Effect of Low Temperature on the Performance of Carbo -Based Conductive Ink for Flexible Printed Circuit

Nowadays, it is known that printing methodologies can be used to print electrically functional devices on a variety substrates such as organic and inorganic substrate's materials. Currently, printing technologies have been an attractive alternative printing method to fabricate flexible electronic devices, keeping to its advantages including easy handling, wide use and low cost. However, using flexible substrate open up new possibilities for printed electronic (PE), where certain applications expose the flexible substrate to a mechanical bending which might decreased the performance or becomes a cause to a functionality. Moreover, developing of an appropriate ink at an extreme surrounding temperature with high conductivity and good dispersion of the ink-jet printing is one of the critical problems that need to be solved. Thus, the objectives of this study are determine the effects of cyclic loading on the elasticity and the conductivity of carbon-based conductive ink after exposing to low temperature. The sample of conductive ink has been tested by resistivity test, nanoindentation test and microstructure analysis after doing cyclic test. This study is focused on the conductivity behaviour of printed conductive ink after being exposed to two different temperature; low temperature at -6°C and room temperature at 26°C. After being exposed to each of the temperature set, the cyclic loading test of 1000 and 5000 cycles each was carried out where non-cyclic sample was prepare as the bench-marking sample. From the cyclic test result, it is understood that the resistivity of printed ink at low temperature is lower than that of at room temperature. Besides, the lowest resistivity is recorded as 105.71Q/sq for sample that being tested at 5000 cyclic after exposed to low temperature. This is due to the deformation of the elasticity properties of the ink when exposed to the low temperature after the printing process. On the other hand, the hardness of low temperature sample is larger than room temperature. However, the highest resistivity in this study is 5000 cyclic sample at room temperature almost 206.52Q/sq. Moreover, in cyclic test, the printed conductive ink will be bend and stretched at the maximum limit. Therefore, the surface structure become scratch and crack onto conductive ink. Finally, the 5000 cyclic sample at room temperature shows more defect on the surface structure than others

Fire fighting robot

Fire-fighting is an important but dangerous occupation. A fire-fighter must be able to put out fire quickly and safely. This is a common way to prevent fatalities and further damages. So, technology has done its part by bridging up the gap between fire fighters and machineries. So, a robot is invented in order to combine both man kind and technology [1]. Fire Fighting Robot is designed to put out a fire, before it reaches out of control. Robot with these fire-handling abilities is a great advantage to replace fire extinguishers [2]. Water-based robot will be an advantage for users to refill the tank as it goes empty. Users can fill up water and keep the robot in a safe position. Water is a basic non-chemical liquid which will not experience any expiry or damage or corrosion. This invention would be a great contribution to mankind in order to ease their work and minimize the risk during fire put out

KONTRIBUSI KEPUASAN SEBAGAI PEMEDIASI DALAM MENJELASKAN PENGARUH KOMPENSASI, KEPEMIMPINAN, DAN TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN

Riset bertujuan menguji dampak kompensasi, kepemimpinan, terhadap kinerja dengan dukungan kepuasan kerja. Studi ini mengara pada eksploratif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif yang akan menjelaskan penyebab kinerja tinggi. 85 karyawan PT. Amartha Mikro Fintek Regional SulSel 1 menjadi populasi penelitian. Sampling jenuh digunakan dalam penelitian, dan populasi penuh dijadikan sebagai sampel. Dalam menjawab hipotesis menggunakan analisis Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) dengan bantuan software SmartPLS versi 4. Hasil penelitian menjelaskan bahwa kompensasi, teknologi informasi, dan kepuasan secara langsung berpengaruh langsung terhadap kinerja, sedangkan kepemimpinan tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja. Pengaruh kompensasi terhadap kepuasan memiliki hubungan yang signifikan, teknologi informasi juga berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kepuasan, tetapi variabel kepemimpinan tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kepuasan. Hubungan tidak langsung antara kompensasi dan teknologi informasi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja melalui kepuasan, kepemimpinan secara tidak langsung berpengaruh tidak signifikan terhadap kinerja melalui kepuasan.Riset bertujuan menguji dampak kompensasi, kepemimpinan, terhadap kinerja dengan dukungan kepuasan kerja. Studi ini mengara pada eksploratif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif yang akan menjelaskan penyebab kinerja tinggi. 85 karyawan PT. Amartha Mikro Fintek Regional SulSel 1 menjadi populasi penelitian. Sampling jenuh digunakan dalam penelitian, dan populasi penuh dijadikan sebagai sampel. Dalam menjawab hipotesis menggunakan analisis Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) dengan bantuan software SmartPLS versi 4. Hasil penelitian menjelaskan bahwa kompensasi, teknologi informasi, dan kepuasan secara langsung berpengaruh langsung terhadap kinerja, sedangkan kepemimpinan tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja. Pengaruh kompensasi terhadap kepuasan memiliki hubungan yang signifikan, teknologi informasi juga berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kepuasan, tetapi variabel kepemimpinan tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kepuasan. Hubungan tidak langsung antara kompensasi dan teknologi informasi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja melalui kepuasan, kepemimpinan secara tidak langsung berpengaruh tidak signifikan terhadap kinerja melalui kepuasan

Optimisation of the extended Kalman filter for speed estimation of induction motor drives

A speed sensorless drive requires the elimination of the sensor; therefore a speed estimator is required. Speed estimation using the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) is investigated. The use of an EKF as an observer for a sensorless induction motor has been a longstanding subject of research. However, little attempt has been made to optimise the filter performance. First some speed estimation results are presented where the commonly used Trial and Error method is used for tuning the EKF. The performance of the EKF is strictly dependant on the choice of the covariance matrices. Therefore to improve the performance of the EKF, a guided random search technique, Simulated Annealing is proposed. The work concentrates on finding the EKF parameters by the Simulated Annealing algorithm in both low and high performance drives, for constant V/f and vector control. A Genetic Algorithm is also a guided random search technique and in this work the algorithm has been used for comparison purposes on optimising the EKF. The robustness of the EKF parameters tuned by Genetic Algorithm, Simulated Annealing and Trial and Error is compared. The results presented show that Simulated Annealing is more robust against machine parameter variations. Despite the large computation time Simulated Annealing does have the potential of being an alternative method for optimising the EKF. These novel results presented here show that Simulated Annealing is capable of tuning the EKF in the induction motor drives application.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceUniversiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM)GBUnited Kingdo

The Review Study of Environmental Education Curriculum in Climate Change Mitigation

Indonesia is a country whose geographical location is on the equator, has many islands and tropical forest areas, and is surrounded by volcanoes. Indonesia also has a high potential for natural disasters, such as volcanic eruptions, floods, tsunamis, forest fires, etc. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce early on how to mitigate and adapt to disasters due to climate change. Through education, integrating mitigation and adaptation to climate change will get along with the national education curriculum in Indonesia. The problem in this study is how the concepts of climate change mitigation and adaptation learning models can integrate into the national education curriculum in Indonesia. The goal is to find an ideal model framework for implementing climate change mitigation and adaptation lessons in the national education curriculum. The method used is qualitative, with a literature study of articles indexed in Scopus. The results obtained are that the integrated model of climate change mitigation and adaptation learning can be carried out in several stages, namely: 1) mapping the types of disasters and their mitigation measures; 2) linking knowledge about climate change mitigation and adaptation with real examples; 3) inserting climate change mitigation and adaptation material into various subjects in schools

Intelligent controllers for velocity tracking of two wheeled inverted pendulum mobile robot

Velocity tracking is one of the important objectives of vehicle, machines and mobile robots. A two wheeled inverted pendulum (TWIP) is a class of mobile robot that is open loop unstable with high nonlinearities which makes it difficult to control its velocity because of its nature of pitch falling if left unattended. In this work, three soft computing techniques were proposed to track a desired velocity of the TWIP. Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC), Neural Network Inverse Model control (NN) and an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) were designed and simulated on the TWIP model. All the three controllers have shown practically good performance in tracking the desired speed and keeping the robot in upright position and ANFIS has shown slightly better performance than FLC, while NN consumes more energy

Development of Automatic Mixing Process for Fertigation System in Rock Melon Cultivation

This work proposed an automatic mixing system of nutrient solution for rock melon fertigation according to the required electrical conductivity (EC) level. Compared to the manual practice, this automatic system will ensure continuous supply of mixed nutrient solution without the need to daily check and mix new nutrient. Thus, this easy to use and low cost automatic system will reduce the burden of the farmers. This system uses an EC sensor to automatically check the concentration level of the mixed nutrient solution. Other than that, the system only consists of electronic pumps for mixing process and an Arduino board as the controller. The controller will monitor the EC level and run the mixing process when the EC level is below the required level. By calibrating the EC sensors, the test shows that the automatic mixing system is able to accurately keep the mixed nutrient solution concentration in a 400 L mixing reservoir at several required levels

Advancement of a smart fibrous capillary irrigation management system with an Internet of Things integration

This paper presents the development work for integrating an Internet of Things (IoT) with a fibrous capillary irrigation system based on the climatic demand estimated by the weather condition. The monitoring and control using an IoT system is critical for such application that is targeted for precision irrigation. The fibrous capillary irrigation system is managed by manipulating a water supply depth using the potential evapotranspiration (ETo). A soil mositure sensor was used to monitor the progress of the root water uptake and input the fuzzy logic system, to determine the water requirements for the crop medium. Experiment was conducted by using a Choy sum plant as the test crop grown in a greenhouse. The monitoring of the demand and management of the watering system was successful. The ETo data was able to approximate the crop water requirement in near real time

Fault monitoring system for traffic light

Traffic light breakdown is very common. These create hassle as well as unsafe condition for road users. This project provides a new paradigm in traffic light monitoring system. The system has the capability to send multiple Short Message Service (SMS) to the contractor, traffic police and local council in the event of a malfunction traffic light. Normally, road users have to call the contractor based on the information displayed at the traffic light pole. With the current system, time taken to respond to the traffic light breakdown depends on how soon road users call the contractor. Monitoring system for fault traffic light will address this matter. In this project, the system can detect two types of failure, power failure and bulb/ Light Emitting Diode (LED) failure (a particular light not working i.e. red light only). Upon receiving the power failure signal, SMS will be sent to the above-mentioned parties for further action. For LED types of traffic light, the system has the capability to detect deterioration in function. If >50% of the LED for any light is not working the system will notify the contractor and other related parties to perform restorative action. The malfunction of LED can be detected by measuring real current vs the nominal current for that particular light. The seriousness of traffic light failure is divided into three parts, which are the total power failure, total LED failure and partial failure. The microcontroller analyzes the seriousness of the failure and sends the signal to a Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) module. Then the GSM module will send the details of failure including location and types of failure. For this project, LED was used as prototype of the traffic ligh

Agricultural rout planning with variable rate pesticide application in a greenhouse environment

The use of robotics in executing agricultural tasks has significantly improved productivity over the years as a result of automation in performing such activities as spray, harvesting, planting etc. In order to optimize both crop yield and quality while minimizing costs, there will be need for the application of navigation strategies. These will provide optimal as well as autonomous navigation capability which is built entirely upon field coverage plan thereby making robot navigation approach a paramount scheme. In this paper, the autonomy of an agricultural mobile robot is enhanced in a structured environment (greenhouse farm) to locate an optimum route such that the robot performs a selective and variable spray of pesticides to the plants. To realize this, a robust vehicle routing problem (VRP) scheme is designed to navigate the robot autonomously while making intelligent decisions to fulfil the pesticide demands at each node (infected plants). The improved non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (INSGA-III) is adopted to solve this fully integer problem based on three (3) test cases carried out with 8, 32 and 56 infected plants respectively for validation. The results obtained show a trade-off solution as the Optimal INSGA-III is significantly lower than NSGA-III in terms of solution quality. On the other hand, a significant reduction in run times of between 66% and 76% and 76–93% was obtained for all test case scenarios for population sizes of 100 and 1500 respectively