3 research outputs found

    āļāļēāļĢāļšāļĢāļīāļŦāļēāļĢāļˆāļąāļ”āļāļēāļĢāđāļĨāļ°āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļĄāļīāļ™āđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļąāļšāđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āļžāļĪāļ•āļīāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļŠāļļāļ‚āļ āļēāļžāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļŦāļ™āđˆāļ§āļĒāļ‡āļēāļ™āđƒāļ™āđ€āļ‚āļ•āļāļĢāļļāļ‡āđ€āļ—āļžāļĄāļŦāļēāļ™āļ„āļĢ (Project Management and Evaluation for Health Behavior Change of the Organizations in Bangkok Metropolis)

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              The objectives of this evaluative research were: 1) to develop an evaluation and management model for health behavior change projects of the organizations in Bangkok metropolis, 2) to develop the conceptual framework for health behavior change base on principles of PROMISE Model and 3 Self, 3) to explore the outcomes of supervision and evaluation for health behavior change projects conducted by the participated organizations in Bangkok area, according to the project indicators, and 4) to study factors affecting project success and barrier to the project implementation. Totally,32 health behavior change projects conducted by 19 organizations in Bangkok area; these were managed and evaluated during May - December, 2008. The sample was 3,665 outpatients and unhealthy lifestyle people who were at risk for chronic diseases. Three study instruments were: 1) a 21-item questionnaire, in forms of a 4-point rating scale, 2) a structured interviewing form based on CIPP model to collect data from 3 groups of respondents, including 32 project leaders, 29 commanders of project leaders, and 128 clients, and 3) health behavior questionnaires for assessing 3 Self including self-efficacy, self-regulation, and self-care. The reliability of this 3 Self questionnaires was between 0.73 and 0.85. Research findings were as follows:          1. During project implementation, it was found that results from supervision and evaluation of the feasibility for project success based on CIPP Model revealed that opinions on the context, input, process, and product were at the very good level in total among 3 groups of respondents; including project leaders, commanders of project leaders, and clients.          2. After the project completion, 3 SELF health behaviors of the participants were statistically significant higher than before their participation at .01 level.          3. After the project completion, the participants had a better change according to the project indicators which were as follows: 1) bodily exercise behavior, 2) eating behavior, health knowledge, attitudes toward project, and health behaviors were statistically significant higher than those before participating in the project at 0.01 level, 3) Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, waist, weight, BMI, fasting blood glucose, and amount of cigarettes smoking per day were statistically significant lower than those before participating in the project, and 4) the indicators revealed a reduction in body fat, but this change was not statistically significant.Keywords: Project Management, Evaluation, Health Behavior Change āļšāļ—āļ„āļąāļ”āļĒāđˆāļ­           āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ§āļīāļˆāļąāļĒāļ„āļĢāļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ™āļĩāđ‰āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļĢāļ°āđ€āļšāļĩāļĒāļšāļ§āļīāļ˜āļĩāļ§āļīāļˆāļąāļĒāđ€āļŠāļīāļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļĄāļīāļ™āļœāļĨāđ‚āļ”āļĒāļĄāļĩāļ§āļąāļ•āļ–āļļāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļ‡āļ„āđŒ 1) āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āđāļĨāļ°āļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļēāļĢāļđāļ›āđāļšāļšāļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļĄāļīāļ™āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļšāļĢāļīāļŦāļēāļĢāļˆāļąāļ”āļāļēāļĢāđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļąāļšāđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āļžāļĪāļ•āļīāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļŠāļļāļ‚āļ āļēāļžāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļŦāļ™āđˆāļ§āļĒāļ‡āļēāļ™ 2) āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļāļĢāļ­āļšāđāļ™āļ§āļ„āļīāļ”āļ•āļēāļĄāļŦāļĨāļąāļ PROMISE āđāļĨāļ° 3 Self āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļąāļšāđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āļžāļĪāļ•āļīāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļŠāļļāļ‚āļ āļēāļž 3) āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļĻāļķāļāļĐāļēāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļœāļĨāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļąāļšāđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āļžāļĪāļ•āļīāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļŦāļ™āđˆāļ§āļĒāļ‡āļēāļ™ āđƒāļ™āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ‡āđ€āļ”āļ·āļ­āļ™āļžāļĪāļĐāļ āļēāļ„āļĄ - āļ˜āļąāļ™āļ§āļēāļ„āļĄ 2551 āļĄāļĩāļˆāļģāļ™āļ§āļ™ 32 āđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļāļēāļĢ āļˆāļēāļ 19 āļŦāļ™āđˆāļ§āļĒāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļšāļĢāļīāļāļēāļĢ āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļĄāļĩāļœāļđāđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāļšāļĢāļīāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļœāļđāđ‰āļ›āđˆāļ§āļĒāđāļĨāļ°āļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāđ€āļŠāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ‡āļ•āđˆāļ­āđ‚āļĢāļ„āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļāļīāļ”āļˆāļēāļāļžāļĪāļ•āļīāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļŠāļļāļ‚āļ āļēāļžāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļĄāđˆāļ–āļđāļāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡ āļĢāļ§āļĄ 3,665 āļ„āļ™ āđ€āļ„āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļĄāļ·āļ­āļ—āļĩāđˆāđƒāļŠāđ‰āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđāļšāļšāļŠāļ­āļšāļ–āļēāļĄāļ›āļĢāļ°āļĄāļēāļ“āļ„āđˆāļē 4 āļĢāļ°āļ”āļąāļšāļĢāļ§āļĄ 21 āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āđāļĨāļ°āđāļšāļšāļŠāļąāļĄāļ āļēāļĐāļ“āđŒāđāļšāļšāļĄāļĩāđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡ āļ•āļēāļĄāļĢāļđāļ›āđāļšāļšāļ‹āļīāļ› (CIPP model) āļœāļđāđ‰āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨāļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļ­āļšāļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒ 3 āļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāđ„āļ”āđ‰āđāļāđˆ āļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāļŦāļąāļ§āļŦāļ™āđ‰āļēāđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļāļēāļĢ 32 āļ„āļ™āļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāļœāļđāđ‰āļšāļąāļ‡āļ„āļąāļšāļšāļąāļāļŠāļēāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļŦāļąāļ§āļŦāļ™āđ‰āļēāđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļāļēāļĢ 29 āļ„āļ™āđāļĨāļ°āļœāļđāđ‰āđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļĢāļąāļšāļšāļĢāļīāļāļēāļĢ 128āļ„āļ™ āđāļĨāļ°āđāļšāļšāļŠāļ­āļšāļ–āļēāļĄāļžāļĪāļ•āļīāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļŠāļļāļ‚āļ āļēāļž 3 Self āđ„āļ”āđ‰āđāļāđˆ āđāļšāļšāļŠāļ­āļšāļ–āļēāļĄāļāļēāļĢāļĢāļąāļšāļĢāļđāđ‰āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļąāļšāđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āļžāļĪāļ•āļīāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļŠāļļāļ‚āļ āļēāļžāļ•āļ™āđ€āļ­āļ‡ (Self-efficacy) āđāļšāļšāļŠāļ­āļšāļ–āļēāļĄāļāļēāļĢāļāļģāļāļąāļšāļžāļĪāļ•āļīāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļŠāļļāļ‚āļ āļēāļžāļ•āļ™āđ€āļ­āļ‡(Self-regulation) āđāļšāļšāļŠāļ­āļšāļ–āļēāļĄāļāļēāļĢāļ”āļđāđāļĨāļŠāļļāļ‚āļ āļēāļžāļ•āļ™āđ€āļ­āļ‡ (Self- care) āļĄāļĩāļ„āđˆāļēāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļĄāļąāđˆāļ™āļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§āđˆāļēāļ‡ 0.73-0.85 āļœāļĨāļāļēāļĢāļ§āļīāļˆāļąāļĒ āļžāļšāļ§āđˆāļē           1. āļœāļĨāļāļēāļĢāļ™āļīāđ€āļ—āļĻāđāļĨāļ°āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļĄāļīāļ™āļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§āđˆāļēāļ‡āļ”āļģāđ€āļ™āļīāļ™āđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ•āļēāļĄāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļŦāđ‡āļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡ 3 āļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄ āļĄāļĩāļŠāļ­āļ”āļ„āļĨāđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļāļąāļ™āļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡ 4 āļ”āđ‰āļēāļ™āļ„āļ·āļ­ āļ”āđ‰āļēāļ™āļšāļĢāļīāļšāļ— āļ›āļąāļˆāļˆāļąāļĒāļ™āļģāđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļāļĢāļ°āļšāļ§āļ™āļāļēāļĢāđāļĨāļ°āļœāļĨāļĨāļąāļžāļ˜āđŒāđ‚āļ”āļĒāļĢāļ§āļĄāļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāđƒāļ™āļĢāļ°āļ”āļąāļšāļ”āļĩāļĄāļēāļ           2. āļ āļēāļĒāļŦāļĨāļąāļ‡āļŠāļīāđ‰āļ™āļŠāļļāļ”āđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļāļēāļĢ āļœāļđāđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāļšāļĢāļīāļāļēāļĢāļĄāļĩāļžāļĪāļ•āļīāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļŠāļļāļ‚āļ āļēāļž 3 Self āļŠāļđāļ‡āļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™āļāļ§āđˆāļēāļāđˆāļ­āļ™āđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āļĄāļĩāļ™āļąāļĒāļŠāļģāļ„āļąāļāļ—āļēāļ‡āļŠāļ–āļīāļ•āļīāļ—āļĩāđˆāļĢāļ°āļ”āļąāļš .01           3. āļœāļđāđ‰āđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļĄāļĩāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āđāļ›āļĨāļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ”āļĩāļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™ āđ„āļ”āđ‰āđāļāđˆ āļžāļĪāļ•āļīāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļāļēāļĢāļšāļĢāļīāļŦāļēāļĢāļĢāđˆāļēāļ‡āļāļēāļĒ āļāļēāļĢāļĢāļąāļšāļ›āļĢāļ°āļ—āļēāļ™āļ­āļēāļŦāļēāļĢ āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĢāļđāđ‰ āļ—āļąāļĻāļ™āļ„āļ•āļīāđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļ›āļāļīāļšāļąāļ•āļīāļ”āđ‰āļēāļ™āļŠāļļāļ‚āļ āļēāļž āļŠāļđāļ‡āļāļ§āđˆāļē āļāđˆāļ­āļ™āđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āļĄāļĩāļ™āļąāļĒāļŠāļģāļ„āļąāļāļ—āļēāļ‡āļŠāļ–āļīāļ•āļīāļ—āļĩāđˆ .01 āđāļĨāļ°āļĄāļĩāļ„āđˆāļēāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ”āļąāļ™āđ‚āļĨāļŦāļīāļ• āļĢāļ­āļšāđ€āļ­āļ§ āļ™āđ‰āļģāļŦāļ™āļąāļāļ•āļąāļ§ āļ„āđˆāļē BMI āļĢāļ°āļ”āļąāļšāļ™āđ‰āļģāļ•āļēāļĨ āđ„āļ‚āļĄāļąāļ™āđƒāļ™āđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļ” āļˆāļģāļ™āļ§āļ™āļšāļļāļŦāļĢāļĩāđˆāļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļđāļšāļ•āđˆāļ­āļ§āļąāļ™ āļ•āđˆāļģāļāļ§āđˆāļēāļāđˆāļ­āļ™āđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āļĄāļĩāļ™āļąāļĒāļŠāļģāļ„āļąāļāļ—āļēāļ‡āļŠāļ–āļīāļ•āļīāļ—āļĩāđˆ .01 āļ„āļģāļŠāļģāļ„āļąāļ: āļāļēāļĢāļšāļĢāļīāļŦāļēāļĢāļˆāļąāļ”āļāļēāļĢāđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļāļēāļĢ āļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļĄāļīāļ™āļœāļĨ āļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļąāļšāđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āļžāļĪāļ•āļīāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļŠāļļāļ‚āļ āļēāļž&nbsp

    āļĢāļđāļ›āđāļšāļšāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļąāļĄāļžāļąāļ™āļ˜āđŒāđ€āļŠāļīāļ‡āļŠāļēāđ€āļŦāļ•āļļāļ”āđ‰āļēāļ™āļšāļļāļ„āļ„āļĨāđāļĨāļ°āļŠāļ āļēāļžāđāļ§āļ”āļĨāđ‰āļ­āļĄāđƒāļ™āļ‡āļēāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļĄāļĩāļ•āđˆāļ­ āļžāļĪāļ•āļīāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļšāļĢāļīāļāļēāļĢāļ‡āļēāļ™āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āđ€āļŠāļĢāļīāļĄāļŠāļļāļ‚āļ āļēāļžāđāļĨāļ°āļ›āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļāļąāļ™āđ‚āļĢāļ„āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļšāļļāļ„āļĨāļēāļāļĢ āļ—āļēāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāđāļžāļ—āļĒāđŒ

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    Causal Relation Model of Person and Job Environment Factorsto Service Behaviors in Health Promotion and Disease Preventionamong Health Care ProvidersThe objectives of this explanation research were to develop causal relationship of servicebehaviors in health promotion and disease prevention, and determine the effect size of supervisorsupport, job policy, job satisfaction, and job motivation influencing service behaviors amonghealth care providers working in 250 clinic classes under the universal coverage system. Samplewas 579 health care providers working in government sector, and private sector in Bangkok bystratified random sampling. The measuring instrument used for this research is a five-scaledquestionnaires with its reliability between 0.746 and 0.953. LISREL is used for analyzingconfirmatory factor, and the goodness of fit of model. Findings revealed that 1) health careproviders had an overall satisfaction to service of National Health Security Office in Bangkok(NHSO) at high level (x = 3.85, SD = .71), disease preventing and health promoting policy ofNHSO in Bangkok at highest level (x = 4.05, SD = .65), and encourage knowledge by training,conference, health manual at high level (x = 3.91, SD = .68), 2) causal model was consistent withopinion of health care providers in accepted level (χ2 / df = 1.22, RMSEA = .043, RMR = .0016,AGFI = .93, GFI = .96, CFI = 1.00, CN = 365.06). All of the factors could predict servicebehaviors in health promotion and disease prevention at 82% and job motivation at 56% and3) job motivation had influence on service behaviors in highest level at .54 (p< .05), supervisorsupport and job policy indirect effect to service behaviors bypass job satisfaction (p< .05).Keywords: service behaviors, health promotion and disease prevention, job satisfaction,job motivation, job environmentāļšāļ—āļ„āļąāļ”āļĒāđˆāļ­āļāļēāļĢāļ§āļīāļˆāļąāļĒāđ€āļŠāļīāļ‡āļ­āļ˜āļīāļšāļēāļĒāļ„āļĢāļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ™āļĩāđ‰āļĄāļĩāļ§āļąāļ•āļ–āļļāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļ‡āļ„āđŒāđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļēāļĢāļđāļ›āđāļšāļšāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļąāļĄāļžāļąāļ™āļ˜āđŒāđ€āļŠāļīāļ‡āđ€āļŦāļ•āļļāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļžāļĪāļ•āļīāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļšāļĢāļīāļāļēāļĢāļ‡āļēāļ™āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āđ€āļŠāļĢāļīāļĄāļŠāļļāļ‚āļ āļēāļžāđāļĨāļ°āļ›āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļāļąāļ™āđ‚āļĢāļ„ āđāļĨāļ°āļĻāļķāļāļĐāļēāļ­āļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļžāļĨāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ›āļąāļˆāļˆāļąāļĒāļ”āđ‰āļēāļ™āļšāļļāļ„āļ„āļĨāđāļĨāļ°āļŠāļ āļēāļžāđāļ§āļ”āļĨāđ‰āļ­āļĄ āđƒāļ™āļ‡āļēāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāđˆāļ‡āļœāļĨāļ•āđˆāļ­āļžāļĪāļ•āļīāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļšāļĢāļīāļāļēāļĢāļ‡āļēāļ™āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āđ€āļŠāļĢāļīāļĄāļŠāļļāļ‚āļ āļēāļžāđāļĨāļ°āļ›āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļāļąāļ™āđ‚āļĢāļ„āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļšāļļāļ„āļĨāļēāļāļĢāļ—āļēāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāđāļžāļ—āļĒāđŒāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ›āļāļīāļšāļąāļ•āļīāļ‡āļēāļ™āđƒāļ™āļŠāļ–āļēāļ™āļžāļĒāļēāļšāļēāļĨāđƒāļ™āļĢāļ°āļšāļšāļŦāļĨāļąāļāļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļąāļ™āļŠāļļāļ‚āļ āļēāļžāļ–āđ‰āļ§āļ™āļŦāļ™āđ‰āļē āđ€āļ‚āļ•āļāļĢāļļāļ‡āđ€āļ—āļžāļĄāļŦāļēāļ™āļ„āļĢāļˆāļģāļ™āļ§āļ™ 250 āđāļŦāđˆāļ‡ āļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāļ•āļąāļ§āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĄāļēāļˆāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāļŠāļļāđˆāļĄāđāļšāļšāđāļšāđˆāļ‡āļŠāļąāđ‰āļ™āļ āļđāļĄāļīāļ•āļēāļĄāļŦāļ™āđˆāļ§āļĒāļšāļĢāļīāļāļēāļĢāļŠāļ–āļēāļ™āļžāļĒāļēāļšāļēāļĨāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāļ•āļąāļ§āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļšāļļāļ„āļĨāļēāļāļĢāļ—āļēāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāđāļžāļ—āļĒāđŒ 579 āļ„āļ™ āđ€āļ„āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļĄāļ·āļ­āđƒāļŠāđ‰āđāļšāļšāļŠāļ­āļšāļ–āļēāļĄāļĄāļēāļ•āļĢāļ§āļąāļ” 5 āļĢāļ°āļ”āļąāļš (Îą – Coefficient āļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§āđˆāļēāļ‡ .746 - .953) āļ§āļīāđ€āļ„āļĢāļēāļ°āļŦāđŒāļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨāļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāđ‚āļ›āļĢāđāļāļĢāļĄāļĨāļīāļŠāđ€āļĢāļĨ āļœāļĨāļ§āļīāļˆāļąāļĒāļžāļšāļ§āđˆāļē 1) āļœāļđāđ‰āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļšāļĢāļīāļāļēāļĢāļ—āļēāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāđāļžāļ—āļĒāđŒāļĄāļĩāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļžāļķāļ‡āļžāļ­āđƒāļˆāđ‚āļ”āļĒāļĢāļ§āļĄāļ•āđˆāļ­āļŠāļģāļ™āļąāļāļ‡āļēāļ™āļŦāļĨāļąāļāļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļąāļ™āļŠāļļāļ‚āļ āļēāļžāđāļŦāđˆāļ‡āļŠāļēāļ•āļīāđ€āļ‚āļ• 13āļāļĢāļļāļ‡āđ€āļ—āļžāļĄāļŦāļēāļ™āļ„āļĢ āļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāđƒāļ™āļĢāļ°āļ”āļąāļšāļĄāļēāļ (x = 3.85, SD = .71) āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŦāļ™āđˆāļ§āļĒāļ‡āļēāļ™āļœāļđāđ‰āļāļģāļŦāļ™āļ”āļ™āđ‚āļĒāļšāļēāļĒ āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļĄāļĩāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļžāļķāļ‡āļžāļ­āđƒāļˆāļ•āđˆāļ­āļ™āđ‚āļĒāļšāļēāļĒāļāļēāļĢāļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āđ€āļŠāļĢāļīāļĄāļŠāļļāļ‚āļ āļēāļžāđāļĨāļ°āļ›āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļāļąāļ™āđ‚āļĢāļ„āļŠāļđāļ‡āļŠāļļāļ” āļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāđƒāļ™āļĢāļ°āļ”āļąāļšāļĄāļēāļ (x = 4.05, SD = .65) āđāļĨāļ°āļ”āđ‰āļēāļ™āļŠāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļŠāļĢāļīāļĄāļ­āļ‡āļ„āđŒāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĢāļđāđ‰āđƒāļ™āļĢāļđāļ›āđāļšāļšāļˆāļąāļ”āļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļļāļĄāļ§āļīāļŠāļēāļāļēāļĢ āļ­āļšāļĢāļĄ āļŦāļ™āļąāļ‡āļŠāļ·āļ­ āļ„āļđāđˆāļĄāļ·āļ­āļŠāļļāļ‚āļ āļēāļž (x = 3.91, SD = .68) 2) āđāļšāļšāļˆāļģāļĨāļ­āļ‡āļŠāļĄāļāļēāļĢāđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļĄāļĩāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļ­āļ”āļ„āļĨāđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļāļąāļšāļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨāđ€āļŠāļīāļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āļˆāļąāļāļĐāđŒāđƒāļ™āļĢāļ°āļ”āļąāļšāļ—āļĩāđˆāļžāļ­āļĒāļ­āļĄāļĢāļąāļšāđ„āļ”āđ‰ (χ2/df = 1.22, RMSEA = .043,RMR = .0016, AGFI = .93, GFI = .96, CFI = 1.00, CN = 365.06) āđāļĨāļ°āļžāļšāļ§āđˆāļēāļ•āļąāļ§āđāļ›āļĢāđ€āļŠāļīāļ‡āļŠāļēāđ€āļŦāļ•āļļāļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļŦāļĄāļ”āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāļāļąāļ™āļ—āļģāļ™āļēāļĒāļžāļĪāļ•āļīāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļšāļĢāļīāļāļēāļĢāļ‡āļēāļ™āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āđ€āļŠāļĢāļīāļĄāļŠāļļāļ‚āļ āļēāļžāđāļĨāļ°āļ›āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļāļąāļ™āđ‚āļĢāļ„āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāđ‰āļ­āļĒāļĨāļ° 82.00 āđāļĨāļ°āļ—āļģāļ™āļēāļĒāđāļĢāļ‡āļˆāļđāļ‡āđƒāļˆāđƒāļ™āļ‡āļēāļ™āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāđ‰āļ­āļĒāļĨāļ° 56 āđāļĨāļ° 3) āđāļĢāļ‡āļˆāļđāļ‡āđƒāļˆāđƒāļ™āļ‡āļēāļ™āļĄāļĩāļ­āļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļžāļĨāļ—āļēāļ‡āļ•āļĢāļ‡āļ•āđˆāļ­āļžāļĪāļ•āļīāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļšāļĢāļīāļāļēāļĢāļ‡āļēāļ™āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āđ€āļŠāļĢāļīāļĄāļŠāļļāļ‚āļ āļēāļžāđāļĨāļ°āļ›āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļāļąāļ™āđ‚āļĢāļ„āļŠāļđāļ‡āļŠāļļāļ”āđ€āļ—āđˆāļēāļāļąāļš .54 (p-value < .05) āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļ™āļąāļšāļŠāļ™āļļāļ™āļˆāļēāļāļœāļđāđ‰āļšāļąāļ‡āļ„āļąāļšāļšāļąāļāļŠāļēāđāļĨāļ°āļ™āđ‚āļĒāļšāļēāļĒāđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ—āļģāļ‡āļēāļ™āļĄāļĩāļ­āļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļžāļĨāļ—āļēāļ‡āļ­āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļ•āđˆāļ­āļžāļĪāļ•āļīāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļšāļĢāļīāļāļēāļĢāļ‡āļēāļ™āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āđ€āļŠāļĢāļīāļĄāļŠāļļāļ‚āļ āļēāļžāđāļĨāļ°āļ›āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļāļąāļ™āđ‚āļĢāļ„āļœāđˆāļēāļ™āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļžāļķāļ‡āļžāļ­āđƒāļˆāđƒāļ™āļ‡āļēāļ™ (p-value < .05)āļ„āļģāļŠāļģāļ„āļąāļ: āļžāļĪāļ•āļīāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļšāļĢāļīāļāļēāļĢ āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āđ€āļŠāļĢāļīāļĄāļŠāļļāļ‚āļ āļēāļžāđāļĨāļ°āļ›āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļāļąāļ™āđ‚āļĢāļ„ āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļžāļķāļ‡āļžāļ­āđƒāļˆāđƒāļ™āļ‡āļēāļ™ āđāļĢāļ‡āļˆāļđāļ‡āđƒāļˆāđƒāļ™āļ‡āļēāļ™āļŠāļ āļēāļžāđāļ§āļ”āļĨāđ‰āļ­āļĄāđƒāļ™āļ‡āļē
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