Paths Forward for the Global Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) Sector

The report summarizes key challenges and recommendations discussed at an event entitled "Paths Forward for the Global Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) Sector" hosted by the Global Water Futures Project at the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS). The series of discussions focused on ways to catalyze and strengthen efforts to address international WASH problems. The sessions aimed to develop a set of actionable recommendations to improve the outcomes of global WASH programs and to increase the capacity of the U.S.-based public and private sectors to engage in program activities related to global WASH challenges. Each session examined a key challenge facing the water, sanitation, and hygiene sector. Roundtables focused on the following themes: "Building the Momentum for WASH Awareness," "Growing the Resource Base for WASH Efforts," "Making Our WASH Investments Count," and "Breaking the WASH Silo.

The Corn and Climate Report

Summarizes research on climate change and its impact on Midwestern agriculture, how to mitigate its effects, and other issues discussed among weather and climate service providers, agribusiness providers, producers, and state advisors at a 2008 workshop

The prediction of wake wash in the towing tank

The wash or ship-generated waves from high speed craft has become a common subject in research and development of marine transportation. Since some time now the wake wash of high speed craft has become a problem in particular on inland or confined waterways. This wake wash has an impact on safety and environment such as bank/shoreline erosion, risk to people on shore and small boats in harbors and changes in the local ecology. This paper describes the results of model test of a high speed patrol, together with theoretical prediction of wake wash

Spectral properties of the hierarchical product of graphs

The hierarchical product of two graphs represents a natural way to build a larger graph out of two smaller graphs with less regular and therefore more heterogeneous structure than the Cartesian product. Here we study the eigenvalue spectrum of the adjacency matrix of the hierarchical product of two graphs. Introducing a coupling parameter describing the relative contribution of each of the two smaller graphs, we perform an asymptotic analysis for the full spectrum of eigenvalues of the adjacency matrix of the hierarchical product. Specifically, we derive the exact limit points for each eigenvalue in the limits of small and large coupling, as well as the leading-order relaxation to these values in terms of the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the two smaller graphs. Given its central roll in the structural and dynamical properties of networks, we study in detail the Perron-Frobenius, or largest, eigenvalue. Finally, as an example application we use our theory to predict the epidemic threshold of the Susceptible-Infected-Susceptible model on a hierarchical product of two graphs

Loss of strumpellin in the melanocytic lineage impairs the WASH Complex but does not affect coat colour

The five-subunit WASH complex generates actin networks that participate in endocytic trafficking, migration and invasion in various cell types. Loss of one of the two subunits WASH or strumpellin in mice is lethal, but little is known about their role in mammals in vivo. We explored the role of strumpellin, which has previously been linked to hereditary spastic paraplegia, in the mouse melanocytic lineage. Strumpellin knockout in melanocytes revealed abnormal endocytic vesicle morphology but no impairment of migration in vitro or in vivo and no change in coat colour. Unexpectedly, WASH and filamentous actin could still localize to vesicles in the absence of strumpellin, although the shape and size of vesicles was altered. Blue native PAGE revealed the presence of two distinct WASH complexes, even in strumpellin knockout cells, revealing that the WASH complex can assemble and localize to endocytic compartments in cells in the absence of strumpellin

An Analysis of the Wash and Flotation Deinking Processes

The purpose of this paper is to obtain data, so that we may compare the ability of Floatation vs. Wash deinking to produce a paper of equal standards as the original unprinted base-stock. It was determined that both flotation and wash deinked stock with the addition of 40% fresh pulp can produce a paper of equal physical and optical properties as the unprinted stock from which it was made. Floatation deinked stock was found have a higher materials cost, however, it displayed better strength and opacity properties than wash deinked stock. The difference is thought to result from a large fines loss in the wash deinking process

Navigating the Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) Sector: A Guide for Corporate Grantmakers

The opportunities for the corporate sector to demonstrate leadership in WASH are widespread and allow for great returns on investment. This guide, developed by WASH Advocates, presents an overview of opportunities for corporations to leverage resources and meet goals effectively

Analysis of Research on the Effects of Improved Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene on the Health of People Living with HIV and AIDS and Programmatic Implications

This paper reviews the existing scientific and programmatic evidence, raises WASH issues in the HIV and AIDS context that need further study to build the evidence base, assesses current WASH guidance through a review of national HIV/AIDS guidelines from five African countries, and identifies programmatic implications that home-based care programs and the WASH sectors must consider