Study of Methods and Development of Technological Scheme for Heat Removal from Rock Waste Dump

The aim of this paper is to study the methods and develop technological scheme for thermal energy removal from coal mine rock waste dumps. The prospects of renewable energy sources development in Ukraine are analyzed. A number of available ways for using the sources of waste heat of mining enterprises, namely: outlet ventilation flow, mine water and other rock waste dumps, are investigated. The technological scheme of heat recovery from rock waste dump using heat pumps, which are component segments of the heat pump geosystem on the basis of borehole underground coal gasification, is developed

Applications of thermal energy storage to waste heat recovery in the food processing industry

A study to assess the potential for waste heat recovery in the food industry and to evaluate prospective waste heat recovery system concepts employing thermal energy storage was conducted. The study found that the recovery of waste heat in canning facilities can be performed in significant quantities using systems involving thermal energy storage that are both practical and economical. A demonstration project is proposed to determine actual waste heat recovery costs and benefits and to encourage system implementation by the food industry

Energy recovery from solid waste. Volume 2: Technical report

A systems analysis of energy recovery from solid waste demonstrates the feasibility of several current processes for converting solid waste to an energy form. The social, legal, environmental, and political factors are considered in depth with recommendations made in regard to new legislation and policy. Biodegradation and thermal decomposition are the two areas of disposal that are considered with emphasis on thermal decomposition. A technical and economic evaluation of a number of available and developing energy-recovery processes is given. Based on present technical capabilities, use of prepared solid waste as a fuel supplemental to coal seems to be the most economic process by which to recover energy from solid waste. Markets are considered in detail with suggestions given for improving market conditions and for developing market stability. A decision procedure is given to aid a community in deciding on its options in dealing with solid waste, and a new pyrolysis process is suggested. An application of the methods of this study are applied to Houston, Texas

Determination of renewable energy yield from mixed waste material from the use of novel image analysis methods

Two novel techniques are presented in this study which together aim to provide a system able to determine the renewable energy potential of mixed waste materials. An image analysis tool was applied to two waste samples prepared using known quantities of source-segregated recyclable materials. The technique was used to determine the composition of the wastes, where through the use of waste component properties the biogenic content of the samples was calculated. The percentage renewable energy determined by image analysis for each sample was accurate to within 5% of the actual values calculated. Microwave-based multiple-point imaging (AutoHarvest) was used to demonstrate the ability of such a technique to determine the moisture content of mixed samples. This proof-of-concept experiment was shown to produce moisture measurement accurate to within 10%. Overall, the image analysis tool was able to determine the renewable energy potential of the mixed samples, and the AutoHarvest should enable the net calorific value calculations through the provision of moisture content measurements. The proposed system is suitable for combustion facilities, and enables the operator to understand the renewable energy potential of the waste prior to combustion

PENENTUAN NILAI KALOR HIGH HEATING VALUE (HHV) DAN LOW HEATING VALUE (LHV) DARI MATERIAL SAMPAH COMBUSTIBLE ZONA AKTIF II TPA JATIBARANG SEMARANG

Abstrak Peningkatan jumlah penduduk berdampak pada tingginya kebutuhan energi. Sehingga, sumber daya yang tersedia juga semakin berkurang dan perlu digantikan dengan sumber energi yang baru. Konsep waste to energy (WTE) dapat dijadikan alternatif untuk mengubah sampah menjadi bahan baku RDF (refuse derived fuel). Sampah organik dan plastik sangat berpotensi dijadikan sebagai bahan baku RDF karena sifatnya yang mudah terbakar (combustible). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan kedalaman dan material sampah dengan karakteristik material sampah combustible, serta menentukan nilai kalor HHV dan LHV berdasarkan kedalaman sampah dan material combustible zona aktif II TPA Jatibarang untuk melihat potensinya sebagai bahan baku RDF. Metode yang digunakan adalah random sampling. Material sampah yang digunakan pada penelitian ini bersasal dari kedalaman 0-1 m; 1-2 m; 2 dan 2-3 m. Pemanfaatan sampah menjadi bahan baku RDF dilakukan dengan cara menganalisis nilai kalor yang dihasilkan dari material sampah combustible tersebut. Nilai kalor terbagi menjadi High Heating Value (HHV) and Low Heating Value (LHV). Untuk menganalisis nilai kalor yang terdapat pada material sampah combustible pada zona aktif II TPA Jatibarang dapat dilakukan dengan melakukan pengujian proximate, ultimate dan termokimia dengan menggunakan alat bom kalorimeter. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sampah zona aktif II TPA Jatibarang memiliki nilai kalor yang berbeda pada setiap metode analisa yang dipengaruhi oleh oleh variasi kedalaman, jenis sampah dan ukuran partikel sampah. Pada uji proximate, nilai kalor berada di kisaran angka 1000 kkal/Kg. Pada uji ultimate nilai kalor berada pada kisaran 1.441,16 – 10.355,54 kkal/kg. Pada bom kalorimeter nilai kalor berada pada kisaran 5.000 kkal/kg. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa potensi sampah zona aktif II TPA Jatibarang untuk diolah menjadi RDF sangat besar. Kata kunci: sampah combustible, landfill, waste to energy, RDF (refused-derived fuel). Abstract The growth of population increases the amount of energy demand. However, the available resources are decreasing and it need to be replaced by a new energy resouce. The concept of waste to energy (WTE) can be an alternative to convert waste into raw RDF (refuse derived fuel) material. Especially for organic and plastic as combustible waste is very potential to be raw of RDF Materials. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between depth and material of waste and material characteristics of combustible waste, also to determine the HHV and LHV calor value according to the depth of waste and combustible material in Jatibarang landfill active zone II to see the potential as RDF raw material. Random sampling is a method that used for this research. The waste material required for this research is taken from the depth of 0-1 m; 1-2 m; 2 and 2-3 m. The utilization of waste into raw RDF materials by analyzing the heating value produced from the combustible raw material. Then the heating value devided into High Heating Value (HHV) and Low Heating Value (LHV). To analyze the heat value contained in combustible waste material in active zone II Jatibarang landfill can be done by testing proximate, ultimate and thermochemical with bomb calorimeter. The results showed that the waste of active zone II Jatibarang Landfill had different calorific values on each analysis was also influenced by the depth variation, the type of waste and the type size of the waste particles. In the proximate analysis, the calorific value is in the range of 1000 kcal / kg. In the ultimate analysis the heating value is in the range of 1.441,16 – 10.355,54 kcal / kg. In the calorimeter bomb, the heating value is in the range of 5,000 kcal / kg. This shows that active zone II Jatibarang Landfill has a great potential to be processed into RDF. Keywords: combustible waste, landfill, waste to energy, RDF (refused-derived fuel)

Energy from waste and the food processing industry

The provision of a secure, continuous energy supply is becoming an issue for all sectors of society and the foodprocessingindustry as a major energy user must address these issues. This paper identifies anaerobic digestion as an opportunity to go some way to achieving energy security in a sustainable manner. However, a number of energy management and waste reduction concepts must also be brought into play if the environmental, social and economic aspects of sustainability are to be balanced. The reporting of such activity will help to promote the green credentials of the industry. Cleaner production, supply chain and life cycle assessment approaches all have a part to play as tools supporting a new vision for integrated energy and waste management. Our reliance on high-energyprocessing, such as canning and freezing/chill storage, might also need re-assessment together with processing based on hurdle technology. Finally, the concepts of energy and power management for a distributed energy generation system must be brought into the foodprocessingindustry

Renewable energy balancing with thermal grid support

Waste heat valorisation in process industry is a common strategy today. The residual heat is converted to electricity by using steam turbines or organic Rankine cycles. As this energy conversion is likely constructed as an integral cooling capacity for the primary process, loss of electricity production will result in reduced process cooling and hence production capacity loss. This restriction prevents these generators to deliver supporting services to the electrical grid. In this paper, it is proven that coupling waste heat recovery with a district heating network provides flexibility to the electricity generation while ensuring cooling capacity to the process. This flexibility can be utilised by a Virtual Power Plant (VPP), e. g., to compensate for the variable output of renewable energy sources. Today, the power fluctuations are only compensated by traditional power plants (gas, coal) due to the scale and flexibility of these power plants. In this paper, a strategy is defined to balance variable (renewable) production with industrial waste heat. As such, some grid support tasks can be transferred from the central power plants to decentralised generation units. The backup of the variable sources is provided by utilising the local available capacity, while maintaining or improving energy efficiency of exothermal industrial processes. Operational boundaries are defined and new challenges identified. In this paper, firstly, the heat sources available for this concept are identified. Secondly, the properties of the different conversion technologies are described. Thirdly, the benefits of a virtual power plant utilising waste heat are determined. Finally, this VPP concept is verified by means of a case study in Belgium, Ostend Energy port. Available heat from biomass, chemical processing and waste incineration is used as primary energy source to balance local renewable production

Solid waste management in Puerto Rico : an assessment of environmental impacts and benefits

Municipal solid waste (MSW) management has been a challenging issue throughout history. Waste management options have evolved, but they can present distinct environmental impacts, such as the emission of greenhouse gases (GHG). This study quantified the environmental benefits (i.e., greenhouse gas emission and energy use reductions) of various MSW management plans proposed for Puerto Rico through the use of the Waste Reduction Model (WARM). The waste management initiative known as the “Base Case” was found to offer the most environmental benefits. Thus, higher benefits can be attained from the implementation of an integrated solid waste managementDepartment of Natural Resources and Environmental ManagementThesis (M.S.

Improving thermal conductivity of fired clay brick using sawdust waste

The demand for energy efficient design and construction has become progressively important with the growing energy costs and increasing awareness on the effects of global warming. Global warming causes a higher temperature of the surrounding, which will give significant effect to the energy consumption in commercial and residential building. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the possibility of incorporating sawdust as an additive material to improve thermal insulation properties of clay brick through lowering its thermal conductivity value. This study uses three types of soils with the proportion of clay soil (80%), laterite soil (10%) and grey soil (10%). The percentages of sawdust waste used as an additive are 2.5%, 5% and 7.5% by weight. The laboratory works performed involve the geotechnical gradation, physical, mechanical, chemical composition and thermal conductivity of fired clay brick. There are two types of brick that were produced in this study, which are control brick (CB) and sawdust brick (SB). The results show that the thermal conductivity of fire clay brick improves with the increasing percentage of waste material. Therefore, in this study, it appears that the brick incorporated with 5% of the sawdust waste is the optimum value that can achieve 7.5 MPa of compressive strength, 23.01.56% of water absorption and 0.384 W/m˚C of thermal conductivity. Thus, 5% of sawdust waste is chosen as the optimum percentage that yields better fired clay brick. This study reveals that the sawdust is a potential waste material that can be used to improve the thermal property and as a sustainable construction material