Arena

Newsletter of the Boston University School of Medicine, Student American Medical Association (SAMA

Arena

Newsletter of the Boston University School of Medicine, Student American Medical Association (SAMA

Libertas и политические отношения в поздней Римской республике

Данная монография предлагает сравнительный анализ идеи о libertas и ее практического воплощения в политической борьбе периода поздней Римской республики. Реконструируя представление римлян о libertas на фоне аналогичных концептов в классическую и эллинистическую эпохи, автор старается переосмыслить сущность политической борьбы в поздней Римской республике и ту роль, которую играло представление римлян о libertas в тогдашних политических отношениях.Монография включает указатель источников (c. 312-318) и общий указатель (c. 319-324)

The Effect of Taxes on Multinational Debt Location

We provide new evidence that differences in international tax rates and tax regimes affect multinational firms\u27 debt location decisions. Our sample contains 8287 debt issues from 2437 firms headquartered in 23 different countries with debt-issuing subsidiaries in 59 countries. We analyze firms\u27 marginal decisions of where to issue debt to investigate the influence of a comprehensive set of tax-related effects, including differences in personal and corporate tax rates, tax credit and exemption systems, and bi-lateral cross-country withholding taxes on interest and dividend payments. Our results show that differences in personal and corporate tax rates, the presence of dividend imputation or relief tax systems, the tax treatment of repatriated profits, and inter-country withholding taxes on dividends and interest significantly influence the decision of where to locate debt and the proportion of debt located abroad. Our results are robust to firm and issue specific factors and to the effect of legal regimes, debt market development, and exchange rate risk

ANALISIS PERAN BAURAN PEMASARAN JASA PADA KEPUTUSANPELANGGAN UNTUK MENGGUNAKAN ARENA FUTSAL(Studi Pada Champions Futsal De Rumah)

Research type which conduct this is research survey, where researcher the observation in data collecting, researcher only note the data as it is, analysing and interpreteng the data at Arena of Futsal Champion Jln.Veteran 2 Malang, (De House) with the title " Analyse The Role of Hotchpotch of Service Marketing of Decision client to Use The Arena Futsal" ( Study at Arena of Futsal Champions of Jln. Veteran 2 Malang ) ". This Research target is to know what factors product, price, place, promotion, people, process, physical evidence, and costumer service enough signifikan constitute the\ud consumer take the decision to use the service of arena of Malang futsal Champions Jl.Veteran No.2 and to know the factor of whether dominant constitute the consumer take the decision to use the service of arena of Malang futsal Champions Jl.Veteran No.2. Research Usefulness which wish reached specially for company that is result of research is later expected will be able to give the input to service of arena of Malang futsal Champions Jl.Veteran No.2 to conduct the correction. Analyzer used in this research that is by using doubled linear regresi. Pursuant to result of research and solution by using doubled linear analysis regresi is which have been done hence can be pulled by conclusion that factors product, price, place, promotion, people, process, physical evidence, and costumer service constitutoing consumer take the decision to use the service of arena of Malang futsal Champions Jl.Veteran No.2. Place represent the dominant factor constitutoing consumer take the decision to use the service of arena of Malang futsal Champions Jl.Veteran No.2. Pursuant to conclusion result from research result, is hence raised by some suggestion that is expected by for organizer of service of Unlucky arena futsal Champions to more paid attention to again hit the factors product, price, place, promotion, people, process, physical evidence, and costumer service on the chance of can create the loyalitas consumer to use the service of arena of futsal Champions. Keyword: Hotchpotch of Marketing and Customer Decision

A Survey of Litigation in Corporate Finance

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review research on litigation in corporate finance. Design/methodology/approach This paper surveys studies on the estimation of litigation risk, litigation costs, stock reaction to lawsuit announcement, and the effect of litigation on corporate financial policies and outcomes. Findings The first section presents a survey of studies that estimate litigation risk. The authors then discuss a set of studies that focus on the various costs associated with litigation. The third area of review is about studies which estimate the market reaction to a lawsuit announcement. The next section surveys studies that examine the relation between litigation and a variety of corporate policies, behaviors, and outcomes. The authors then discuss the emerging literature on how corporate political connections can influence the outcome of litigation. The survey concludes with a brief summary and a discussion of suggestions for future research involving corporate litigation. Originality/value By providing an extensive review of the literature on litigation in corporate finance, this survey can help researchers to identify recent trends in litigation research and select promising new avenues of investigation in the field

Submillimeter Astronomy

For submillimeter astronomy, particularly at 200m, the ARENA working group has proposed a 25 m telescope at the For submillimeter astronomy, particularly at 200µm, the ARENA working group has proposed a 25 m telescope at the Concordia station on Dome C. Issues related to this suggestion are reviewed

A deseeded Avena test method for small amounts of auxin and auxin precursors

In 1927 Went isolated the growth promoting hormone, auxin, from the tip of the Arena coleoptile, and worked out the now well known Arena test method for its quantitative determination. By the use of this method the chemistry and many phases of the physiological action of auxin have been studied. In physiological work, however, the amounts of hormone involved are frequently so small that quantitative or even qualitative work has often been very difficult or impossible. In this article is presented a supplementary procedure with deseeded Arena seedlings whereby smaller concentrations of the hormone not detectable by the standard method can be quantitatively determined. By the use of this method it has also been possible to demonstrate directly the existence of substances capable of being converted into auxin by the plant. Some data relative to the presence of a precursor of auxin in Arena and synthetic precursors of hereto-auxin are included

When Managers Bypass Shareholder Approval of Board Appointments: Evidence from the Private Security Market

This paper investigates the influence of managerial entrenchment on private placements by examining the firm\u27s decision to appoint representatives of the private investors to the board without shareholder approval. By analyzing a sample of U.S. firms that appoint directors in combination with private offerings between 1995 and 2000, we find that firms with greater managerial entrenchment are more likely to bypass shareholder approval. Firms that bypass shareholders are less likely to appoint independent directors or to elect one of these directors as chairman. We also show that the market reacts more positively to the private offering announcement when the firm submits its board candidates for shareholder approval. Further, firms that bypass approval underperform compared to firms that obtain it. Overall our findings suggest that managers avoid shareholder approval to perpetuate entrenchment

Knowledge and beliefs in economics: the case of the Austrian tradition

The contribution focuses on the problem of the influence of individual knowledge and beliefs on the working of economic activity, within the Austrian tradition of economic thought. More specifically, the contributions of von Mises, Hayek and Schumpeter are investigated. These contributions show a large variety of answers concerning the relation between individual and social beliefs. This variety is not exhaustive but it substantially contributes to a better understanding of contemporary theoretical debates.Individual/social beliefs, shared Knowledge, subjectivism, social rules