Antonyms as lexical constructions: or, why paradigmatic construction is not an oxymoron

This paper argues that antonymy is a syntagmatic as well as a paradigmatic relation, and that antonym pairs constitute a particular type of construction. This position relies on three observations about antonymy in discourse: (1) antonyms tend to co-occur in sentences, (2) they tend to co-occur in particular contrastive constructions, and (3) unlike other paradigmatic relations, antonymy is lexical as well as semantic in nature. CxG offers a means to treat both the contrastive constructions and conventionalised antonym pairings as linguistic constructions, thus providing an account of how semantically paradigmatic relations come to be syntagmatically realised as well. After reviewing the relevant characteristics of CxG, it looks at some of the phrasal contexts in which antonyms tend to co-occur and argues that at least some of these constitute constructions with contrastive import. It then sketches a new type of discontinuous lexical construction that treats antonym pairs as lexical items, and raises issues for further discussion

Distinguishing Antonyms and Synonyms in a Pattern-based Neural Network

Distinguishing between antonyms and synonyms is a key task to achieve high performance in NLP systems. While they are notoriously difficult to distinguish by distributional co-occurrence models, pattern-based methods have proven effective to differentiate between the relations. In this paper, we present a novel neural network model AntSynNET that exploits lexico-syntactic patterns from syntactic parse trees. In addition to the lexical and syntactic information, we successfully integrate the distance between the related words along the syntactic path as a new pattern feature. The results from classification experiments show that AntSynNET improves the performance over prior pattern-based methods.Comment: EACL 2017, 10 page

Enhancing Word Embeddings with Knowledge Extracted from Lexical Resources

In this work, we present an effective method for semantic specialization of word vector representations. To this end, we use traditional word embeddings and apply specialization methods to better capture semantic relations between words. In our approach, we leverage external knowledge from rich lexical resources such as BabelNet. We also show that our proposed post-specialization method based on an adversarial neural network with the Wasserstein distance allows to gain improvements over state-of-the-art methods on two tasks: word similarity and dialog state tracking.Comment: Accepted to ACL 2020 SR

Neural Natural Language Inference Models Enhanced with External Knowledge

Modeling natural language inference is a very challenging task. With the availability of large annotated data, it has recently become feasible to train complex models such as neural-network-based inference models, which have shown to achieve the state-of-the-art performance. Although there exist relatively large annotated data, can machines learn all knowledge needed to perform natural language inference (NLI) from these data? If not, how can neural-network-based NLI models benefit from external knowledge and how to build NLI models to leverage it? In this paper, we enrich the state-of-the-art neural natural language inference models with external knowledge. We demonstrate that the proposed models improve neural NLI models to achieve the state-of-the-art performance on the SNLI and MultiNLI datasets.Comment: Accepted by ACL 201

Kohesi Leksikal Antonimi dalam Teks Terjemahan Alquran (Surah Makiyyah)

This study aims to present a variety of shapes, to indentify the type of antonymy lexical cohesion in text translation of the Quran (sura Makiyyah), and to explain the meaning of the translated text of the Quran (sura Makiyyah) that are containing antonymy. This is qualitative research. The design of this research is content analysis. The data in this study are the word and the language that indicate antonymy. Source of data used in this research is the translated text of the Quran (sura Makiyyah). Techniques of collecting data in this research are the see and record methods. This study uses the technique of triangulation theory, namely the study of semantics and discourse. This study uses padan and agih as data analysis techniques. The basic technique used of padan, is referential classify. The advanced techniques is same comparation connectifity. The basic technique used of agih, is the technique for direct element (BUL). The advanced techniques are inserted, replacement, and expand techniques. Based on the analysis, there are three findings. (1) The lexical cohesion (antonymy) contained in the text of the translated text of the Quran (sura Makiyyah) there are some kinds of variations, there are (a) antonymy between word by word (40%), (b) antonymy between words with phrases (4%), (c) antonymy between phrases with phrases (40%), (d) antonymy between clause by clause (39%), (e) antonymy between clause with sentences (1%), (d) antonymy between sentences by sentences (1%). (2) Five types of antonymy in the text of the translation of the Quran (sura Makiyyah), namely antonymy contradiction (59%), place (21%), level (9%), relationship (8%), and mutual responses (3%). (3) The meaning is contained in the translated text (sura Makiyyah) are warnings, commands and prohibitions of Allah to the Prophet Muhammad and his people, as well as residents of Mecca at the time of the Prophet Muhammad. In addition, the stories of the previous prophets and the laws of Islam are also described in the text of the Quran translation (sura Makiyyah)

TELAAH SYAIR LAGU MINANG ALBUM BOY SHANDY

Represent Song oral discourse, write and art, so That potency to have studied linguisticsly. Song lyrics have brief language, Owning rhythm, and contain values and educative of the which is aesthetic, and be expressed poeticly Also cans. And so do the Things of with songs of Minang happily sung by Boy Shane, its very attractive Song Lyric Because having separate specification, specially at the aspect of lexical. The target of this research is to Explain and describe about usage of the aspect of lexical in two albums of Minang Padiah Diseso and Long Shadow In Blue Cloud warbled by Boy shandy covering: form usage of repeatation repetition, synonymy (correspond word), collocation (sit side by side words), antonyms (word opponent / meaning Opposition), hiponimi ([relation / link] to the unders) and equivalence (form correspondence). Method Used in the which is this qualitative research is descriptive method, namely try to elaborate and describe of lexical aspect. Technique of data collecting in this research is technique of refer-note. While the data processing of research Analyse with use of [is tables of ananlisis. The data in this research is in the form of words, phrases, sentence or clause showing the existence of usage of the aspect of lexical covering usage of repeatation (repetition), synonym (correspond word), collocation (sit side by side word), hiponimi ( [relation / link] to the unders), antonymy (word opponent / meaning opsisi), and equivalence (form correspondence) in bardic discourse of song of Minang the which there are in the album of Boy Shane (Padiah Diseso Shadow and Long [In] Blue Cloud). While Becoming the source of the data in this research is in the form of bardic discourse of song of Minang the which there are in two-song album of Boy Shane the which produced by PT. Carolina Record Field. Result of this research indicate That usage of the aspect of lexical items in the album cover of Boy Shandy: a) repeatation (restating), what consist of epizeuksis, anaphora, epistrofa, anadiplosis, and is intact, For example repetition of the word of trail (I [ is]), uda (elder brother), and adiak ([sister / brother]), b) synonymy (correspond word), what consist of synonym [Among / Between] free morpheme and morpheme tied, synonym [Among / Between] word with words, and synonym [Among / Between] and word of phrase, for example word synonym of trail (and me) of den me, c) collocation (sit side by side word), for example in love domain, d) antonymy ( Opposition meaning) what consist of absolute Opposition, Opposition of pole, [relation / link] Opposition, Opposition of hierarkial and, Opposition of compound, for example word of nyalo (flame) with Extinct word (death), e) hiponimi, for example month; moon (month, moon), star (star), the which is berhipernim with external objects of space and, f) equivalence, for example the use of words long (word and longing) of marindu (miss) coming from a long word (long)