Supportive Feedback Environments Can Mend Broken Performance Management Systems.

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Transformation and tumorigenicity testing of simian cell lines and evaluation of poliovirus replication

The key role of cell cultures in different scientific fields is worldwide recognized, both as in vitro research models alternative to laboratory animals and substrates for biological production. However, many safety concerns rise from the use of animal/human cell lines that may be tumorigenic, leading to potential adverse contaminations in cell-derived biologicals. In order to evaluate the suitability of 13 different cell lines for Poliovirus vaccine production, safety and quality, in vitro/in vivo tumorigenicity and Poliovirus propagation properties were evaluated. Our results revealed that non-human primate cell lines CYNOM-K1, FRhK-4, 4MBr-5 and 4647 are free of tumorigenic features and represent highly susceptible substrates for attenuated Sabin Poliovirus strains. In particular, FRhK-4 and 4647 cell lines are characterized by a higher in vitro replication, resulting indicated for the use in large-scale production field

The Development of a Feedback Environment and Role Clarity Model of Job Performance

Researchers have recently begun recognizing the impact of contextual factors on important organizational outcomes. This study, involving 170 subordinate-supervisor dyads, develops a model that demonstrates that subordinates who perceive a supportive feedback environment display increased feedback seeking, higher role clarity, and higher performance ratings. Furthermore, the results show that effort costs moderated the relationship between the coworker feedback environment and feedback seeking from coworkers. Implications are discussed

Emotional display rules as work unit norms: A multilevel analysis of emotional labor among nurses

Emotional labor theory has conceptualized emotional display rules as shared norms governing the expression of emotions at work. Using a sample of registered nurses working in different units of a hospital system, we provided the first empirical evidence that display rules can be represented as shared, unit-level beliefs. Additionally, controlling for the influence of dispositional affectivity, individual-level display rule perceptions, and emotion regulation, we found that unit-level display rules are associated with individual-level job satisfaction. We also showed that unit-level display rules relate to burnout indirectly through individual-level display rule perceptions and emotion regulation strategies. Finally, unit-level display rules also interacted with individual-level dispositional affectivity to predict employee use of emotion regulation strategies. We discuss how future research on emotional labor and display rules, particularly in the health care setting, can build on these findings

Transition radiation as a coherent soft x-ray source

A series of experiments using 54 MeV electrons to irradiate thin foil targets has demonstrated the spatially coherent nature of soft x-ray transition radiation