Transnational encounters : crossing borders in Galician translation and interpreting studies

Exploring the ways in which languages and cultures interact across borders becomes particularly relevant in our increasingly interconnected world, as it ultimately enables an in depth understanding of how societies influence each other. Translation and interpreting, as mediating forces in transnational encounters, offer critical insights into this continuous crosscultural dialogue and negotiation. Of special interest for the Galician context, research into translation and interpreting —especially after the so-called cultural turn in the discipline— has often exposed asymmetrical power relations between languages and cultures and put forward alternatives to challenge them. Indeed, this has been one of the recurrent tropes in Galician Translation and Interpreting Studies scholarship since the 1990s

MAINTAINING VERNACULARS TO PROMOTE PEACE AND TOLERANCEIN MULTILINGUAL COMMUNITY IN INDONESIA

Indonesia is a large nation in terms of ethnics, cultures, and vernaculars. Indonesian constitution guarantees that the cultures, vernaculars will be taken care of by the government. Thiss in line with the UNESCO recommendation, to preserve vernaculars as the world culturalheritage. The most important thing is that preserving vernaculars will promote peace andsolidarity in multilingual community. In reality, speakers of many vernaculars in Indonesia aregetting less and less. Sneddon states that this is caused by lingua franca and language shift (2003:203). Areas of higher linguistic diversity like Indonesia always need means of interethniccommunication, i.e. lingua franca. People shift to lingua franca may cause vernacular speakersdecline rapidly, which may cause language decay. The teaching of vernaculars only at the passiveevel, not emphasizing writing and reading will fasten the language decay.Vernaculars will bepreserved if they are respected, used, and inherited to the following generation. Friberg (2011)ates that languages that can be maintained are the ones written and can be read. We should notonly use our national language, but also our vernaculars in order to maintain our regionalanguages. And as people of multilingual community, it is better if we are multilingual. It should beborne in mind that vernaculars reflect local cultures, local values, local identity. The exposure toregional languages will make people familiar with the languages. And as a result, the people willbe familiar with their own cultural values and other people‘s cultural values. Komorowska (2010)aims that understanding others‘ languages will promote understanding and communicationbetween citizens. And this will lead to peace process, to deeper knowledge of other communitiesand their cultures, and in consequence to promote tolerance

ЕЛІМІНАЦІЯ МОВ І КУЛЬТУР ЯК РЕЗУЛЬТАТ ГЛОБАЛІЗАЦІЙНИХ ПРОЦЕСІВ (Elimination of the languages and cultures as a result of global processes)

У статті розглядається проблема взаємозв’язку мов і культур, а також стан мов, які перебувають на межі зникнення. На основі прикладів подається різниця лексичного запасу мов відповідно до їх культурної приналежності. Висвітлюється небезпека повної елімінації мов. Розвідка здійснюється на основі сучасних досліджень про мови. (The article «The Elimination of Languages and Cultures as a Result of Global Processes» deals with the problem of interrelation of languages and cultures as well as with the problem of languages on the verge of distinction. On the basis of the examples provided it highlights the differences in the lexical stock of languages according to their cultural identity. The article also renders the issue of the full language elimination. It is done on the basis of the researches concerning world languages and the importance of the existing cultures preservation.

Connecting Dream Networks Across Cultures

Many species dream, yet there remain many open research questions in the study of dreams. The symbolism of dreams and their interpretation is present in cultures throughout history. Analysis of online data sources for dream interpretation using network science leads to understanding symbolism in dreams and their associated meaning. In this study, we introduce dream interpretation networks for English, Chinese and Arabic that represent different cultures from various parts of the world. We analyze communities in these networks, finding that symbols within a community are semantically related. The central nodes in communities give insight about cultures and symbols in dreams. The community structure of different networks highlights cultural similarities and differences. Interconnections between different networks are also identified by translating symbols from different languages into English. Structural correlations across networks point out relationships between cultures. Similarities between network communities are also investigated by analysis of sentiment in symbol interpretations. We find that interpretations within a community tend to have similar sentiment. Furthermore, we cluster communities based on their sentiment, yielding three main categories of positive, negative, and neutral dream symbols.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figure

Didactiques de l’intercompréhension et enseignement du français en contexte plurilingue

Intercomprehension is an innovative technique for teaching and learning based on the ability of speakers quickly to master techniques for transferring competences between related languages, principally with respect to comprehension. This methodology relies on activities contrasting with those communicative practices that have become the rule in the area of teaching language and cultures, such as translation, contrastive grammar, the importance of writing. The methodological common denominator is that of a plurilingual and pluricultural pedagogy. Learning French thus opens a door to a range of romance languages spoken by more than 500 million people throughout the world. For French-speakers, intercomprehension represents a means of rapid access to related languages and cultures, at the same time encouraging reflexive observation of the first language. The practice of intercomprehension educates for plurilingualism. It targets the development of a new relationship with languages, by means of an active practice of observation, which makes it possible to justify the acquisition of partial competencies in a language as a valid goal for learning

Servant Leadership: Making a Difference in University TESL Programs

Teaching English as a Second Language is a broad field with programs designed to teach students from all languages and cultures around the world. Currently, the field is facing an urgent need for qualified teachers and leaders due to increasingly high numbers of immigrants and refugees. To meet this challenge, universities must have a plan for adequately preparing teachers to work with the growing population of non-native English learners. Creating these programs require an understanding of ways to support English learners academically, linguistically, and culturally as they transition into English speaking schools. Based on the need for support, this article provides a model for university program leaders in meeting the need for future teachers by applying the principles, values, and practices of servant leadership

Persuasive discourse and language planning in Ireland

Colonial language discourse typically consists of evaluations concerning the respective merits of two or more languages, and the cultures they represent. This can serve as a warrant for imposing a ‘superior’ language. Although such discourse tends to be associated with the conquest of the New World and subsequent European expansion, there is evidence that in the case of Ireland – England’s first overseas colony – an adversarial relation between English and Irish languages existed even before the Elizabethan period. Referring to English legislation, chronicles and other documents, this paper examines the norms, arguments and rhetorical strategies that were used to exert the dominance of English language in Ireland during late-medieval and early-modern times. In the latter half of the paper, the focus will shift to attempts to create, especially from the seventeenth-century onwards, a ‘pro-Irish reversal’ that used similar arguments and rhetoric to reclaim this denigrated language. Our suggestion is that these pro- and anti-colonial language discourses anticipate those that were used later on in colonial and postcolonial environments

A World of Apologies

A World of Apologies is a music video that was created in order to promote multiculturalism and foreign culture education. Within this video, twelve different languages are showcased to the tune of the world-wide pop music hit “Sorry” by Justin Bieber. The video includes multiple important aspects of culture such as music, language, art, and dance. The video was made in hopes to bring about culture appreciation and to bring people around the world together, especially since the current political and social climate in many countries nowadays are in turmoil. Not only does the video itself speak to this message, but so does the process behind the making of this video, which will be revealed within this paper. Also throughout this paper, I will discuss the music video that I have made that stresses the critical role of language and art in culture, the importance of understanding these different cultures, and examples of artists who have created pieces with a similar message to my own such as Dora de Larios, Akram Khan, and Rihanna

International Collaboration in Physics Research: A Summer at CERN

During the summer of 2014, after my junior year as a physics major at the University of New Hampshire, I took part in a nine-week Research Experience for Undergraduates sponsored by the University of Michigan and the National Science Foundation. During the program, I lived and worked at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) just outside of Geneva,Switzerland. CERN is home to the largest particle collider in the world, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), and is the world’s leading particle physics laboratory. As a summer student, I attended daily lectures on particle physics from leading experts in the field, carried out research under the supervision of a staff scientist, and networked with students and scientists from around the world. This experience has informed both my professional goals and my view of myself as a student in a global community. I was amazed by the collaboration between individuals who were from diverse countries and cultures and spoke different languages, but were able to set aside their differences to pursue a common goal