Traffic pollution modelling in a complex urban street

This study explores for the first time, the applicability of the Danish Operational Street Pollution Model (OSPM) in the city of Buenos Aires where street canyons are very irregular. The model is applied in an irregular and asymmetric street canyon of a five-lane avenue near a street intersection. Urban background concentrations estimated by the DAUMOD model are considered. Meteorological information registered at the domestic airport located in the city is used in calculations. Three months of hourly NOx, NO 2 and CO estimated concentrations are compared with measurements inside the street canyon. Statistical evaluation of model results shows that OSPM performance is quite good.Fil: Venegas, Laura Esperanza. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional; ArgentinaFil: Mazzeo, Nicolas Antonio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional; Argentin

Air pollution in a street canyon estimated considering different parameterisations of vehicle-induced turbulence

Leeward air pollutant concentrations (C) are estimated by incorporating four parameterisations of traffic-produced turbulence (TPT) into the scaling of C inside a street canyon. Three parameterisations consider expressions previously introduced by other authors, based on a theoretical formulation of TPT and a semi-empirical approach already incorporated in an operational street model. The fourth scheme introduces an empirical expression of TPT derived from four full-scale street canyon datasets. Hourly NOx concentrations are calculated for an asymmetric street canyon in Buenos Aires, using meteorological observations at local airport and modelled background concentrations. Statistical indicators show that the performance of the four schemes is satisfactory.Fil: Mazzeo, Nicolas Antonio. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional Avellaneda. Departamento de Ingeniería Química; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Venegas, Laura Esperanza. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional Avellaneda. Departamento de Ingeniería Química; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Dezzutti, Mariana Clara. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional Avellaneda. Departamento de Ingeniería Química; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

The effect of short-term changes in air pollution on respiratory and cardiovascular morbidity in Nicosia, Cyprus.

Presented at the 6th International Conference on Urban Air Quality, Limassol, March, 2007. Short-paper was submitted for peer-review and appears in proceedings of the conference.This study investigates the effect of daily changes in levels of PM10 on the daily volume of respiratory and cardiovascular admissions in Nicosia, Cyprus during 1995-2004. After controlling for long- (year and month) and short-term (day of the week) patterns as well as the effect of weather in Generalized Additive Poisson models, some positive associations were observed with all-cause and cause-specific admissions. Risk of hospitalization increased stepwise across quartiles of days with increasing levels of PM10 by 1.3% (-0.3, 2.8), 4.9% (3.3, 6.6), 5.6% (3.9, 7.3) as compared to days with the lowest concentrations. For every 10μg/m3 increase in daily average PM10 concentration, there was a 1.2% (-0.1%, 2.4%) increase in cardiovascular admissions. With respects to respiratory admissions, an effect was observed only in the warm season with a 1.8% (-0.22, 3.85) increase in admissions per 10μg/m3 increase in PM10. The effect on respiratory admissions seemed to be much stronger in women and, surprisingly, restricted to people of adult age

Analysis of the impact of inhomogeneous emissions in the Operational Street Pollution Model (OSPM)

Semi-parameterized street canyon models, as e.g. the Operational Street Pollution Model (OSPM^®), have been frequently applied for the last two decades to analyse levels and consequences of air pollution in streets. These models are popular due to their speed and low input requirements. One often-used simplification is the assumption that emissions are homogeneously distributed in the entire length and width of the street canyon. It is thus the aim of the present study to analyse the impact of this assumption by implementing an inhomogeneous emission geometry scheme in OSPM. The homogeneous and the inhomogeneous emission geometry schemes are validated against two real-world cases: Hornsgatan, Stockholm, a sloping street canyon; and Jagtvej, Copenhagen; where the morning rush hour has more traffic on one lane compared to the other. The two cases are supplemented with a theoretical calculation of the impact of street aspect (height / width) ratio and emission inhomogeneity on the concentrations resulting from inhomogeneous emissions. The results show an improved performance for the inhomogeneous emission geometry over the homogeneous emission geometry. Moreover, it is shown that the impact of inhomogeneous emissions is largest for near-parallel wind directions and for high aspect ratio canyons. The results from the real-world cases are however confounded by challenges estimating the emissions accurately

OML-Highway – en ny brugervenlig GIS-baseret luftkvalitetsmodel for motorveje, landeveje og andre veje i åbent terræn

Der er udviklet en ny GIS-baseret brugervenlig brugerflade til luftkvalitetsmodellen OML-Highway, som muliggør beregning af luftkvaliteten langs motorveje, landeveje og øvrige veje i åbent terræn. Endvidere er identificeret potentielle anvendelsesmuligheder af OML-Highway, og illustreret to konkrete eksempler på anvendelser: kortlægning langs en motorvej og effekten af en støjskærm

VALIDATION OF AIRGIS - A GIS-BASED AIR POLLUTION AND HUMAN EXPOSURE MODELLING SYSTEM

This study describes in brief the latest extensions of the AirGIS system used in Denmark for exposure modelling and gives results of a validation with measured air pollution data. The system shows a good performance for both long term averages (annual and monthly averages) as well as short term averages (hourly and daily)