[[alternative]]The Career Decision-making and Needs of Career Guidance for Unformal Vocational Senior High School Students in Taipei

[[abstract]]本研究之目的在瞭解台北市高職補校學生之生涯決定程度、生涯輔導需求 ，及其兩者之相關。為達此目的，本研究主採問卷調查法，以研究者修訂 之「台北市高職補校學生生涯決定量表」及編訂之「台北市高職補校學生 生涯輔導需求問卷」為研究工具，針對台北市八十二學年度就讀之高職補 校學生進行查問卷抽樣調查，共得有效樣本1022人。調查所得資料經次數 分配、百分比、平均數、ｔ考驗、單因子變異數分析、皮爾森積差相關等 統計程序分析後，獲得下列結論：１．台北市高職補校學生有33％為職業 選擇不確定者，有40％為教育選擇 @ 不肯定者。學生在「生涯決定量 表」上的得分以中度不確定者最多（ 62％），高度不確者次之（22％） 。而在生涯不確定原因各層面上， 以「缺乏生涯資料」層面的得分最 高，其次為「外在或個人限制 」」、及「雙趨衝突」，最低為「缺乏自 我瞭解與信心」。２．學生的生涯決定程度因其性別、年齡、類科別、工 作狀況、對目前就 @ 讀科別不同滿意狀況之不同，而有顯著差異，但 不因其年級不同而有 @ 顯著差異。３．學生對生涯輔導需求強度絕大 部分為中度至高度，尤以高度需求的人 @ 數近半。而從生涯輔導需求 各層面來看，以「工作適應輔導」的需求最高，其次依序為「瞭解自我」 、「生涯規劃」、「瞭解工作世界」、最低為「進路輔導」。４．學生生 涯輔導需求因其對就讀科別不同滿意狀況而有顯著差異，但並 @ 不因 性別、年齡、年級、類科別、工作狀況之不同而有顯著差異。５．學生之 生涯不確定程度與生涯輔導需求呈顯著正相關，亦即生涯愈不 @ 確定 者，其生涯輔導需求愈高。而依據上述研究結論，研究者分別針對台北市 高職補校推動生涯輔導及後續研究等方面，提出了數點建議。

[[alternative]]The study of cognitive components of the elementary school students with literacy difficulties

[[abstract]]The purposes of this study were to examine the changes and traits of literacy ability of students with word recognition difficulties (RD in short)、handwriting difficulties (HD in short) and literacy difficulties (LD in short), and to analyze the relationship between their cognitive components, word recognition and handwriting. The sample of this study included 37 second or third graders. All students with normal IQ were divided into four groups, on the basis of the result of the Basic Literacy Test. The four groups were normal students (NS in short), RD, HD and LD. All the participants were measured their cognitive abilities included attention, working memory, sequential memory, Zhu-Yin-Fu-Hao recognition, phoneme blending, radical recognition, and mental lexicon. The main findings of this research were stated as follows: 1. The literacy ability traits of each subtype: RD group was with normal character-copy, but poor word recognition performances, and the performances of character- writing were influenced by word recognition in the group. HD group was with poor character-copy, but normal word recognition, and the character- writing was affected by character-copy. LD group was with poor word recognition and handwriting, so their literacy abilities were significantly poor. 2. The relationship between word recognition and handwriting: Besides composition, Chinese handwriting was defined to include character-copy and character-writing. Character-copy could affect character-writing performances, on the other hand, character-writing could also affect character-copy productions. Besides, character-copy could not be affected by word recognition, character-copy could not affect word recognition either. 3. The relationship between literacy and cognitive abilities: (1) The relationship between word recognition and cognitive abilities: The phoneme blending was correlated with word recognition in RD, HD and LD group. Furthermore, in HD group, word recognition was also correlated with working memory and sequential memory. (2) The relationship between handwriting and cognitive abilities: The relationship between writing and cognitive abilities was not significant in this study. But according to the case analysis and the inferences from reference discussion, the poor character-copy performances of low handwriting group might be related to the working memory, visual-motor integration and attention. According the aforementioned findings, the limitations of this study, and the recommendations to research and practical implementations were made.

Sparsentan in patients with IgA nephropathy: a prespecified interim analysis from a randomised, double-blind, active-controlled clinical trial

Background: Sparsentan is a novel, non-immunosuppressive, single-molecule, dual endothelin and angiotensin receptor antagonist being examined in an ongoing phase 3 trial in adults with IgA nephropathy. We report the prespecified interim analysis of the primary proteinuria efficacy endpoint, and safety. Methods: PROTECT is an international, randomised, double-blind, active-controlled study, being conducted in 134 clinical practice sites in 18 countries. The study examines sparsentan versus irbesartan in adults (aged ≥18 years) with biopsy-proven IgA nephropathy and proteinuria of 1·0 g/day or higher despite maximised renin-angiotensin system inhibitor treatment for at least 12 weeks. Participants were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive sparsentan 400 mg once daily or irbesartan 300 mg once daily, stratified by estimated glomerular filtration rate at screening (30 to 1·75 g/day). The primary efficacy endpoint was change from baseline to week 36 in urine protein-creatinine ratio based on a 24-h urine sample, assessed using mixed model repeated measures. Treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were safety endpoints. All endpoints were examined in all participants who received at least one dose of randomised treatment. The study is ongoing and is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03762850. Findings: Between Dec 20, 2018, and May 26, 2021, 404 participants were randomly assigned to sparsentan (n=202) or irbesartan (n=202) and received treatment. At week 36, the geometric least squares mean percent change from baseline in urine protein-creatinine ratio was statistically significantly greater in the sparsentan group (-49·8%) than the irbesartan group (-15·1%), resulting in a between-group relative reduction of 41% (least squares mean ratio=0·59; 95% CI 0·51-0·69; p<0·0001). TEAEs with sparsentan were similar to irbesartan. There were no cases of severe oedema, heart failure, hepatotoxicity, or oedema-related discontinuations. Bodyweight changes from baseline were not different between the sparsentan and irbesartan groups. Interpretation: Once-daily treatment with sparsentan produced meaningful reduction in proteinuria compared with irbesartan in adults with IgA nephropathy. Safety of sparsentan was similar to irbesartan. Future analyses after completion of the 2-year double-blind period will show whether these beneficial effects translate into a long-term nephroprotective potential of sparsentan. Funding: Travere Therapeutics