How the \u27New\u27 Makes Use of the \u27Old\u27: Understanding Reconfigurations of Information Systems and Organizations in the Norwegian Health Sector

This paper presents initial findings from ongoing research on how novel ICTs can make use of established sociotechnical arrangements in a productive way. Empirically it is based on three case studies on the design, development and use of web-based information systems that support patients’ interaction with healthcare providers. The cases under study are intriguing as they provide empirical evidence of the role that novel technologies (within the Web 2.0 genre) can have for accelerating a healthcare shift towards “patient centeredness” and patients’ active involvement in care (co-production of services). Our aim is to reach an improved understanding of reconfiguration dynamics paying attention to associations and interactions between the “old” and the “new”

The value and structuring role of web APIs in digital innovation ecosystems: the case of the online travel ecosystem

Interfaces play a key role in facilitating the integration of external sources of innovation and structuring ecosystems. They have been conceptualized as design rules that ensure the interoperability of independently produced modules, with important strategic value for lead firms to attract and control access to complementary assets in platform ecosystems. While meaningful, these theorizations do not fully capture the value and structuring role of web APIs in digital innovation ecosystems. We show this with an empirical study of the online travel ecosystem in the 26 years (1995–2021) after the first Online Travel Agencies (OTAs) were launched. Our findings reveal that web APIs foster a dynamic digital innovation ecosystem with a distributed networked structure in which multiple actors design and use them. We provide evidence of an ecosystem where decentralized interfaces enable decentralized governance and where interfaces establish not only cooperative relationships, but also competitive ones. Instead of locking in complementors, web APIs enable the integration of capabilities from multiple organizations for the co-production of services and products, by interfacing their information systems. Web APIs are important sources of value creation and capture, increasingly being used to offer or sell services, constituting important sources of revenue

StreamFunnel: Facilitating Communication Between a VR Streamer and Many Spectators

The increasing adoption of Virtual Reality (VR) systems in different domains have led to a need to support interaction between many spectators and a VR user. This is common in game streaming, live performances, and webinars. Prior CSCW systems for VR environments are limited to small groups of users. In this work, we identify problems associated with interaction carried out with large groups of users. To address this, we introduce an additional user role: the co-host. They mediate communications between the VR user and many spectators. To facilitate this mediation, we present StreamFunnel, which allows the co-host to be part of the VR application's space and interact with it. The design of StreamFunnel was informed by formative interviews with six experts. StreamFunnel uses a cloud-based streaming solution to enable remote co-host and many spectators to view and interact through standard web browsers, without requiring any custom software. We present results of informal user testing which provides insights into StreamFunnel's ability to facilitate these scalable interactions. Our participants, who took the role of a co-host, found that StreamFunnel enables them to add value in presenting the VR experience to the spectators and relaying useful information from the live chat to the VR user.Comment: 12 pages, 7 figure

A Web-based orientation package for Co-operative Education students at College of the North Atlantic

The dissemination of information to students in today's post-secondary education system is important, yet is becoming an increasing challenge for institutions. Due to various factors, such as increases in student intake in various Co-operative Education programs at the College of the North Atlantic and reduction in staff as a result of budget cuts, the opportunities for the Co-operative Education office staff and the College's faculty to meet regularly with these large numbers of students to discuss various employment related issues have somewhat diminished. In particular, they were unable to address areas, such as employability skills, academic regulations, and resume writing and interviewing skills, in which students have traditionally experienced problems. This shortfall was the genesis for an interactive web-based orientation package that is the focus of this project report. -- The design and development of this package utilized two methodologies, namely the systems development life cycle and the design and development of interactive hypermedia systems. The systems development life cycle has three phases, namely systems analysis, detailed analysis and design, and implementation. The design and development of interactive hypermedia includes the determination of the structure, presentation, and content of a web page. -- During the first phase of the systems development life cycle, the systems analysis phase, the selection of the type of information that was to be included in the package occurred. During this activity, the Supervising Coordinator in the Co-operative Education office was the main resource utilized. After the initial required information was collected in the first phase, the detailed analysis and design phase was completed. Within this phase, the prototyping methodology was utilized, during which the web site was incrementally developed. This methodology allows a developer to start with a skeletal model of the web page that can be modified through various iterations. After each iteration, the clients were shown the most recent version of the web site, and were asked if they were satisfied with it or if they required improvements. This process continued until the clients were satisfied with the range, accuracy, and appropriateness of the content. The implementation phase, which is the last one in the systems development life cycle, took the package in its final form and made it accessible from the College's Cooperative Education web page. The final form of the orientation package contained sections on student information, prospective student information, employer information, academic regulations, frequently asked questions, and employability skills. -- From an interactive hypermedia systems perspective, there are three different elements that must be considered when designing a hypermedia product: structure, presentation and content. Structure refers to how the information is structured for optimal navigation and access. Presentation refers to how the information will appear to the user. This might include the use of graphics, audio/video, and interactive forms. The content is the most important part of any web page because it disseminates the required and relevant information. All of these elements were determined with the assistance of the Cooperative Education Coordinators. -- However, it should be noted that this package was primarily intended for student use. Therefore, it was incumbent on the designer to perform a field test which allowed randomly selected students to navigate around the web site and peruse the information it contained. Also, a questionnaire and interview process was conducted in which the students were asked to rate the web site on factors such as the overall appearance of the product, the usefulness of the product information, and the understanding of the product information. Based on the overwhelmingly positive results from these processes, no changes were considered necessary to the package. -- With the success of this endeavour, it is recommended that the use of the Internet for this type of student service opportunity be further investigated by colleges and universities. Such projects as this must be relevant and accessible, as well as appealing to the intended audience. It is also recommended that information on the various web pages be written at a level that the average student can understand

Developing BP-driven web application through the use of MDE techniques

Model driven engineering (MDE) is a suitable approach for performing the construction of software systems (in particular in the Web application domain). There are different types of Web applications depending on their purpose (i.e., document-centric, interactive, transactional, workflow/business process-based, collaborative, etc). This work focusses on business process-based Web applications in order to be able to understand business processes in a broad sense, from the lightweight business processes already addressed by existing proposals to long-running asynchronous processes. This work presents a MDE method for the construction of systems of this type. The method has been designed in two steps following the MDE principles. In the first step, the system is represented by means of models in a technology-independent manner. These models capture the different aspects of Web-based systems (these aspects refer to behaviour, structure, navigation, and presentation issues). In the second step, the model transformations (both model-to- model and model-to-text) are applied in order to obtain the final system in terms of a specific technology. In addition, a set ofEclipse-based tools has been developed to provide automation in the application of the proposed method in order to validate the proposal.Torres Bosch, MV.; Giner Blasco, P.; Pelechano Ferragud, V. (2012). Developing BP-driven web application through the use of MDE techniques. Software and Systems Modeling. 11(4):609-631. doi:10.1007/s10270-010-0177-5S609631114Andrews, T., Curbera, F., Dholakia, H., Goland, Y., Klein, J., Leymann, F., Liu, K., Roller, D., Smith, D., Thatte, S., Trickovic, I., Weerawarana, S.: Business process execution language for Web services version 1.1 (May 2003)Barna, P., Frasincar, F., Houben, G.J.: A workow-driven design of Web information systems. In: Wolber, D., Calder, N., Brooks, C., Ginige, A. (eds.) 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Proceedings of the Inaugural Meeting ofAIS SIGPrag

The Special Interest Group on Pragmatist IS Research (SIGPrag) was approved by the Association for InformationSystems (AIS) council at its June 2008 meeting in Gallway. The motivation for this initiative is the growingrecognition of the importance of theorizing the IT artifact and its organizational and societal context from apragmatic and action-oriented perspective. SIGPrag\u27s mission is to provide a much-needed centre of gravity and tofacilitate exchange of ideas and further development of this area of IS scholarship.In summary, pragmatist IS research rests on the following set of assumptions: * Human life is a life of activity.* Humans do things that effect changes in their environment and/or within themselves.* Doing permeates thinking, conceptualizations and language use.* Human consciousness is a practical one that is in constant interplay with interventive, investigative, andevaluative actions.* Practical consciousness is formed by experience from previous actions and participation in social contexts.* IT and information systems are fundamentally symbolic language systems.* Linguistically expressed collective presuppositions, norms and categories (such as those embedded in ITand information systems) serve human activity and life.* The true value of IT and information systems lies in their potential to support human communication andcollaboration central to human activity and life.For more information about SIGPrag, its mission and current activities, please visit http://www.sigprag.org/The inaugural meeting of SIGPrag is to be held in Paris on Dec 14, 2008, in conjunction with the InternationalConference on Information Systems (ICIS). The meeting will consist of two parts, a scientific meeting and abusiness meeting. For the scientific meeting a call for position papers was issued in the summer of 2008, whichresulted in the following papers being selected for presentation:• What Kind of Pragmatism in Information Systems Research? by Göran Goldkuhl.• Pragmatic Approach in IS Projects Grounded on Recognised Frameworks by Raija Halonen.• Co-Design as Social Constructive Pragmatism by Mikael Lind, Ulf Seigerroth, Olov Forsgren, and AndersHjalmarsson.• Pragmatism and Information Systems (IS): Neurophilosophical approach by Garikoitz Lerma Usabiagaand Francesc Miralles.• Sustainability Communication: A role for IT and IS in relating business and Society by Mark Aakhus andPaul Ziek.• Managing Ambiguity while Reducing Uncertainty by Gianni Jacucci and Mike Martin.• A Pragmatic Conception of Service Encounters by Mikael Lind and Nicklas Salomonson.• Making the Web More Pragmatic: Exploring the Potential Of Some Pragmatic Concepts For IS ResearchAnd Development by Jens Allwood and Mikael Lind.• Introducing Human in Complex System: A Cognitive Pragmatics Based Model by G. Lortal.• The Pragmatic Web: An Application View by Mareike Schoop.• Design Research from a Communicative Perspective: How to Design Things with Words by Hans Weigand.• Representation and Correspondence: On the Validity of the Representation Assumption in InformationSystem Design by Pär J. Ågerfalk and Owen Eriksson.• Habermas’ theory in action by Jan L.G. Dietz.• Challenges to Information Systems Development by Roland Kaschek.The idea behind this inaugural meeting was to bring together people that share an affinity with pragmatist ISresearch and to initiate a scientific discussion about the role of pragmatist research in IS. We certainly hope that thisdiscussion will continue over the years to come. The papers are freely available for download athttp://www.sigprag.org

Enhanced Mobility - Augmented Possibility? Developments in Co-operative Work

This paper enlightens enhanced mobility and the ongoing changes in collaboration forms. It reports on studies of communication and co-ordination in a work setting, including discussing the implications of the observations for enhancing mobility in co-operational work. In the analysis this paper use a framework developed by Lyytinen and Yoo (2001), in order to analyse a heterogeneous interconnected technological and organisational environment, which enables both physical and social mobility of computing and communication services between and across organisational actors. In response to earlier ignoration, the issues of large-scale design and integration to the existing installed base of services and infrastructures, both technical and social, are here put into focus. The framework consists at the fundamental level of three technological trends that drive the developments in mobile technology: mobility, convergence and mass scale. These factors influence in turn the developments in infrastructure and services, which encompass both technical and social elements. The empirical study took place in an IT-organisation, in one of the world’s leading Internet consulting companies. In the networked organisation the work practice is dependent on the co-workers ability to co-operate from various, constantly shifting, locations. This paper suggests that utilise Web-based Information Systems as communication media could initially provide necessary means to support mobility in their co-operational work. Our conclusions are that mobility is a fast-growing phenomenon, which will considerably change the terms and developments in co-operative work. Further, that the organisational culture will have deep impact on how the technology features are accepted and incorporated in the work practice. There is diversity in the use of the concept mobility, in relation to research. To meet this, the authors suggest a general Framework of Interaction Patterns model. The overall organisation of the framework is build around a dichotomy of variables, and it can be used normative in a design context or for descriptive purposes

Integration of decision support systems to improve decision support performance

Decision support system (DSS) is a well-established research and development area. Traditional isolated, stand-alone DSS has been recently facing new challenges. In order to improve the performance of DSS to meet the challenges, research has been actively carried out to develop integrated decision support systems (IDSS). This paper reviews the current research efforts with regard to the development of IDSS. The focus of the paper is on the integration aspect for IDSS through multiple perspectives, and the technologies that support this integration. More than 100 papers and software systems are discussed. Current research efforts and the development status of IDSS are explained, compared and classified. In addition, future trends and challenges in integration are outlined. The paper concludes that by addressing integration, better support will be provided to decision makers, with the expectation of both better decisions and improved decision making processes

A framework of web-based conceptual design

A web-based conceptual design prototype system is presented. The system consists of four parts which interpret on-line sketches as 2D and 3D geometry, extract 3D hierarchical configurations, allow editing of component behaviours, and produce VRML-based behavioural simulations for design verification and web-based application. In the first part, on-line freehand sketched input is interpreted as 2D and 3D geometry, which geometrically represents conceptual design. The system then infers 3D configuration by analysing 3D modelling history. The configuration is described by a parent–child hierarchical relationship and relative positions between two geometric components. The positioning information is computed with respect to the VRML97 specification. In order to verify the conceptual design of a product, the behaviours can be specified interactively on different components. Finally, the system creates VRML97 formatted files for behavioural simulation and collaborative design application over the Internet. The paper gives examples of web-based applications. This work forms a part of a research project into the design and establishing of modular machines for automation manufacture. A consortium of leading automotive companies is collaborating on the research project