Physico-chemical and Sensory Evaluation of Market Yoghurt in Nigeria

This study examined the quality of some yoghurts made and sold in the Nigerian market. Nine commercially available brands of yoghurt drinks which represent seven different manufacturers were randomly selected. The samples included seven plain yoghurt and two fruit yoghurt samples. All yoghurt samples were analyzed for chemical properties (moisture%, ash %, total solids, SNF, fat, pH and titratable acidity) and the organoleptic tests (color, thickness, appearance, body, texture, taste, smell, flavor and over all acceptability). The results of the study showed that the physico-chemical composition of the manufactured yogurts was different. The pH values of the samples ranged between 3.70-4.33 which were reasonably suitable for yoghurt marketed in tropical areas. No direct relationship was observed between pH values and titratable acidity. There was marked variation in the % fat content of the products. The results of the sensory evaluation revealed that flavor with respect to taste and smell had significant influence (p<0.05) on overall acceptability of yogurt product. So, the yogurt manufacturers need to improve on the sensory properties in particular flavor and taste for better consumer acceptability. Also, they may improve on packaging by labeling to specifications that precisely represent the content and type

The Effects of Temulawak extract and Yoghurt on HDL-LDL mice blood exposed waste cooking oil

Using cooking oil repeatedly in processing the fried foods can cause health problems, especially cholesterol metabolism that affect levels of HDL, LDL, triglycerides and total cholesterol blood that can cause blockage of blood vessels leading to coronary heart disease. This study aimed to determine the effect of temulawak extracts and yoghurt in lowering levels of LDL-HDL mice after given used cooking oil. The Treatments were temulawak extract at a dose of 280 mg/kg bw mice and 560 mg/kg bw mice and yoghurt concentration of 4% of the body weight of mice. Parameters measured were the levels of HDL (High Density Lipoprotein) and LDL (Low Density Lipoprotein). The results showed that temulawak extract 560 mg/kg bw and yoghurt 4 % bw effective in increasing HDL levels and decreasing LDL levels mice blood

Sales of frozen yoghurt in winter in KiwiYo

This research is conducted to develop marketing strategies to increase sales of frozen yoghurt by KiwiYo. This report could also be helpful for any other ice cream or frozen yoghurt shops because this study might provide innovative strategies that could solve the problem faced by retailers of decrease in sales during winter. This is a research topic that has not previously been extensively studied even though it has a potential market of 74.96 billion by 2024. It has the potential to grow even further while taking it to account that the market dips in the winter season. Finding a viable solution to keep up the sales during winter is a necessary yet challenging task. The data for the research was collected by customer survey and employee interview. The challenges faced in the ice cream/frozen yoghurt industry is due to climate changes, and the best solution is product diversification. In that way outlets will not suffer loss and can make up sales figures in summer without suffering in the winter

Wheat bread with dairy products - Technology, nutritional and sensory properties

Featured Application: Bakery industry, as nutritional and functional breads, with a considerable contribution to balance the daily diet for children and seniors in terms of proteins and mineralsAs the relation between diet and health became a priority for the consumers, the development of healthy foods enriched with functional ingredients increased substantially. Dairy products represent an alternative for new products and can be used to enhance the functional and nutritional value of bakery products. The addition of yoghurt and curd cheese to wheat bread was studied, and the impact on the dough rheology, microstructure, bread quality, and sensory properties were evaluated. Dairy product additions from 10 to 50 g and higher levels up to 70 g of yoghurt and 83 g of curd cheese were tested. Replacements were performed on wheat flour basis and water absorption. It was observed that the yoghurt additions had a positive impact on the rheology characteristics of the dough. For curd cheese additions, the best dough evaluated on extension was the 30 g of wheat flour formulation. In both cases, the microstructure analysis supported the results obtained for doughs and breads. These breads showed a significant improvement on nutrition profile, which is important to balance the daily diet in terms of major and trace minerals and is important for health-enhancing and maintenance. Good sensorial acceptability for breads with 50 g of yoghurt and 30 g of curd cheese was obtainedinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN DAN PENERIMAAN ORGANOLEPTIK YOGHURT SARI WORTEL (DAUCUS CARROTA L)

Latar Belakang: Aktivitas antioksidan dapat menetralisir radikal bebas dalam tubuh dan mencegah penyakit kronik degeneratif. Yoghurt merupakan pangan fungsional yang memiliki berbagai manfaat kesehatan. Untuk meningkatkan aktivitas antioksidan pada yoghurt, ditambahkan sari wortel sebagai sumber pangan tinggi aktivitas antioksidan. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan sari wortel terhadap aktivitas antioksidan dan penerimaan organoleptik yoghurt. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian true eksperimental dengan randomisasi dan tiga perlakuan, yaitu penambahan sari wortel 0% (kontrol), 15%, dan 20% pada yoghurt dengan probiotik Lactobacillus bulgaricus dan Streptococcus thermophillus. Data yang dikumpulkan adalah aktivitas antioksidan, β-karoten, MPN, pH, dan penerimaan organoleptik yoghurt. Analisis statistik menggunakan uji One-way ANOVA/Kruskal-Wallis dan uji post-hoc LSD/Mann-Whitney. Hasil: Penambahan sari wortel terbukti meningkatkan aktivitas antioksidan, β-karoten, dan MPN, serta menurunkan pH yoghurt. Penerimaan warna oleh panelis semakin meningkat dengan penambahan sari wortel, sedangkan penerimaan rasa sebaliknya. Penerimaan tekstur terbaik adalah yoghurt dengan penambahan sari wortel 15%. Penerimaan aroma tidak dipengaruhi oleh penambahan sari wortel. Simpulan: Yoghurt yang memiliki aktivitas antioksidan, kadar β-karoten, dan MPN tertinggi adalah yoghurt dengan penambahan sari wortel 20%. Sedangkan yoghurt yang paling disukai panelis secara keseluruhan adalah yoghurt dengan penambahan sari wortel 15%

Headspace analysis of natural yoghurt using headspace solid phase microextraction : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Philosophy in Food Technology at Massey University (Turitea Campus), Palmerston North, New Zealand

The Solid Phase Microextraction (SPME) method was originally developed to extract volatile and semivolatile compounds from wastewater samples but has since been applied to flavour compounds in foods and beverages. Research using the HS-SPME in related areas such as cheese and skim milk powder has been carried out but, to date, no work has been done on yoghurt flavours. The main objective of this study was to devise a methodology for the Headspace Solid Phase Microextraction (HS-SPME) technique to investigate and quantify six flavour analytes in natural, set yoghurts made from recombined milk. The relevant literature was reviewed and from it, a research proposal for this work on yoghurts was drawn. The first step in analysing and quantifying the yoghurt volatiles was to set up a working methodology for the HS-SPME method. The 100 μm polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) fibre was chosen along with 20 minutes being the optimum fibre adsorption time. General equipment, materials and methods used throughout this thesis are also detailed. The external standard (ES) method was used to calibrate the GC and quantify the analyte concentrations in this study. The internal standard (IS) method was not used as a quantitative tool in this study. Once the HS-SPME methodology had been set up for the analysis of yoghurts, the classical Static Headspace (SH) method was compared with the HS-SPME method for extraction efficiency. The results suggested that the two methods were complementary in that the SH method extracted the more volatile compounds (acetaldehyde, acetone and 2-butanone) whereas, the HS-SPME method extracted the semi- to non-volatile compounds (ethanol, diacetyl and acetoin) more readily. However, the HS-SPME was found to be the more sensitive and effective method of the two techniques tested. The next step in the thesis was to investigate the presence of the six analytes in milk and cultured yoghurt. The effects of the sample matrix, fat levels and incubation on the volatile concentrations were also examined. The results suggested that the six analytes were inherently present in milks but at low concentrations. No conclusive effects were found for the sample matrix, fat levels and incubation. However, it was evident that fermentation of the milks using bacterial starter cultures resulted in a large increase in some of the volatiles being investigated. Following this, the effects of fat levels, storage time and storage temperature on the six volatiles in yoghurts were examined. The results indicated that significant fat level effects were only seen for diacetyl and acetoin, while temperature effects were only observed for ethanol. In both trials, only general trends for the analytes concentrations were drawn because the data varied from day to day. The results suggested that most of the compounds decreased with time except for diacetyl, which seemed to increase. The final part of this study looked at applying the devised HS-SPME methodology to a series of commercial yoghurts as a preliminary trial, with a view to investigating a potential application for the HS-SPME method. Fourteen commercial yoghurts were analysed and the six analytes quantified. The data obtained was analysed using Principle Component Analysis (PCA), which divided the yoghurts into groups based on their analyte concentrations. From these groupings, eight yoghurts were selected and fresh samples were analysed using HS-SPME and PCA. This was carried out parallel with an untrained consumer panel, which had to distinguish differences between the yoghurts in a series of triangle tests by smelling the headspace on opening the yoghurt containers. The conclusions drawn were that, unlike the HS-SPME method with PCA, the average consumer could not differentiate the yoghurts based on smell alone. PCA also showed that the HS-SPME results obtained were fairly reproducible. In conclusion, the HS-SPME method was shown to be a useful analytical technique, which can be used to analyse and quantify flavour compounds in natural, set yoghurts. This area of investigation has a lot of scope, with the results from this study providing a basis or starting point for further investigations in this area. Future studies may lead to potential applications for the HS-SPME method, one of which may be quality control where correlation of sensory data with HS-SPME analytical data is required

Modulating Linker Composition of Haptens Resulted in Improved Immunoassay for Histamine.

Histamine (HA) is an important food contaminant generated during food fermentation or spoilage. However, an immunoassay for direct (derivatization free) determination of HA has rarely been reported due to its small size to induce the desired antibodies by its current hapten-protein conjugates. In this work, despite violating the classical hapten design criteria which recommend introducing a linear aliphatic (phenyl free) linker into the immunizing hapten, a novel haptens, HA-245 designed and synthesized with a phenyl-contained linker, exhibited significantly enhanced immunological properties. Thus, a quality-improved monoclonal antibody (Mab) against HA was elicited by its hapten-carrier conjugates. Then, as the linear aliphatic linker contained haptens, Hapten B was used as linker-heterologous coating haptens to eliminate the recognition of linker antibodies. Indirect competitive ELISA (ic-ELISA) was developed with a 50% inhibition concentration (IC50) of 0.21 mg/L and a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.06 mg/L in buffer solution. The average recoveries of HA from spiked food samples for this ic-ELISA ranged from 84.1% and 108.5%, and the analysis results agreed well with those of referenced LC-MS/MS. This investigation not only realized derivatization-free immunoassay for HA, but also provided a valuable guidance for hapten design and development of immunoassay for small molecules

Perbedaan Kadar Kolesterol Total Sebelum dan Sesudah Pemberian Yoghurt pada Wanita Menopause dengan Hiperkolesterolemia di Panti Sosial Tresna Wredha Pucang Gading Semarang

Latar belakang :Dari penelitian epidemiologis terbukti bahwa dislipidemia merupakan faktor resiko utama terjadinya aterosklerosis dan penyakit jantung koroner. Hiperkolesterolemia merupakan salah satu kelainan metabolisme lemak yang ditandai dengan peningkatan kadar kolesterol total puasa dalam darah. Tingginya kadar kolesterol dalam darah dapat diturunkan dengan intervensi diit. Yoghurt merupakan salah satu alternatif minuman yang dapat menurunkan kolesterol. Sejumlah asam – asam organik seperti asam glukoronat, propionat, folat dan laktat dapat berperan dalam penurunan kolesterol. Tujuan : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan kadar kolesterol total sebelum dan sesudah pemberian yoghurt pada wanita menopause dengan hiperkolesterolemia. Metode : Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen dengan rancangan one group pre test – post test design. Subyek diambil menggunakan dengan cara purposive, besar subyek penelitian ini adalah 15 orang. Total kolesterol diukur pada waktu sebelum dan sesudah intervensi. Selama intervensi asupan energi, protein, lemak, karbohidrat dan kolesterol dianalisis dengan menggunakan program Nutisoft. Uji Wilcoxon digunakan untuk menganalisis data yang dikumpulkan. Hasil : Hasil pemeriksaan kolesterol total awal didapatkan rerata sebesar 220,59 mg/dl yang termasuk dalam kategori batas tinggi. Rerata asupan yoghurt subjek sebesar 171,66 ml. Kolesterol total subjek setelah pemberian yogurt mengalami penurunan dari 220,59 mg/dl menjadi 168,28 mg/dl (23,71 %) setelah mengkonsumsi yoghurt selama 12 hari. Hasil uji Wilcoxon menunjukan bahwa terjadi perbedaan kadar kolesterol total sebelum dan sesudah pemberian yoghurt yang bermakna dengan p=0,001 (p < 0,05). Simpulan : Terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna antara kolesterol total sebelum dan sesudah pemberian yoghurt pada wanita menopause dengan hiperkolesterolemia

Identification of yeasts present in artisanal yoghurt and traditionally fermented milks consumed in the northern part of Cameroon

Bacteria generally ferment milk but, sometimes, yeasts are found in fermented milks. The presence of these yeasts in the microbial community of some fermented milks could be intentional or accidental. The Diversity of yeasts in the products was investigated using a molecular technique employing variable regions of 26S rDNA profiles generated by PCR-DGGE (Polymerase Chain Reaction-Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis). Two types of samples: artisanal or handcraft yoghurt and traditionally fermented milks were collected in three towns of the three regions of the northern part of Cameroon. Firstly, a comparison was made between the 16 traditionally fermented milks collected in Maroua, Garoua and Ngaoundre each of the 3 regions. Secondly, it was between 26 artisanal fermented milks of each region and finally, between the two types of products. The different PCR-DGGE 26S rDNA profiles obtained were analyzed and DNA sequencing was used to compare yeasts from each method of production. Twelve (12) species of Yeasts were identified as: Malassezia globosa, Hanseniaspora uvarum, Galactomyces candidum, Candida tropicalis, Aureobasidium pullulans, Torulaspora globosa, Saccharomyces cerevisiae/paradoxus, Pichia kluyveri, Candida parapsilosis, Torulaspora delbrueckii, Kluyveromyces marxianus, Candida orthopsilosis and Pseudozyma sp. Yeast diversity was higher for artisanal fermented milks (yoghurt) with at least 10 species, while for traditionally non packed fermented milks only 5 species were identified with a predominance strain of Galactomyces candidum, Candida parapsilosis, Torulaspora delbrueckii, Saccharomyces cerevisiae/paradoxus and Kluyveromyces marxianus. The different species of yeast might be introduced accidentally in artisanal yoghurt; however, for traditionally fermented milks their presence might be associated to the starter