≥3 chronic diseases) and polypharmacy (≥5 drugs prescribed in ≥3months). Sample size: n=400 (200 per study arm). Intervention: complex intervention based on the implementation of the Ariadne principles with two components: (1) FP training and (2) FP-patient interview. Outcomes: MAI score, health services use, quality of life (Euroqol 5D-5L), pharmacotherapy and adherence to treatment (Morisky-Green, Haynes-Sackett), and clinical and socio-demographic variables. Statistical analysis: primary outcome is the difference in MAI score between T0 and T1 and corresponding 95% confidence interval. Adjustment for confounding factors will be performed by multilevel analysis. All analyses will be carried out in accordance with the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: It is essential to provide evidence concerning interventions on PC patients with polypharmacy and multimorbidity, conducted in the context of routine clinical practice, and involving young-old patients with significant potential for preventing negative health outcomes. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02866799Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Dietary α‐Linolenic Acid, Marine ω‐3 Fatty Acids, and Mortality in a Population With High Fish Consumption: Findings From the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED) Study

Background: Epidemiological evidence suggests a cardioprotective role of α‐linolenic acid (ALA), a plant‐derived ω‐3 fatty acid. It is unclear whether ALA is beneficial in a background of high marine ω‐3 fatty acids (long‐chain n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids) intake. In persons at high cardiovascular risk from Spain, a country in which fish consumption is customarily high, we investigated whether meeting the International Society for the Study of Fatty Acids and Lipids recommendation for dietary ALA (0.7% of total energy) at baseline was related to all‐cause and cardiovascular disease mortality. We also examined the effect of meeting the society's recommendation for long‐chain n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (≥500 mg/day). Methods and Results: We longitudinally evaluated 7202 participants in the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED) trial. Multivariable‐adjusted Cox regression models were fitted to estimate hazard ratios. ALA intake correlated to walnut consumption (r=0.94). During a 5.9‐y follow‐up, 431 deaths occurred (104 cardiovascular disease, 55 coronary heart disease, 32 sudden cardiac death, 25 stroke). The hazard ratios for meeting ALA recommendation (n=1615, 22.4%) were 0.72 (95% CI 0.56–0.92) for all‐cause mortality and 0.95 (95% CI 0.58–1.57) for fatal cardiovascular disease. The hazard ratios for meeting the recommendation for long‐chain n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n=5452, 75.7%) were 0.84 (95% CI 0.67–1.05) for all‐cause mortality, 0.61 (95% CI 0.39–0.96) for fatal cardiovascular disease, 0.54 (95% CI 0.29–0.99) for fatal coronary heart disease, and 0.49 (95% CI 0.22–1.01) for sudden cardiac death. The highest reduction in all‐cause mortality occurred in participants meeting both recommendations (hazard ratio 0.63 [95% CI 0.45–0.87]). Conclusions: In participants without prior cardiovascular disease and high fish consumption, dietary ALA, supplied mainly by walnuts and olive oil, relates inversely to all‐cause mortality, whereas protection from cardiac mortality is limited to fish‐derived long‐chain n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Clinical Trial Registration URL: http://www.Controlled-trials.com/. Unique identifier: ISRCTN35739639

Multiancestry analysis of the HLA locus in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases uncovers a shared adaptive immune response mediated by HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes

Across multiancestry groups, we analyzed Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) associations in over 176,000 individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) versus controls. We demonstrate that the two diseases share the same protective association at the HLA locus. HLA-specific fine-mapping showed that hierarchical protective effects of HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes best accounted for the association, strongest with HLA-DRB1*04:04 and HLA-DRB1*04:07, and intermediary with HLA-DRB1*04:01 and HLA-DRB1*04:03. The same signal was associated with decreased neurofibrillary tangles in postmortem brains and was associated with reduced tau levels in cerebrospinal fluid and to a lower extent with increased Aβ42. Protective HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes strongly bound the aggregation-prone tau PHF6 sequence, however only when acetylated at a lysine (K311), a common posttranslational modification central to tau aggregation. An HLA-DRB1*04-mediated adaptive immune response decreases PD and AD risks, potentially by acting against tau, offering the possibility of therapeutic avenues

Bloque Cuenca Centro 1966. Levantamiento Aeromagnético Analógico: Digitalización, Reprocesamiento y Edición

Fil: Vargas, Daniel Esteban. Servicio Geológico Minero Argentino. Instituto de Geología y Recursos Minerales; Argentina.Fil: Álvarez, Dolores. Servicio Geológico Minero Argentino. Instituto de Geología y Recursos Minerales; Argentina.Fil: Peroni, Javier. Servicio Geológico Minero Argentino. Instituto de Geología y Recursos Minerales; Argentina.A partir de información aeromagnética levantada en el año 1966 por el Servicio de Hidrografía Naval para la Gerencia de Exploración Geofísica de YPF, se digitalizaron, reprocesaron y editaron los datos analógicos originales. Se obtuvieron datos digitales crudos y grillados, mapas y documentación técnica que conforman el bloque denominado “Cuenca Centro 1966”. El bloque tiene una superficie de 170.000 km2 y 14.300 Km lineales volados a una altura sobre el terreno que promedia los 600 metros. Cubre el sector oriental de la Provincia de Córdoba, el oeste de Santa Fe y el norte de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Incluye datos de intensidad total del campo magnético terrestre, intensidades magnéticas residuales reducidas al polo. A partir de estos datos se generaron las grillas correspondientes, y se editaron mapas del bloque a escala 1:1000000 para presentar la información

Bloque Cuenca Noroeste 1967. Levantamiento Aeromagnético Analógico: Digitalización, Reprocesamiento y Edición

Fil: Vargas, Daniel Esteban. Servicio Geológico Minero Argentino. Instituto de Geología y Recursos Minerales; Argentina.Fil: Álvarez, Dolores. Servicio Geológico Minero Argentino. Instituto de Geología y Recursos Minerales; Argentina.Fil: Peroni, Javier. Servicio Geológico Minero Argentino. Instituto de Geología y Recursos Minerales; Argentina.A partir de información aeromagnética levantada en el año 1967 por el Servicio de Hidrografía Naval para la Gerencia de Exploración Geofísica de YPF, se digitalizaron, reprocesaron y editaron los datos analógicos originales. Se obtuvieron datos digitales crudos y grillados, mapas y documentación técnica que conforman el bloque denominado “Cuenca Noreste 1967”. El bloque tiene una superficie de 140.000 km2 y 15.686 Km lineales volados a una altura sobre el terreno que promedia los 600 metros. Cubre el sector oriental de la Provincia de Salta, el noreste de Santiago del Estero, y el noroeste de las provincias de Chaco y Formosa. Incluye datos de intensidad total del campo magnético terrestre, intensidades magnéticas residuales reducidas al polo. A partir de estos datos se generaron las grillas correspondientes, y se editaron mapas del bloque a escala 1:1000000 para presentar la información