By Product Exchange of Seaweed Solid Waste for Mushrooms Media

A laboratory experiment on utilization of seaweed-containing solid wastes as media for growing mushrooms was conducted by researchers from the Institute for Environmental Technology. The solid wastes were obtained from PT. Agarindo Bogatama, a food industry which produces jelly powder processed from seaweed of Gracilaria. The company generates 60 tones of solid wastes of seaweed per-day that contained 70% of water content. The solid media was used to grow Auricularia polytricha, Pleurotus astreatus, and Ganoderma lucidum. Some mixed media were prepared with the percentage ratio of sawdust to solid waste as 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100. After sterilizationthe media were planted with mushrooms and then were kept in incubator. After 28-day the basidiomas of G. lucidum was developed while P. astreatus appeared after 36-day of incubation. Both were grown on 100% seaweed media (using 100% sawdust media as a control). This very early results indicated that solid waste of seaweeds have an additional value which can be used as media for mushrooms plantation. Implementation waste to product as a part of cleaner production approach should be disseminated to the industries, especially SMEs like PT. Agarindo Bogatama, who areconcern to the environment

Biocomposites based on oil palm tree as packaging materials

Every parts of the oil palm tree can be utilized to form useful products, including the waste from palm oil processing either intermediates or final biomasses. Utilization oil palm wastes and palm oil product will be presented for the application in the packaging industry, especially as environmental friendly packaging materials. For the development of these new biodegradable packaging materials, product and waste from oil palm tree are compounded to form biocomposites. Empty fruit bunch, waste that is derived after palm oil extraction process, is grinded and compounded with polyethylene to form biocomposites for blow film process. Palm cooking oil (PCO) is used as processing aids/lubricant in the blown film processing of low density polyethylene with empty fruit bunch fiber (LDPE/EFB) to form biofilm. This oil ease the process ability of LDPE/EFB on the conventional blown film thermoplastic machinery. The higher the composition of the PCO the better will be the processability of LDPE/FFB as the resistance to flow is decreased. With PCO composition greater than 2% the processing parameters of LDPE can be used to process LDPE/PCO/EFB into film. Tensile properties of the biocomposite film are found to be dependent on the PCO composition and comparable to the polyethylene film at low PCO composition. As the composition of PCO in LDPE/EFB is increased the tensile strength and elongation at break of the biofilm is decreased

The Utilization of Waste Shallot Skin (Allium Cepa L) as Natural Dyeing Material for Textile Product

Previous studies on the onion skin as a natural dye by Made Diah Angendari showing the colour of each mordant used a Jumputan and suggested using a different concentration of mordant in the next research. Based on it, interviews were conducted to three different speakers: KLP Nusantara, Mrs Kuswati, and Dapur Alifa. According to the interviewers, all can produce ±64 kg of onion skin per month and most of the onion skin were thrown or burned. Based on it, a research was done by using a variation of colouring matter, mordant measurement, dyeing technique, dyeing duration, and technique of textile to use plenty onion skin and develop technique on the natural dye of onion skin. To obtain the required data, the student collects the data with experimental methods, such as by observation, interview, literature study, and experimentation. The results of the elected experiment show that the used of iron post-mordanting and an hour cold dyeing technique have a good result based on the endurance of wear-off in Balai Besar Tekstil Bandung and it was applied to a textile product in the form of long cloth with different measurement. Keywords Shallot skin, natural dye, textile product

Pemanfaatan Timbunan Sampah Zona Non-aktif Tpa Putri Cempo Surakarta

Garbage is a side product of human activity. For some people trash is worthless. Though the correct utilization of waste can be recycled so it has economic value. Putri Cempo has midden that can be reused. Potential of waste pile in Putri Cempo landfill consist 60,4% of organic waste and 6,7% of anorganic waste. The method used is to make the organic waste into organic fertilizer granules and recycled plastic as raw material for the manufacture of plastics that are ready for sale. Utilization is done by constructing a granule organic fertilizer plant which has a capacity of 15 tons per day and recycled plastic has a capacity of 150 kg per day. Utilization of waste pile facility is able to reduce landfill waste by 4039.2 tons per year. The cost needed to make this composting facility were Rp. 3.311.609.172,0

PELUANG PENERAPAN PRODUKSI BERSIH DENGAN PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH CAIR PABRIK PENGOLAH KELAPA SAWIT (PKS) SEBAGAI ENERGI LISTRIK DI PT. SUNGAI RANGIT SAMPOERNA AGRO,Tbk

Pabrik Pengolah Kelapa Sawit PT. Sungai Rangit Sampoerna Agro selain menghasilkan produk berupa CPO dan Palm Kernel juga menghasilkan non product output atau limbah. Adanya non product output atau limbah ini, maka perlu diterapkan suatu pendekatan produksi bersih yang akan meningkatkan efisiensi penggunaan bahan baku, air dan energi, serta meminimasi terbentuknya limbah selama proses produksi. Kajian dilakukan terhadap proses produksi baik secara teknis, ekonomis dan lingkungan untuk mengidentifikasi sejauh mana aplikasi produksi bersih yang telah dilakukan oleh PT. Sungai Rangit Sampoerna Agro, Tbk dan manfaat yang diperoleh, secara ekonomis dan lingkungan. Penerapan produksi bersih di PT. Sungai Rangit Sampoerna Agro, Tbk saat ini telah cukup baik, limbah padat yang berupa janjang kosong, serat, cangkang, besi tua, abu sisa pembakaran boiler telah dilakukan pemanfaatan. Limbah cair yang ditimbulkan juga telah diolah dan dimanfaatkan melalui land aplikasi. Tetapi masih ditemui beberapa peluang untuk optimasi penerapan produksi bersih, terutama dalam hal pemanfaatan air kondensat sebagai air dilusi di proses Continious Settling Tank, pemanfaatan emisi limbah cair sebagai energi listrik, dan optimasi pelaksanaan good house keeping. Peluang penerapan produksi bersih akan memberikan keuntungan baik secara ekonomi dan lingkungan. Secara ekonomi akan memberikan potensi tambahan keuntungan bagi perusahaan sebesar Rp. 26.689.885.830 per tahun yang berasal dari pemanfaatan air kondensat sebesar Rp. 668.203.771 dan potensi pendapatan dari pemanfaatan emisi limbah cair menjadi energi listrik sebesar Rp. 26.021.682.058,97. Dan secara lingkungan akan mengurangi potensi emisi gas metana sebesar 82.719,87 ton CO2 e per tahun yang berasal dari pengurangan emisi gas metana dari kolam limbah sebesar 67.948,78 ton CO2 e, pengurangan emisi GHG dari genset di proses start up pabrik sebesar 252,86 ton CO2 e, pengurangan emisi GHG dari PLTD sebesar 14.518,23 ton CO2 e serta potensi pengurangan air limbah dari pemanfaatan air kondensat sebesar 45.255,6 m3 per tahun Setelah dilakukan skoring, maka urutan prioritas penerapan produksi bersih secara berturut-turut dari prioritas utama adalah Pemanfaatan emisi gas metana dari kolam limbah sebagai energi listrik, Pemanfaatan air kondensat, dan Optimasi Pelaksanaan Good House Keeping. Keywords : Pabrik Pengolah Kelapa Sawit, Limbah, Biogas, Listrik, Produksi Bersih Palm Oil Mill PT. Sungai Rangit Sampoerna Agro,Tbk in addition to produced a product in the form of CPO and Palm Kernel also produced non-product output or waste. The existence of non-product output was necessary to applied a cleaner production approach that would improve the efficient use of raw materials, water and energy, and minimize the formation of waste during the production process. Studies carried out on the production process both technically, economically and environmentally to identified the extent to which the application of cleaner production has been done by PT. Sungai Rangit Sampoerna Agro Tbk and benefits, economically and environmentally. The application of cleaner production in the PT. Sungai Rangit Sampoerna Agro Tbk was quite good, solid waste in the form of an empty bunches, fibers, shells, scrap metals, ash of boiler has been done. Liquid waste or POME generated has also been processed and utilized through land application. But still found several opportunities for optimization of the application of cleaner production, especially in the utilization of condensate water as dilution water in the process Continious Settling Tanks, the utilization of liquid waste emissions as electrical energy, and the optimization of the implementation of good house keeping. Opportunities implementation of cleaner production would provided benefits both economically and environmentally. Economically would provided additional potential profit for the company Rp. 26,689,885,830 per year derived from the utilization of condensate water Rp. 668 203 771 and the potential revenue from the utilization of wastewater emissions into electrical energy Rp. 26,021,682,058.97. And the environment would reduced the potential of methane emissions by 82719.87 tons of CO2 e per year stemming from the reduction of methane emissions from waste pond at 67948.78 tons of CO2 e, the reduction of GHG emissions from the generators at the plant start-up process for 252.86 tons of CO2 e, the reduction of GHG emissions from diesel amounted to 14.518,23 tons of CO2 e and potential reduction of waste water from the utilization of condensate water at 45.255,6 m3 per year Priority of the application of cleaner production in a row of the main priorities is the utilization of methane emissions from waste ponds as electrical energy, utilization of condensate water, and Optimization Implementation of Good House Keeping. Keywords : Palm Oil Mill, Waste, Biogas, Electricity, Cleaner Productio

Poly(hydroxyalkanoate) production by Cupriavidus necator from fatty waste can be enhanced by phaZ1 inactivation

PHA production from waste oils or fats requires microorganisms that should be both excellent PHA producers and equipped with enzymatic activities allowing hydrolysation of triglycerides. Unfortunately, microbes with the combination of substrate-utilization and PHA production are not currently available, and the strategies to be adopted are the use of costly commercial enzymes, or genetic modification of microorganisms exhibiting high PHA product yields. In the present work, after a general investigation on the ability of Cupriavidus necator to grow on a number of fatty substrates, the possibility to enhance PHA production by limiting intracellular depolymerisation, was investigated. By knocking out the related phaZ1 gene, the construction of C. necator recombinant strains impaired in depolymerase (PhaZ1) activity was achieved. The polymer yield of the recombinant strain was finally compared to that of the parental C. necator DSM 545

Lunar base CELSS: A bioregenerative approach

During the twenty-first century, human habitation of a self-sustaining lunar base could become a reality. To achieve this goal, the occupants will have to have food, water, and an adequate atmosphere within a carefully designed environment. Advanced technology will be employed to support terrestrial life-sustaining processes on the Moon. One approach to a life support system based on food production, waste management and utilization, and product synthesis is outlined. Inputs include an atmosphere, water, plants, biodegradable substrates, and manufacutured materials such as fiberglass containment vessels from lunar resources. Outputs include purification of air and water, food, and hydrogen (H2) generated from methane (CH4). Important criteria are as follows: (1) minimize resupply from Earth; and (2) recycle as efficiently as possible

Eco-Friendly Synergetic Processes of Municipal Solid Waste Polymer Utilization

The synergetic approach for eco-friendly efficient utilization of Polymer Solid Waste is presented. It is accounting for chemical processes in polymers during the use of the original product and at the stage of its waste recycling. The study of the polymer photoconductive degradation based on analysis of chemical reactions in the polymer film is presented. It is discussed how to predict the properties of the polymer after its use and to develop the efficient technique for its recycling. The recycling technique is demonstrated on examples of recycling polyethylene film by chemical foaming and injection moulding methods. The results of factorial experiments on the influence of different process parameters on process intensity and secondary product quality are presented. The results are used for developing modern technologies for the processing of polymer solid wastes into useful secondary products