Bayesian leave-one-out cross-validation for large data

Model inference, such as model comparison, model checking, and model selection, is an important part of model development. Leave-one-out cross-validation (LOO) is a general approach for assessing the generalizability of a model, but unfortunately, LOO does not scale well to large datasets. We propose a combination of using approximate inference techniques and probability-proportional-to-size-sampling (PPS) for fast LOO model evaluation for large datasets. We provide both theoretical and empirical results showing good properties for large data.Comment: Accepted to ICML 2019. This version is the submitted pape

Distilling importance sampling

The two main approaches to Bayesian inference are sampling and optimisation methods. However many complicated posteriors are difficult to approximate by either. Therefore we propose a novel approach combining features of both. We use a flexible parameterised family of densities, such as a normalising flow. Given a density from this family approximating the posterior, we use importance sampling to produce a weighted sample from a more accurate posterior approximation. This sample is then used in optimisation to update the parameters of the approximate density, which we view as distilling the importance sampling results. We iterate these steps and gradually improve the quality of the posterior approximation. We illustrate our method in two challenging examples: a queueing model and a stochastic differential equation model.Comment: This version adds a second application, and fixes some minor error