A Limited Symmetry Found by Comparing Calculated Magnetic Dipole Spin and Orbital Strengths in ^4\mbox{He}

Allowing for $2$$\hbar \omega$ admixtures in ^4\mbox{He} we find that the summed magnetic dipole isovector orbital and spin strengths are equal. This indicates a symmetry which is associated with interchanging the labels of the spin with those of the orbit. Where higher admixtures are included, the orbital sum becomes larger than the spin sum, but the sums over the low energy region are still nearly the same.Comment: 13 pages, revtex, 1 ps file appende

Mirror matter admixtures and isospin breaking in the \Delta I=1/2 rule in \Omega^- two body non-leptonic decays

We discuss a description of \Omega^- two body non-leptonic decays based on possible, albeit tiny, admixtures of mirror matter in ordinary hadrons. The \Delta I=1/2 rule enhancement is obtained as a result of isospin symmetry and, more importantly, the rather large observed deviations from this rule result from small isospin breaking. This analysis lends support to the possibility that the enhancement phenomenon observed in low energy weak interactions may be systematically described by mirror matter admixtures in ordinary hadrons.Comment: Changed conten

Fermionic Symmetries: Extension of the two to one Relationship Between the Spectra of Even-Even and Neighbouring Odd mass Nuclei

In the single j shell there is a two to one relationship between the spectra of certain even-even and neighbouring odd mass nuclei e.g. the calculated energy levels of J=0^+ states in ^{44}Ti are at twice the energies of corresponding levels in ^{43}Ti(^{43}Sc) with J=j=7/2. Here an approximate extension of the relationship is made by adopting a truncated seniority scheme i.e. for ^{46}Ti and ^{45}Sc we get the relationship if we do not allow the seniority v=4 states to mix with the v=0 and v=2 states. Better than that, we get very close to the two to one relationship if seniority v=4 states are admixed perturbatively. In addition, it is shown that the higher isospin states do not contain seniority 4 admixtures.Comment: 11 pages, RevTex file and no figures, typos added, references changed and changed content

The Role of 5-quark Components on the Nucleon Form Factors

The covariant quark model is shown to allow a phenomenological description of the neutron electric form factor, G_E^n(Q^2), in the impulse approximation, provided that the wave function contains minor (~ 3 %) admixtures of the lowest sea-quark configurations. While that form factor is not very sensitive to whether the \bar q in the qqqq\bar q component is in the P-state or in the S-state, the calculated nucleon magnetic form factors are much closer to the empirical values in the case of the former configuration. In the case of the electric form factor of the proton, G_E^p(Q^2), a zero appears in the impulse approximation close to 9 GeV^2, when the \bar q is in the P-state. That configuration, which may be interpreted as a pion loop ("cloud") fluctuation, also leads to a clearly better description of the nucleon magnetic moments. When the amplitude of the sea-quark admixtures are set so as to describe the electric form factor of the neutron, the qqqq\bar q admixtures have the phenomenologically desirable feature, that the electric form factor of the proton falls at a more rapid rate with momentum transfer than the magnetic form factor.Comment: To appear in Nuclear Physics

Turbulent diffusion of chemically reacting gaseous admixtures

We study turbulent diffusion of chemically reacting gaseous admixtures in a developed turbulence. In our previous study [Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 80}, 69 (1998)] using a path-integral approach for a delta-correlated in time random velocity field, we demonstrated a strong modification of turbulent transport in fluid flows with chemical reactions or phase transitions. In the present study we use the spectral tau approximation, that is valid for large Reynolds and Peclet numbers, and show that turbulent diffusion of the reacting species can be strongly depleted by a large factor that is the ratio of turbulent and chemical times (turbulent Damk\"{o}hler number). We have demonstrated that the derived theoretical dependence of turbulent diffusion coefficient versus the turbulent Damk\"{o}hler number is in a good agreement with that obtained previously in the numerical modelling of a reactive front propagating in a turbulent flow and described by the Kolmogorov-Petrovskii-Piskunov-Fisher equation. We have found that turbulent cross-effects, e.g., turbulent mutual diffusion of gaseous admixtures and turbulent Dufour-effect of the chemically reacting gaseous admixtures, are less sensitive to the values of stoichiometric coefficients. The mechanisms of the turbulent cross-effects are different from the molecular cross effects known in irreversible thermodynamics. In a fully developed turbulence and at large Peclet numbers the turbulent cross-effects are much larger than the molecular ones. The obtained results are applicable also to heterogeneous phase transitions.Comment: 10 pages, 1 figures, REVTEX4-1, revised versio

Mass Uncertainties of f0(600) and f0(1370) and their Effects on Determination of the Quark and Glueball Admixtures of the I=0 Scalar Mesons

Within a nonlinear chiral Lagrangian framework the correlations between the quark and glueball admixtures of the isosinglet scalar mesons below 2 GeV and the current large uncertainties on the mass of the f0(600) and the f0(1370) are studied. The framework is formulated in terms of two scalar meson nonets (a two-quark nonet and a four-quark nonet) together with a scalar glueball. It is shown that while some properties of these states are sensitive to the mass of f0(600) and f0(1370), several relatively robust conclusions can be made: The f0(600), the f0(980), and the f0(1370) are admixtures of two and four quark components, with f0(600) being dominantly a non-strange four-quark state, and f0(980) and f0(1370) having a dominant two-quark component. Similarly, the f0(1500) and the f0(1710) have considerable two and four quark admixtures, but in addition have a large glueball component. For each state, a detailed analysis providing the numerical estimates of all components is given. It is also shown that this framework clearly favors the experimental values: m[f0(600)] < 700 MeV and m[f0(1370)] = 1300-1450 MeV. Moreover, an overall fit to the available data shows a reciprocal substructure for the f0(600) and the f0(1370), and a linear correlation between their masses of the form m [f0(1370)] = 0.29 m[f0(600)] + 1.22 GeV. The scalar glueball mass of 1.5-1.7 GeV is found in this analysis.Comment: placement of figures inside text improved. Content unchange

Mirror matter admixtures in K_S to gamma gamma

The latest measurement of the K_S to gamma gamma branching ratio clearly shows an enhancement over the current theoretical prediction. As in other K and B meson decays, this invites to consider the possibility of the contribution of new physics. We study a particular form of the latter, which may be referred to as manifest mirror symmetry. The experimental data are described using previously determined values for the mixing angles of the admixtures of mirror matter in ordinary hadrons and by assuming that for pi^0, eta, eta', the mirror decay amplitudes have the same magnitudes as their ordinary counterparts

Scattering of Two Spinless Particles in 3D Formulation with Coulomb Admixtures

Scattering of two spinless charge particles for simple forces including coulomb admixtures is calculated without partial wave decomposition. The coulomb interaction being taken is of the type of screened coulomb potential. For the forces range are not infinite, the standard scattering theory is applied. The differential and total cross section is calculated and coulomb effects are shown.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure

Sustainable Concrete for the 21st Century Concept of Strength through Durability

The world is passing through difficult and troubled times, and we live in a rapidly changing world. The construction industry is facing many challenges – global warming, climate change forces, and the capability to achieve sustainable development and economic progress without damaging our environment. The concrete industry in particular faces further challenges. There is extensive evidence to show that concrete materials and concrete structures all over the world are deteriorating at a rapid rate, and that we are unable to ensure their long-term durable service life performance. To confound this situation, we are also faced with an urgent need to regenerate our infrastructure systems if we are to eradicate poverty and provide a decent Quality of Life for all the peoples of the world. This paper shows that the current emphasis on high strength and very high strength, and the design philosophy of Durability through Strength for concrete materials and concrete structures is fundamentally flawed. It is this misleading concept and vision that is primarily responsible for the lack of durable performance of concrete in real life environments. To change this scenario, this paper advocates that concrete materials must be manufactured for durability and not for strength. It is shown that this concept of Strength through Durability can be achieved through careful design of the cement matrix and its microstructure. If concrete is to be an eco-friendly, and sustainable driving force and construction material for social change, the need is to produce durable concrete with strengths of 30 to 60 to 80 MPa rather than very high strength concrete without an assured durable performance