Valorization of American Barrel-Shoot Wastes: Effect of Post Fermentative Addition and Readdition on Phenolic Composition and Chromatic Quality of Syrah Red Wines

The influence of post fermentative addition of American barrel-shoot wastes on phenolic composition and chromatic quality of Syrah red wines has been evaluated as an environmentally sustainable alternative to the conventional winemaking for avoiding the common color loss of red wines elaborated in warm climates. American oak wood byproducts added were previously classified by hyperspectral image analysis according to the amount of phenolic compounds transferred to the extraction media. After that, wines were elaborated under different maceration conditions by applying only one proportion of wood (12 g L−1) and two different maceration procedures (simple and double addition) and were compared with a traditionally macerated Syrah red wine (CW, no wood addition). Results proved the effectiveness of the moderate postfermentative addition of oak wood byproducts to stabilize the color of wines and to provoke lower color modification along the time, producing color wines chromatically more stable for a better aging. In the case of double addition, the adsorption of the pigments during the maceration presents a stronger effect on the color than copigmentation and polymerization by cause of the copigments extracted from the woodEspaña, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad AGL2017-84793-C

Kualitas Pewarnaan Ekstrak Kayu Tegeran (Cudrania Javanensis) Pada Batik

The Tegeran wood extract has been used as the yellow color source for batik soga. As a single color for batik, it is rarely used because tend to have poor color fastness and less bright color. This research aim is to analyze Tegeran wood extract as a single dye for batik. Tegeran wood extracted on various temperature (room temperature, 50ºC, 75ºC, 100ºC) using water as the solvent for an hour. Then it is used for batik dyeing with 8 times soaking at room temperature. The batik wax releasing process is conducted by base hot water for an hour. Batik is then analyzed using various testing parameters such as shade, color intensities and color fastness properties. The acidity of Tegeran extract from extraction process at room temperature, 50ºC, 75ºC dan 100ºC are in line 5, 4, 4-5, 3-4. Shades of color are yellow to dark brown. Color intensity score for cotton batik range is 22,24 – 40,33 and for silk batik is 38,39 – 46,75. The color fastness score to wet rubbing is (4 – 5), and to washing and direct sunlight is 4. From the result, it can be concluded that Tegeran wood extract can be used as batik dye with bright color and good color fastness properties

A computer vision system for color grading wood boards using fuzzy logic

This paper describes the development of a project based on Fuzzy Logic applied to color histograms for color grading wood boards. During this development a fuzzy min-max inference system, with bell membership functions adjusted to the histogram, was implemented and evaluated. This system performs image matching. Images given as training samples are used to define the classes that determine the several wood board color intervals. In that way the system is capable to classify an image by its color in order to group wood boards with the same tonalitycolor in a short period of tim

Chemical, colour and strength changes of hot oil treatment process on 15-year-old cultivated acacia hybrid

The chemical, color and strength properties of thermally modified cultivated 15-year-old Acacia hybrid were investigated. Logs of A. hybrid were harvested and cut at the bottom, middle and top sections. The wood later underwent hot oil thermal modification using palm oil at temperatures 180, 200 and 220ºC for 30,60 and 90 min. Untreated wood was used as control. The hot oil thermal modification process caused some features changed in the chemical composition, color appearances and strength properties of A. hybrid wood. Parameters such as temperatures and treatment time were closely monitored as they influence the chemical, color and strength changes in the treated wood. Temperatures of 180, 200 and 220ºC, and treatment time of 1,2 and 3 h. were used in the study. The degradation in holocellulose, cellulose, and hemicellulose contents was recognized when acacia woods were exposed to oil thermally modified process. Holocellulose and cellulose degraded with the increasing of treatment temperature and duration of heating exposure, while lignin showed the increment in content through this treatment. The color changes in the sapwood and heartwood were measured using the Minolta Chroma-meter CR-310 and the results are presented according to the CIE L* a*b* color co-ordinates system. The results show that temperature at certain treatment time enhanced and darkened the treated wood. The color of the treated sapwood can be enhanced to match the color of the natural. A hybrid heartwood. The strength properties of the oil heat treated A. hybrid wood decreases in values of both MOR and MOE throughout the treatment process. The decreases in values were influenced by temperature and duration of the treatmen

Propriedades da madeira de clones adultos de Tectona grandis crescendo na Costa Rica

Artículo científicoTectona grandis is an important wood in the commercial market due to its excellent workability, durability and aesthetic characteristics. Therefore, it is important to improve the conditions of reproduction and development in commercial plantations using clone reproduction, in order to produce trees with better wood quality. In this study we analyzed the general properties, physical properties and color of 20 adult teak clones (fifteen-year-old) from the area of Guanacaste, Costa Rica. It was found that at 15 years, the clones have a diameter which varies from 19.82 cm to 30.13 cm, the percentage of heartwood ranges from 49.76 to 60.02%, and that these values are similar to those found in the literature. In regards to the physical properties, it was found that the specific gravity ranges from 0.45 to 0.60 g.cm-3, the green moisture content varies from 70% to 110.6%. In the color properties, it was found that L* values ranged from 48 to 59, a* 7 to 9.5 and b * from 20.5 to 26.3. Likewise it was determined that the color change (ΔE*) compared to commercial wood color, is commonly categorized as perceptible in all clones. However, three of the clones studied have a darker color and reddish wood which indicates a color more desirable to the end user

Use of Alternative Wood for the Ageing of Brandy de Jerez

The use of alternative types of wood has arisen for the aging of the Brandy de Jerez, on a pilot plant level. In particular, besides the use of American oak, two more types of oak have been studied, French oak and Spanish oak, allowed by the Technical File for the ID Brandy de Jerez, and chestnut, which, though it is not officially allowed, is a type of wood which had been traditionally used in the area for the aging of wines and distillates. All of them have been studied with different toasting levels: Intense toasting and medium toasting. The study of the total phenolic composition (TPI), chromatic characteristics, organic acids, and sensory analysis have proven that chestnut leads to distillates with a higher amount of phenolic compounds and coloring intensity than oak. This behavior is the opposite as regards the toasting of the wood. Among the different types of oak, Spanish oak produces aged distillates with a higher phenolic composition and a higher color intensity. Regarding tasting, the best-assessed samples were those aged with chestnut, French oak, and American oak, and the assessors preferred those who had used a medium toasting level to those with an intense leve

Utilization of Wood Waste Mahang (Macaranga SP.) From Sawmill Industry for Making Wood Vinegar

Wood vinegar is the result of condensation and combustion products directly or indirectly. One of the methodes to make wood vinegar is by condensing the smoke products of incomplete combustion (pyrolysis). Materials used for the manufacture of wood vinegar is mahang wood waste from the sawmill industry in the form of sawdust, shavings and slashes. This study aims to determine how much rendement, chemical constituents of wood vinegar (phenol, total acid and pH) as well as the colors of the various forms of raw materials. This experiment was carried out using a completely randomited design (CRD) consist of 3 treatments and 5 replications with parameters analyzed were rendement, chemical content and color wood vinegar produced. These results indicate that the form of raw materials affect rendement, chemical content, and color. Sawdust (C1) rendement yield of 14.66 %, phenol content of 15,48 mg/l, total acid of 5,08 %, pH of 2,1 and color of wood vinegar is yellow light brown. Chips (C2) rendement yield of 20,67 %, phenol content of 18,61 mg/l, total acid of 5,78 %, pH of 2,0 and color of wood vinegar is yellow brown. Slashes (C3) rendement yield of 38,98 %, phenol content of 18,80 mg/l, amount 7,72 % total acid, pH of 1,9 and color of wood vinegar is yellow dark brown. Recommended for more efficient utilization of wood waste mahang (Macaranga sp.). As materials are shaped blade of wood vinegar, because it has the highest rendement and good quality wood vinegar

Colorimetry characterization of the wood of muirapiranga (Brosimum rubescens Taub.) and of rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis, clone Tjir 16 Müll arg.) aiming at inside use

Ainda que recente, a técnica para a determinação da cor da madeira por meio da colorimetria quantitativa mostra-se precisa e eficaz. O sistema CIELAB 1976, que determina os parâmetros colorimétricos L*, a*, b*, C e h*, mostrou-se eficiente para a determinação da cor das madeiras de muirapiranga (Brosimum rubescens) e de seringueira (Hevea brasiliensis, clone Tjir 16). A madeira de muirapiranga é de cor vermelha-amarronzada (L* de 42,39), tendo o pigmento vermelho (a* de 22,02) como determinante, apesar de o pigmento amarelo (b*) ter influência significativa na definição de sua cor. A madeira de seringueira apresenta cor amarela (L* de 77,55), fortemente influenciada pelo pigmento amarelo(b* de 19,61). Considerando o parâmetro cor, ambas as madeiras apresentam potenciais para serem utilizada sem interiores. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTAlthough recent, the technique for the determination of wood color through the quantitative colorimetry seems to be efficient. The CIELAB 1976 system cuhich determines the L *, a *, b *, C and h *colorimetric parameters, seemed to be efficient for the determination of the color of the muirapiranga wood (Brosimum rubescens) and of rubbertree (Hevea brasiliensis, clone Tjir 16). The muirapiranga wood is of brownish red color (L * of 42,39), having the red pigment (a * out of 22,02) as determinant, although the yellow pigment (b *) has significant influences on the definition of its color. The rubbertree wood presents yellow color (L * of 77,55), strongly influenced by the yellow pigment (b * of 19,61). Considering the coloras a parameter, both wood presents potentials for use

Color Differences of Pine and Eucalypt Woods Measured by Microflash-200®

It is not easy to define color because it refers to psychological response of human. As a result, perception of color achieved by people is relatively different. Wood color plays an important role in timber processing and it is an important consideration in wood identification. Each wood species has specific color and it becomes the species characteristic. Colors in wood are highly variable and unique features. Characteristics of wood color are influenced by extractive materials and moisture contents present on it. A standard of color measurement has been developed and it is called CIE model. The standard was developed to be completely independent of any devices and was based as closely as possible on human observation in color. CIELAB system is one of the simplest and most practical color measurement methods. The system has been used in one of the color measurement devices developed by Data Color International that is Microflash-200®. This research was aimed at translating interpretation of wood color by human eye into mathematical values so that scientific measurement of wood color can be studied. The measured wood color were 10 species of pines and 10 species of eucalypts woods in dry condition. The results showed that the two groups had different average of L*, a* and b* values. The average of L* for pine was 70.77, while eucalypt group made up to 52.40. It means that eucalypt group is darker than pine group. For a* value, pine group mean value is 20.23, whereas eucalypt group touches 19.11. In other words, pine and eucalypt group have an approximately similar redness. The b* value average for pine and eucalypt groups are 43.40 and 29.07, respectively. This value means that pine group is more yellow than eucalypt group