Modernizing National Numbering Plan on NGN Platform - Hungarian Case Study

The intensive technological development of the last years brought the overall acceptance of an IP based network and services vision based on the NGN. The realization of the NGN vision, the decision on the migration to NGN sets regulatory tasks, especially in the area of numbering and addressing. The utilization of the opportunities provided by the NGN platform requires the use of IP addresses and names in the core network, the role of the E.164 numbers is taken over by IP addresses. However in case of voice services the identification of end-user access points will remain by the use of E.164 numbers. Migration to NGN doesn't require directly the change of the subscribers' phone number; however the NGN enables among others the implementation of national number portability for fixed telephone service. The opportunities can be realized by using uniform domestic number length and dialling method, practically closed numbering. The introduction of a 9-digit uniform, closed domestic numbering provides a consistent solution for the deficiencies of the present Hungarian numbering plan, too. Recently it can be reached in single step so that the present 9-digit domestic numbers and the short codes remain unchanged, the 8-digit domestic numbers are completed to 9-digit by the insertion of an appropriate digit, as well as the present and new numbering schemes can be in operation simultaneously. --

Net neutrality under usage-based pricing: A game-theoretic analysis with user loyalty

Network neutrality issue has been recently received a great attention from the research community, the industry and the network regulators alike. From the European perspectives, the net neutrality issue is increasingly important because it is also part of the Digital Agenda 2020 recently approved by the European Commission [1, 2]. Until now, usage-based pricing and network neutrality have been considered as two different research problems and very few network neutrality researchers examine usage-based pricing as a main consideration. In addition, the user behaviour such as user loyalty issue should be seriously taken into consideration because users will have an increasingly more important role in the operation and management of the network. In this paper, we address the net neutrality issue by investigating the usage-based pricing in presence of user loyalty from the game-theoretic perspective. The contributions of the paper are twofold. First, we provide game-theoretic models for the interaction among the stakeholders under usage-based pricing under the presence of customer loyalty. Based on the models, we compute the Nash equilibrium prices of the pricing games and discuss the consequences and the impact on net neutrality. Results show both positive and negative impacts of usage-based pricing on net neutrality. From the user perspective, the usage-based pricing does not show advantage over simple flat-rate pricing. On the positive side, our results also suggest that under certain circumstances cooperation between broadband providers can make the network be more profitable and yet sustainable. Based on the results, we discuss the practical feasibility of applying usage-based pricing for net neutrality under the presence of user loyalty

Distinct modes of action of CD40L and adaptive cytokines IL-2, IL-4/13, IL-10 and IL-21 on rainbow trout IgM+ B cells

Acknowledgements This work was supported by the European Research Council (ERC Consolidator Grant 725061) and by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (project AGL2017-85494-C2-1-R).Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Modernizing National Numbering Plan on NGN Platform - Hungarian Case Study

The intensive technological development of the last years brought the overall acceptance of an IP based network and services vision based on the NGN. The realization of the NGN vision, the decision on the migration to NGN sets regulatory tasks, especially in the area of numbering and addressing. The utilization of the opportunities provided by the NGN platform requires the use of IP addresses and names in the core network, the role of the E.164 numbers is taken over by IP addresses. However in case of voice services the identification of end-user access points will remain by the use of E.164 numbers. Migration to NGN doesn't require directly the change of the subscribers' phone number; however the NGN enables among others the implementation of national number portability for fixed telephone service. The opportunities can be realized by using uniform domestic number length and dialling method, practically closed numbering. The introduction of a 9-digit uniform, closed domestic numbering provides a consistent solution for the deficiencies of the present Hungarian numbering plan, too. Recently it can be reached in single step so that the present 9-digit domestic numbers and the short codes remain unchanged, the 8-digit domestic numbers are completed to 9-digit by the insertion of an appropriate digit, as well as the present and new numbering schemes can be in operation simultaneously

Analysis of educational leadership at rural early-childhood and primary schools: a case study in Teruel (Aragon, Spain)

Rural schools are a distinctive feature in the autonomous community of Aragon, as state-run rural schools are the main cultural institution in small towns. This research was conducted in four grouped rural schools (hereafter referred to by their Spanish acronym, CRAs) in the province of Teruel in 2017. Our objectives included analising the views of management team members and teachers on educational leadership with a special emphasis on the rural school’s differentiating elements. Four CRAs were chosen in the province of Teruel. Three teachers and six members of management teams participated and the study data were collected using a qualitative interview. The content analysis of the interview was conducted using the NVivo program and was organised into two fundamental areas: views of educational leadership and the skills this leadership includes. The general perception of management teams and teachers is positive; they value the effort put into performing the work and understand that both management and CRAs are complex. They also appreciate the management teams’ organisation of training and its contents. This analysis suggests a set of conditions that provides a qualitative insight into management possibilities and limitations in the CRA model

Los derechos sociales en la Constitución Española. Reflexión general y apuntes para el debate

A través del presente trabajo se intenta mostrar el desarrollo constitucional de los derechos sociales desde la aprobación de la Constitución hasta la actualidad y el impacto que la crisis económica ha tenido sobre ellos

Brain network interactions in transgender individuals with gender incongruence

Functional brain organization in transgender persons remains unclear. Our aims were to investigate global and regional connectivity differences within functional networks in transwomen and transmen with early-in-life onset gender incongruence; and to test the consistency of two available hypotheses that attempted to explain gender variants: (i) a neurodevelopmental cortical hypothesis that suggests the existence of different brain phenotypes based on structural MRI data and genes polymorphisms of sex hormone receptors; (ii) a functional-based hypothesis in relation to regions involved in the own body perception. T2*-weighted images in a 3-T MRI were obtained from 29 transmen and 17 transwomen as well as 22 cisgender women and 19 cisgender men. Restingstate independent component analysis, seed-to-seed functional network and graph theory analyses were performed. Transmen, transwomen, and cisgender women had decreased connectivity compared with cisgender men in superior parietal regions, as part of the salience (SN) and the executive control (ECN) networks. Transmen also had weaker connectivity compared with cisgender men between intra-SN regions and weaker inter-network connectivity between regions of the SN, the default mode network (DMN), the ECN and the sensorimotor network. Transwomen had lower small-worldness, modularity and clustering coefficient than cisgender men. There were no differences among transmen, transwomen, and ciswomen. Together these results underline the importance of the SN interacting with DMN, ECN, and sensorimotor networks in transmen, involving regions of the entire brain with a frontal predominance. Reduced global connectivity graph-theoretical measures were a characteristic of transwomen. It is proposed that the interaction between networks is a keystone in building a gendered self. Finally, our findings suggest that both proposed hypotheses are complementary in explaining brain differences between gender variants

Data for functional MRI connectivity in transgender people with gender incongruence and cisgender individuals

We provide T2 *-weighted and T1-weighted images acquired on a 3T MRI scanner obtained from 17 transwomen and 29 transmen with gender incongruence; and 22 ciswomen and 19 cismen that identified themselves to the sex assigned at birth. Data from three different techniques that describe global and regional connectivity differences within functional resting-state networks in transwomen and trans men with early-in-life onset gender incongruence are provided: (1) we obtained spatial maps from data-driven independent component analysis using the melodic tool from FSL software; (2) we provide the functional networks interactions of two functional atlases' seeds from a seed to-seed approach; (3) and global graph-theoretical metrics such as the smallworld organization, and the segregation and integration properties of the networks. Interpretations of the present dataset can be found in the original article, doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116613 [1] . The original and pro cessed nifti images are available in Mendeley datasets. In addition, correlation matrices for the seed-to-seed and graph theory analyses as well as the graph-theoretical measures were made available in Matlab files. Finally, we present supplementary information for the original article. (C) 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc

Programa de formación para profesionales de enfermería sobre la utilización del VAC en úlceras por pie diabético

Introducción: El sistema VAC® (cierre asistido por vacío) es un procedimiento terapéutico oclusivo y no invasivo que mediante la utilización de presión negativa sobre una herida elimina el exceso de exudados, favorece la formación del tejido de granulación y la perfusión y ofrece un entorno de cicatrización húmedo y cerrado; supone un logro terapéutico para la cicatrización de heridas agudas de difícil resolución y para heridas crónicas como el pie diabético, que suponen un elevado consumo de recursos, hospitalización, y tiempo de trabajo para profesionales sanitarios.<br /

Programa de educación para la salud dirigido al paciente urostomizado y a sus familiares con el fin de mejorar su calidad de vida

Una urostomía deriva la orina hacia un lugar diferente a la vejiga y la elimina al exterior por medio de un estoma. La etiología más frecuente son los tumores de vejiga cuya prevalencia está aumentando en los últimos años debido al tabaco. Cuando el cáncer invade músculo vesical, la solución más común es la cistectomía radical. Los problemas que surgen con más frecuencia en pacientes urostomizados son la adaptación al cambio corporal y los cambios en la vida sexual y social. Sin embargo, los cuidados se centran más en la recuperación quirúrgica y la enseñanza para el autocuidado. Muchos pacientes refieren falta de conocimientos al alta para realizar los cuidados del estoma urinario. La función de enfermería es primordial para no invisibilizar las esferas afectadas y para realizar una educación sanitaria para conseguir un paciente activo.<br /