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A universality theorem for allowable sequences with applications
Order types are a well known abstraction of combinatorial properties of a
point set. By Mn\"ev's universality theorem for each semi-algebraic set
there is an order type with a realization space that is \emph{stably
equivalent} to . We consider realization spaces of \emph{allowable
sequences}, a refinement of order types. We show that the realization spaces of
allowable sequences are \emph{universal} and consequently deciding the
realizability is complete in the \emph{existential theory of the reals} (\ER).
This result holds even if the realization space of the order type induced by
the allowable sequence is non-empty. Furthermore, we argue that our result is a
useful tool for further geometric reductions. We support this by giving
\ER-hardness proofs for the realizability of abstract convex geometries and for
the recognition problem of visibility graphs of polygons with holes using the
hardness result for allowable sequences. This solves two longstanding open
problems