4,905 research outputs found
Some Thoughts on the Quantum Theory of de Sitter Space
This is a summary of two lectures I gave at the Davis Conference on Cosmic
Inflation. I explain why the quantum theory of de Sitter (dS) space should have
a finite number of states and explore gross aspects of the hypothetical quantum
theory, which can be gleaned from semiclassical considerations. The constraints
of a self-consistent measurement theory in such a finite system imply that
certain mathematical features of the theory are unmeasurable, and that the
theory is consequently mathematically ambiguous. There will be a universality
class of mathematical theories all of whose members give the same results for
local measurements, within the {\it a priori} constraints on the precision of
those measurements, but make different predictions for unmeasurable quantities,
such as the behavior of the system on its Poincare recurrence time scale. A toy
model of dS quantum mechanics is presented.Comment: Talk presented at Davis Inflation Meeting, 2003 {astro-ph/0304225
A New Approach to the Phenomenology of Cosmological Supersymmetry Breaking
I introduce a new low energy effective description of Cosmological SUSY
breaking. It requires the existence of a strongly interacting gauge theory at a
scale of order GeV, some of whose fields carry standard model quantum
numbers. SUSY breaking is communicated to the standard model through gaugino
masses and the Higgs multiplets. The model also provides a possible new
solution of the strong CP problemComment: JHEP Latex, 17 page
Remodeling the Pentagon After the Events of 2/23/06
The meta-stable SUSY breaking mechanism of Intriligator Seiberg and Shih can
be used to simplify the Pentagon model of TeV scale physics. The simplified
model has only a single scalar field and no troublesome low energy axion. One
significant signature is plus missing energy, where might be
the two photons of gauge mediated models, but is likely to be different. There
is a new strongly interacting sector with a scale around 1.5 TeV. The
penta-hadrons of this sector have masses of order 6 TeV or more. Dark matter is
probably the pseudo-goldstone boson of spontaneously broken penta-baryon
number. This can be a viable dark matter candidate if an appropriate asymmetry
in penta-baryon number is generated in the early universe. The pseudo-Goldstone
particle has a mass of eV and is produced predominantly in flavor
changing charged current decays of ordinary particles. The model solves the
flavor problems of SUSY, but has two low energy CP violating phases, whose
value is strongly constrained by experiment.Comment: JHEP Latex, 20 pages, 1 axodraw figur
Locality and the classical limit of quantum mechanics
I argue that conventional estimates of the criterion for classical behavior
of a macroscopic body are incorrect, because they do not take into account the
locality of interactions, which characterizes the behavior of all systems
described approximately by local quantum field theory. Black holes are the only
localized objects which do not have such a description. The deviations from
classical behavior of a macroscopic body, except for those which can be
described as classical uncertainties in the initial values of macroscopic
variables,are {\it exponentially} small as a function of the volume of the
macro-system in microscopic units.Comment: 16 pages, LaTe
SUSY Breaking, Cosmology, Vacuum Selection and the Cosmological Constant in String Theory
This is the written version of a talk given at the Santa Barbara Workshop on
Supersymmetry in December of 1995. It summarizes a collection of results on
superstring cosmology obtained by the author and various collaborators, and
contains some speculations about the resolution of the cosmological constant
and vacuum selection problems in string theory.Comment: 24 pages, harvma
Some Thoughts on the Quantum Theory of Stable de Sitter Space
I review and update ideas about the quantum theory of de Sitter space. New
results include a quantum relation between energy and entropy of states in the
causal patch, which is satisfied by small dS black holes. I also discuss the
preliminaries of a quantum theory in global coordinates, which is invariant
under a q-deformed version of the de Sitter supergroup. In this context I
outline an algebraic derivation of the CSB scaling relation between Poincare
SUSY breaking and the dS radius. I also review recent work on infra-red
divergences in dS/CFT, as well as the phenomenology of CSB. I show that a
coincidence been two scales in the phenomenological model is explained by
insisting on the existence of galaxies.Comment: JHEP3 Latex, 40 pages, 1 eps figur
Entropy and initial conditions in cosmology
I discuss the Boltzmann-Penrose question of why the initial conditions for
cosmology have low entropy. The modern version of Boltzmann's answer to this
question, due to Dyson, Kleban and Susskind, seems to imply that the typical
intelligent observer arises through thermal fluctuation, rather than cosmology
and evolution. I investigate whether this can be resolved within the string
landscape. I end with a review of the suggestion that Holographic Cosmology
provides a simpler answer to the problem. This paper is a revision of
unpublished work from the spring of 2006, combined with my talk at the Madrid
conference on String theory and Cosmology, Nov 2006.Comment: JHEP Latex, 37 page
Holographic Space-time from the Big Bang to the de Sitter era
I review the holographic theory of space-time and its applications to
cosmology. Much of this has appeared before, but the discussion is more unified
and concise. I also include some material on work in progress, whose aim is to
understand compactification in terms of finite dimensional super-algebras. This
is an expanded version of a lecture I gave at the conference on Liouville
Quantum Gravity and Statistical Systems, in memory of Alexei Zamolodchikov, at
the Poncelet Institute in Moscow, 21-24 June, 2008.Comment: 30 pages, LaTeX, Expanded version of a lecture given at the
Conference on Liouville Quantum Gravity and Statistical Systems, in honor of
Alexei Zamolodchikov, Poncelet Institute, Mosco
Cosmological Supersymmetry Breaking and the Power of the Pentagon: A Model of Low Energy Particle Physics
I present a low energy Lagrangian implementing the idea of Cosmological SUSY
breaking (CSB). The model predicts , and incorporates a
new mechanism for breaking of . The Higgs mass is determined
by new physics and can evade the bounds of the MSSM. The model resolves the CP
and flavor problems of SUSY. The up quark mass is non-vanishing. An axion-like
particle, with TeV scale decay constant, appears inevitably. Such a particle is
experimentally ruled out if it has conventional QCD axion couplings. The
problem {\it may} be avoided by adding dimension 5 operators, which explicitly
break the axial symmetry, but this probably introduces a strong CP problem.Comment: JHEP latex, 30 pages, Version 2: Revised discussion of Strong CP
violation. The dimension 5 operator, introduced to avoid observational
problems with the light axion, also reintroduces the strong CP proble
SUSY and the Holographic Screens
The Cartan-Penrose (CP) equation is interpreted as a connection between a
spinor at a point in spacetime, and a pair of holographic screens on which the
information at that point may be projected. Local SUSY is thus given a physical
interpretation in terms of the ambiguity of the choice of holographic screen
implicit in the work of Bousso. The classical CP equation is conformally
invariant, but quantization introduces metrical information via the
B(ekenstein)-H(awking)-F(ischler)-S(usskind)-B(ousso) connection between area
and entropy. A piece of the classical projective invariance survives as the
operation of Fermi statistics. I expand on a previously discussed
formulation of quantum cosmology, using the connection between SUSY and
screens
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