3,765 research outputs found
Path Similarity Analysis: a Method for Quantifying Macromolecular Pathways
Diverse classes of proteins function through large-scale conformational
changes; sophisticated enhanced sampling methods have been proposed to generate
these macromolecular transition paths. As such paths are curves in a
high-dimensional space, they have been difficult to compare quantitatively, a
prerequisite to, for instance, assess the quality of different sampling
algorithms. The Path Similarity Analysis (PSA) approach alleviates these
difficulties by utilizing the full information in 3N-dimensional trajectories
in configuration space. PSA employs the Hausdorff or Fr\'echet path
metrics---adopted from computational geometry---enabling us to quantify path
(dis)similarity, while the new concept of a Hausdorff-pair map permits the
extraction of atomic-scale determinants responsible for path differences.
Combined with clustering techniques, PSA facilitates the comparison of many
paths, including collections of transition ensembles. We use the closed-to-open
transition of the enzyme adenylate kinase (AdK)---a commonly used testbed for
the assessment enhanced sampling algorithms---to examine multiple microsecond
equilibrium molecular dynamics (MD) transitions of AdK in its substrate-free
form alongside transition ensembles from the MD-based dynamic importance
sampling (DIMS-MD) and targeted MD (TMD) methods, and a geometrical targeting
algorithm (FRODA). A Hausdorff pairs analysis of these ensembles revealed, for
instance, that differences in DIMS-MD and FRODA paths were mediated by a set of
conserved salt bridges whose charge-charge interactions are fully modeled in
DIMS-MD but not in FRODA. We also demonstrate how existing trajectory analysis
methods relying on pre-defined collective variables, such as native contacts or
geometric quantities, can be used synergistically with PSA, as well as the
application of PSA to more complex systems such as membrane transporter
proteins.Comment: 9 figures, 3 tables in the main manuscript; supplementary information
includes 7 texts (S1 Text - S7 Text) and 11 figures (S1 Fig - S11 Fig) (also
available from journal site
Exploration of the High Entropy Alloy Space as a Constraint Satisfaction Problem
High Entropy Alloys (HEAs), Multi-principal Component Alloys (MCA), or
Compositionally Complex Alloys (CCAs) are alloys that contain multiple
principal alloying elements. While many HEAs have been shown to have unique
properties, their discovery has been largely done through costly and
time-consuming trial-and-error approaches, with only an infinitesimally small
fraction of the entire possible composition space having been explored. In this
work, the exploration of the HEA composition space is framed as a Continuous
Constraint Satisfaction Problem (CCSP) and solved using a novel Constraint
Satisfaction Algorithm (CSA) for the rapid and robust exploration of alloy
thermodynamic spaces. The algorithm is used to discover regions in the HEA
Composition-Temperature space that satisfy desired phase constitution
requirements. The algorithm is demonstrated against a new (TCHEA1) CALPHAD HEA
thermodynamic database. The database is first validated by comparing phase
stability predictions against experiments and then the CSA is deployed and
tested against design tasks consisting of identifying not only single phase
solid solution regions in ternary, quaternary and quinary composition spaces
but also the identification of regions that are likely to yield
precipitation-strengthened HEAs.Comment: 14 pages, 13 figure
Enabling QM-accurate simulation of dislocation motion in γ−Ni and α−Fe using a hybrid multiscale approach
We present an extension of the ‘learn on the fly’ method to the study of the motion of dislocations in metallic systems, developed with the aim of producing information-efficient force models that can be systematically validated against reference QM calculations. Nye tensor analysis is used to dynamically track the quantum region centered at the core of a dislocation, thus enabling quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics simulations. The technique is used to study the motion of screw dislocations in Ni-Al systems, relevant to plastic deformation in Ni-based alloys, at a variety of temperature/strain conditions. These simulations reveal only a moderate spacing ( ∼ 5 Å ) between Shockley partial dislocations, at variance with the predictions of traditional molecular dynamics (MD) simulation using interatomic potentials, which yields a much larger spacing in the high stress regime. The discrepancy can be rationalized in terms of the elastic properties of an hcp crystal, which influence the behavior of the stacking fault region between Shockley partial dislocations. The transferability of this technique to more challenging systems is addressed, focusing on the expected accuracy of such calculations. The bcc α − Fe phase is a prime example, as its magnetic properties at the open surfaces make it particularly challenging for embedding-based QM/MM techniques. Our tests reveal that high accuracy can still be obtained at the core of a dislocation, albeit at a significant computational cost for fully converged results. However, we find this cost can be reduced by using a machine learning approach to progressively reduce the rate of expensive QM calculations required during the dynamical simulations, as the size of the QM database increases
Deep Learning for Multiscale Damage Analysis via Physics-Informed Recurrent Neural Network
Direct numerical simulation of hierarchical materials via
homogenization-based concurrent multiscale models poses critical challenges for
3D large scale engineering applications, as the computation of highly nonlinear
and path-dependent material constitutive responses at the lower scale causes
prohibitively high computational costs. In this work, we propose a
physics-informed data-driven deep learning model as an efficient surrogate to
emulate the effective responses of heterogeneous microstructures under
irreversible elasto-plastic hardening and softening deformation. Our
contribution contains several major innovations. First, we propose a novel
training scheme to generate arbitrary loading sequences in the sampling space
confined by deformation constraints where the simulation cost of homogenizing
microstructural responses per sequence is dramatically reduced via mechanistic
reduced-order models. Second, we develop a new sequential learner that
incorporates thermodynamics consistent physics constraints by customizing
training loss function and data flow architecture. We additionally demonstrate
the integration of trained surrogate within the framework of classic multiscale
finite element solver. Our numerical experiments indicate that our model shows
a significant accuracy improvement over pure data-driven emulator and a
dramatic efficiency boost than reduced models. We believe our data-driven model
provides a computationally efficient and mechanics consistent alternative for
classic constitutive laws beneficial for potential high-throughput simulations
that needs material homogenization of irreversible behaviors
Data-Driven Understanding of Smart Service Systems Through Text Mining
Smart service systems are everywhere, in homes and in the transportation, energy, and healthcare sectors. However, such systems have yet to be fully understood in the literature. Given the widespread applications of and research on smart service systems, we used text mining to develop a unified understanding of such systems in a data-driven way. Specifically, we used a combination of metrics and machine learning algorithms to preprocess and analyze text data related to smart service systems, including text from the scientific literature and news articles. By analyzing 5,378 scientific articles and 1,234 news articles, we identify important keywords, 16 research topics, 4 technology factors, and 13 application areas. We define ???smart service system??? based on the analytics results. Furthermore, we discuss the theoretical and methodological implications of our work, such as the 5Cs (connection, collection, computation, and communications for co-creation) of smart service systems and the text mining approach to understand service research topics. We believe this work, which aims to establish common ground for understanding these systems across multiple disciplinary perspectives, will encourage further research and development of modern service systems
ELK stack Big Data visualitzation using D3 library
Aquest document explica el desenvolupament de les eines de visualització de dades creades amb la llibreria D3 per a una aplicació web AngularJs existent. Aquestes visualitzacions tenen com a objectiu representar informació de Big data procedent de l'entorn Elastic de manera fàcilment comprensible. Tots els processos involucrats, des de l'obtenció de les dades fins a la visualització front-end en representacions adients y passant pel post processament, es troben descrites en aquesta memòria.This document explains the development of the data visualization tools created with the D3 library for an existing AngularJs web application. These visuals aim to represent the Big data from an Elastic stack in an understandable way. All the processes involved, from fetching the data to the front-end display in suitable representations and passing through the post-processing, are described in this memory
Building Information Modeling and Building Performance Simulation-Based Decision Support Systems for Improved Built Heritage Operation
Adapting outdated building stocks’ operations to meet current environmental and economic
demands poses significant challenges that, to be faced, require a shift toward digitalization in the
architecture, engineering, construction, and operation sectors. Digital tools capable of acquiring,
structuring, sharing, processing, and visualizing built assets’ data in the form of knowledge need to be
conceptualized and developed to inform asset managers in decision-making and strategic planning.
This paper explores how building information modeling and building performance simulation
technologies can be integrated into digital decision support systems (DSS) to make building data
accessible and usable by non-digital expert operators through user-friendly services. The method
followed to develop the digital DSS is illustrated and then demonstrated with a simulation-based
application conducted on the heritage case study of the Faculty of Engineering in Bologna, Italy.
The analysis allows insights into the building’s energy performance at the space and hour scale
and explores its relationship with the planned occupancy through a data visualization approach.
In addition, the conceptualization of the DSS within a digital twin vision lays the foundations for
future extensions to other technologies and data, including, for example, live sensor measurements,
occupant feedback, and forecasting algorithms
Structural Material Property Tailoring Using Deep Neural Networks
Advances in robotics, artificial intelligence, and machine learning are
ushering in a new age of automation, as machines match or outperform human
performance. Machine intelligence can enable businesses to improve performance
by reducing errors, improving sensitivity, quality and speed, and in some cases
achieving outcomes that go beyond current resource capabilities. Relevant
applications include new product architecture design, rapid material
characterization, and life-cycle management tied with a digital strategy that
will enable efficient development of products from cradle to grave. In
addition, there are also challenges to overcome that must be addressed through
a major, sustained research effort that is based solidly on both inferential
and computational principles applied to design tailoring of functionally
optimized structures. Current applications of structural materials in the
aerospace industry demand the highest quality control of material
microstructure, especially for advanced rotational turbomachinery in aircraft
engines in order to have the best tailored material property. In this paper,
deep convolutional neural networks were developed to accurately predict
processing-structure-property relations from materials microstructures images,
surpassing current best practices and modeling efforts. The models
automatically learn critical features, without the need for manual
specification and/or subjective and expensive image analysis. Further, in
combination with generative deep learning models, a framework is proposed to
enable rapid material design space exploration and property identification and
optimization. The implementation must take account of real-time decision cycles
and the trade-offs between speed and accuracy
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