55,233 research outputs found
Compositional optimization of hard-magnetic phases with machine-learning models
Machine Learning (ML) plays an increasingly important role in the discovery
and design of new materials. In this paper, we demonstrate the potential of ML
for materials research using hard-magnetic phases as an illustrative case. We
build kernel-based ML models to predict optimal chemical compositions for new
permanent magnets, which are key components in many green-energy technologies.
The magnetic-property data used for training and testing the ML models are
obtained from a combinatorial high-throughput screening based on
density-functional theory calculations. Our straightforward choice of
describing the different configurations enables the subsequent use of the ML
models for compositional optimization and thereby the prediction of promising
substitutes of state-of-the-art magnetic materials like NdFeB with
similar intrinsic hard-magnetic properties but a lower amount of critical
rare-earth elements.Comment: 12 pages, 6 figure
Magnetic properties of -FeCr alloy as calculated with the charge and spin self-consistent KKR(CPA) method
Magnetic properties of a FeCr alloy calculated with
the charge and spin self- consistent Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker (KKR) and combined
with coherent potential approximation (KKR-CPA) methods are reported.
Non-magnetic state as well as various magnetic orderings were considered, i.e.
ferromagnetic (FM) and more complex anti-parallel (called APM) arrangements for
selected sublattices, as follows from the symmetry analysis. It has been shown
that the Stoner criterion applied to non-magnetic density of states at the
Fermi energy, is satisfied for Fe atoms situated on all five lattice
sites, while it is not fulfilled for all Cr atoms. In FM and APM states, the
values of magnetic moments on Fe atoms occupying various sites are dispersed
between 0 and 2.5 , and they are proportional to the number of Fe atoms
in the nearest-neighbor shell. Magnetic moments of Cr atoms havin much smaller
values were found to be coupled antiparallel to those of Fe atoms. The average
value of the magnetic moment per atom was found to be that
is by a factor of 4 larger than the experimental value found for a
FeCr sample. Conversely, admitting an anti-
parallel ordering (APM model) on atoms situated on C and D sites, according to
the group theory and symmetry analysis results, yielded a substantial reduction
of to 0.20 $\mu_B$. Further diminution of to 0.15 ,
which is very close to the experimental value of 0.14 , has been
achieved with the KKR-CPA calculations by considering a chemical disorder on
sites B, C and D
Human Rights Violations After 9/11 and the Role of Constitutional Constraints
human rights, terrorism, 9/11, checks and balances, constitutions, constitutional courts
Does Finance Bolster Superstar Companies? Banks, Venture Capital, and Firm Size in Local U.S. Markets
We study the relative effect of venture capital and bank finance on large manufacturing firms in local U.S. markets. Theory predicts that with venture capital, the firm size distribution should become more stretched-out to the right, but it’s ambiguous on the effect of banks on large firms. The empirical evidence suggests that while the average size of firms in the top bin of the firm size distribution has remained unaffected by banking sector developments, it has increased with venture capital investment. We argue that this is due to the emergence of new corporate giants rather than the growth of existing ones. JEL Classification: G24, J24, L11banking, firm size, Venture Capital
Does the euro make a difference? Spatio-temporal transmission of global shocks to real effective exchange rates in an infinite VAR
This paper provides evidence on whether the creation of the euro has changed the way global turbulences affect euro area and other economies. Specifically, it considers the impact of global shocks on the competitiveness of individual euro area countries and assesses whether their responses to such shocks have converged, as well as to what pattern. Technically, the paper applies a newly developed methodology based on infinite VAR theory featuring a dominant unit to a large set of over 60 countries' real effective exchange rates, including those of the individual euro area economies, and compares impulse response functions to the estimated systems before and after EMU with respect to three types of shocks: a global US dollar shock, generalised impulse response function shocks and a global shock to risk aversion. Our results show that the way euro area countries' real effective exchange rates adjust to these shocks has converged indeed, albeit to a pattern that depends crucially on the nature of the shock. This result is noteworthy given the apparent divergence in competitiveness indicators of these countries in the first ten years of EMU, which suggests that this diverging pattern is unlikely to be due to global external shocks with asymmetric effects but rather to other factors, such as country-specific domestic shocks. JEL Classification: C21, C23euro, High-Dimensional VAR, Identification of Shocks, Real Effective Exchange Rates, Weak and Strong Cross Sectional Dependence
Epitaxial strain effects in the spinel ferrites CoFe2O4 and NiFe2O4 from first principles
The inverse spinels CoFe2O4 and NiFe2O4, which have been of particular
interest over the past few years as building blocks of artificial multiferroic
heterostructures and as possible spin-filter materials, are investigated by
means of density functional theory calculations. We address the effect of
epitaxial strain on the magneto-crystalline anisotropy and show that, in
agreement with experimental observations, tensile strain favors perpendicular
anisotropy, whereas compressive strain favors in-plane orientation of the
magnetization. Our calculated magnetostriction constants of
about -220 ppm for CoFe2O4 and -45 ppm for NiFe2O4 agree well with available
experimental data. We analyze the effect of different cation arrangements used
to represent the inverse spinel structure and show that both LSDA+U and GGA+U
allow for a good quantitative description of these materials. Our results open
the way for further computational investigations of spinel ferrites
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