Towards understanding the electronic structure of Fe-doped CeO2 nanoparticles with X-ray spectroscopy

[[abstract]]This study reports on the electronic structure of Fe-doped CeO2 nanoparticles (NPs), determined by coupled X-ray absorption spectroscopy and X-ray emission spectroscopy. A comparison of the local electronic structure around the Ce site with that around the Fe site indicates that the Fe substitutes for the Ce. The oxygen K-edge spectra that originated from the hybridization between cerium 4f and oxygen 2p states are sensitive to the oxidation state and depend strongly on the concentration of Fe doping. The Ce M4,5-edges and the Fe L2,3-edges reveal the variations of the charge states of Ce and Fe upon doping, respectively. The band gap is further obtained from the combined absorption–emission spectrum and decreased upon Fe doping, implying Fe doping introduces vacancies. The oxygen vacancies are induced by Fe doping and the spectrum reveals the charge transfer between Fe and Ce. Fe3+ doping has two major effects on the formation of ferromagnetism in CeO2 nanoparticles. The first, at an Fe content of below 5%, is that the formation of Fe3+–Vo–Ce3+ introduces oxygen deficiencies favoring ferromagnetism. The other, at an Fe content of over 5%, is the formation of Fe3+–Vo–Fe3+, which favors antiferromagnetism, reducing the Ms. The defect structures Fe3+–Vo–Ce3+ and Fe3+–Vo–Fe3+ are crucial to the magnetism in these NPs and the change in Ms can be described as the effect of competitive interactions of magnetic polarons and paired ions.[[incitationindex]]SCI[[booktype]]紙本[[booktype]]電子

Hypothesis testing on the common location parameter of several shifted exponential distributions: A note

[[abstract]]This note deals with hypothesis testing on the common location parameter of several shifted exponential distributions with unknown and possibly unequal scale parameters. No exact test is available for the above mentioned problem; and one does not have the luxury of applying the asymptotic Chi-square test for the likelihood ratio test statistic since the distributions do not satisfy the usual regularity conditions. Therefore, we have proposed a few approximate tests based on the parametric bootstrap method which appear to work well even for small samples in terms of attaining the level. Powers of the proposed tests have been provided along with a recommendation of their usage.[[journaltype]]國外[[incitationindex]]SCI[[booktype]]紙本[[booktype]]電子版[[countrycodes]]NL

Partial State-Owned Bank Interest Margin, Default Risk, and Structural Breaks: A Model of Financial Engineering

[[abstract]]Recent reports demonstrate that the grip of nationalism is tightest in banking (Economist, 2009a), and in France and Britain, politicians powering taxpayers' money into ailing banks are demanding that the cash be lent at home (Economist, 2009b). This paper proposes a call option model for bank interest margin and default risk valuation based on an event-dependent, structural break framework under the return of banking nationalization. The primary feature is the existence of the discontinuity and fat tails of asset returns and risks caused by structural changes. We show that an increase in the structural breaks in mean return discontinuity and volatility fluctuation caused by the increasing degree of the bank's partial nationalization increases the bank's interest margin and default risk. We conclude that nationalization may be a high return-volatility structure break.[[incitationindex]]EI[[booktype]]紙本[[countrycodes]]GR

A Note On Skew-Normal Distribution Approximation To The Negative Binomal Distribution

[[abstract]]This article revisits the problem of approximating the negative binomial distribution. Its goal is to show that the skew-normal distribution, another alternative methodology, provides a much better approximation to negative binomial probabilities than the usual normal approximation.[[notice]]補正完畢[[journaltype]]國外[[incitationindex]]EI[[booktype]]紙本[[countrycodes]]GR

Different Ways of Holding Babies and Physiological Load

[[abstract]]The objective of this study is to investigate the influence of different ways of holding babies on physiological load. Eleven undergraduate volunteers participated in the experiment. The experiment variable factors are three ways of hugging : front hig, back hug, and shouldering, and the walking speed of 2 mph and 4 mph by using the treadmill. The Quark Pulmonary system recorded the physiological characters such as : respiratory frequency, tide volume, ventilation volume, oxygen consumption and heart rate. The experiment found that the physiological characteristic of speed walking of 4 mph is significantly higher than those of 2 mph. The experiment data and the participants' objective evaluation showed that physiological load of the back hug and the front hug of babies have higher physiological loads, especially walking in higher speed, we suggest that using back hug in fast walk condition, or using front hug way in general as the suitable way of holding babies.[[booktype]]紙

A Structure-Break Option Framework for Bank Margin Valuation When Foreign-Denominated Loans Squeezing a Country

[[abstract]]The banking industry is recently experiencing a renewed focus on retail banking, a trend often attributed to the stability and profitability of retail activities (Hirtle and Stiroh, 2007). This paper examines operations management in bank interest margin when foreign-denominated loans are squeezing a country as its currency falters. In a call-option model with fat-tail distribution framework where structural changes from exchange rate depreciated dramatically are the source of uncertainty (we call such changes bad events), exchange rates or bad events have direct effects on the bank's optimal interest margin. A depreciation in the domestic currency results in an increased interest margin. We conclude that retail banking may be a relatively shrinking lending activity but it is a high return one when an observed bad event from the domestic-currency depreciation is becoming worse.[[incitationindex]]EI[[booktype]]紙本[[countrycodes]]GR