Applying Electronic Commerce for a Proposed Virtual Organization

Virtual organization is similar to traditional organization in principles, but is different in the ways it operates. It requires small creation costs compared to the traditional and it uses electronic commerce as the market place and distribution channel for its products and services.The aim of this article is to applying electronic commerce for a proposed virtual organization. The tools used to build an effective web application for virtual organization to provide virtual environment to the customers to do the transaction activities online include PHP, MySQL and Apache. HTML is used for displaying forms and tables and JavaScript is used for verification in client side. Finally, connecting it to 2Checkout.com company as a third party to perform the financial transactions in a secure manner.  The system has a protected database by encryption and password with simplified administration to manage all activities without the need for any experience in programming and designing. Using a trusted international electronic money transfer company can be an essential assuring step. Keywords: Virtual Organization, Electronic Commerce, 2CO, Web application.

Recognizing the Importance of an Understanding of Autopoietic and Complexity Theories Within the Electronic Commerce Model for Competitive Advantage

Traditionally, management has viewed the organization as a very mechanistic, linear system characterized by a simple and predictable cause and effect. However, complexity theory brings to management an organic, nonlinear, and holistic way of viewing organizational systems. Within the business context in general and the electronic commerce model in specific, the selfproducing and self-organizing nature of the organization combined with the interaction between the autonomous agents of the system, produces emerging patterns and an intrinsic order that flies in the face of the traditional problem-solving techniques. The application of the autopoietic and complexity theories to the virtual systems that exist within the electronic commerce model can assist business management in understanding the nature of the unpredictable, dynamic forces continuously driving forward the dynamics of these New Economy systems. The focus of this research will center on: · identifying the interactive nature of complexity theory within the electronic commerce model;· understanding the virtual society of the electronic commerce model as being functionally differentiated into autonomous autopoietic subsystems, or “meaning worlds” (Teubner & Willke, 1997), which can influence each other only indirectly; · accepting that functional differentiation, complexity theory, and autopoiesis mean it is no longer possible to direct and control these virtual social systems to move along the traditionally predetermined paths through interventions from external systems, such as external entities, business alliances, internal customers, or external customers; · appreciating the creative dynamism unleashed through complexity theory and the autopoietic processes in which the new hyper-extended communication acts to produce new artificial structures within the electronic commerce model that have dynamics of their own and can self-reproduce and self-regulate through autopoiesis; · being aware that these social autopoietics do not give primacy either to the individual or the collective within the virtual social system, but to the emergent new hyper-extended communication system which results from discourses involving the dynamic systemic structures and real people. Hypothesized outcomes of this research also include a better understanding of the emergent behavior of the systems within the electronic commerce model. The application of the autopoietic and complexity theories to these virtual systems can be positively related to organizational success that comes from the networked combinations of freely acting agents. Competitive advantages can be maximized and organizational missions can be achieved though an understanding and application of complexity and autopoietic theories

Organizational Engineering based on the OER-paradigm - A Tutorial

To acquire an understanding of business processes in which one completely abstracts from the supporting information systems and technology as well as from organizational structures and staffing. The so-called essential model of an organization represents such an understanding. This model appears to be an ideal starting point for such activities as Business Process Re- engineering, Information Systems Strategy, Information System Development, and WorkFlow management, but also for addressing the essential issues of Virtual Organizations and Electronic Commerce

Analysis of U.S. E-Commerce Sales Using Winters’ Method

More than three billion people around the world have the access to the Internet or around 40% of the world population has an Internet connection, and there are over one billion websites on the World Wide Web as of August 2016 (InternetLiveStas). While these numbers are truly impressive, there is no doubt that they will continue to grow rapidly in the foreseeable future. Business on the Internet has also flourished as a consequence. Electronic commerce or e-business, the process of buying, selling, transferring, or exchanging products, service, or information via computing networks, including the Internet, is positively one of the major driving forces for businesses of all sizes today. The impact of electronic commerce is indeed phenomenal or even revolutionary. The Internet and World Wide Web have changed our society substantially in general, and the ways in which companies and organizations conduct businesses, consumers buy, sell and exchange, and individuals work, communicate, entertain, get educated, and involve in many other activities in particular. The benefits and advantages of electronic commerce are being felt in many different and meaningfully ways. Nowadays a significant portion of businesses rely either heavily or in some cases solely on the revenues or returns generated from the electronic commerce division of their corresponding businesses. More and more companies and organizations of all sizes, are working to make a greater presence in the virtual world and conduct more e-commerce because of the importance of e-commerce to the success, or sustainability, or even the very survival of the organization as well as the advantages e-business brings. U.S. Census Bureau has being conducted survey on e-commerce sales since 1999 and estimated that the total electronic sales (defined as sales of goods and services where an order is placed by the buyer or price and terms of sale are negotiated over an Internet, extranet, Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) network, electronic mail, or other online system) in the U.S. This paper provides a time-series analysis of U.S. e-commerce sales for the period of 1999 - 2015 using Winters’ Method. It also includes quarterly U.S. e-commerce sales projections for the period of 2015 - 2017. Keywords: Electronic Commerce; E-Commerce; Time Series Analysis; Winters’ method; Seasonality; Exponential smoothin

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY GETS INTO SPACE

Information Technology is changing the nature of organizations and the way all of us work. IT design variables make it possible to create new organization structures and new modes of operation. The second order impact of these new types of organizations and working arrangements is on physical space: virtual organizations, highly mobile work forces and electronic commerce will change the demand for and nature of office, retail and industrial space. Yet a third-order impact of this technology will be changes in cities, suburbs and rural areas brought about by these new trends in space.Information Systems Working Papers Serie

Website Design: The Concepts of Informational and Computational Equivalence

“To the end users, the user interface is the system.” This slogan has been widely used in human-computer interaction field to stress the importance of user interface design. In the Internet and electronic commerce area, the website is not only the system, but it also projects an image of the organization in cyberspace. The design of websites is central to businesses as they create the first impression of organizations to visitors. For a virtual organization, the website is also the only medium that visitors rely on to form their impression of the organization. In this paper, we look at theories and frameworks from cognitive psychology, particularly the Informational and Computational Equivalence theory, and investigate their implications on website designs. A weaker version of the theory, Weak Informational and Weak Computational Equivalence, is also proposed

The Hypercube Model of E-Commerce Strategies

Embracing the Electronic Commerce (EC), many firms have vigorously aligned their business strategies to leverage on the enormous market potential while at the same time enhancing business processes and redefining business governance. Yet, these firms’ performances to date have been mixed with little evidence that their technological investments had borne any dividends. This paper aims to examine this EC paradox by proposing a hypercube model that can be used to analyze firms’ EC strategies in relation to the variability of the virtual organization structure, the activity development and technology cycle, and the strategic orientation of key decision-makers towards the market

CrossFlow: Cross-Organizational Workflow Management for Service Outsourcing in Dynamic Virtual Enterprises

In this report, we present the approach to cross-organizational workflow management of the CrossFlow project. CrossFlow is a European research project aiming at the support of cross-organizational workflows in dynamic virtual enterprises. The cooperation in these virtual enterprises is based on dynamic service outsourcing specified in electronic contracts. Service enactment is performed by dynamically linking the workflow management infrastructures of the involved organizations. Extended service enactment support is provided in the form of cross-organizational transaction management and process control, advanced quality of service monitoring, and support for high-level flexibility in service enactment. CrossFlow technology is realized on top of a commercial workflow management platform and applied in two real-world scenarios in the contexts of a logistics and an insurance company

E-commerce and its impact in logistic management: A state of art

Logistics management is defined as that part of the supply chain process that plans, implements, and controls the efficient, effective flow and storage of goods, services, and related information from the point of origin to the point of consumption in order to meet customers' requirements. Traditional logistical issues may be amplified by an e-commerce venture. Adopting e-commerce may greatly expand the marketplace. The organization needs to be concerned with its ability to deliver its product to potential customers. Realizing the importance of E-commerce in logistic management, an attempt has been made in this paper to review the existing literature with the objective to gain insights into the impact of E-commerce in logistic management. The advantages of the E-commerce in logistic management are offered. Finally, summary of findings and calculations are presented

A Three-Level Process Framework for Contract-Based Dynamic Service Outsourcing

Service outsourcing is the business paradigm, in which an organization has part of its business process performed by a service provider. In dynamic markets, service providers are selected on the fly during process enactment. The cooperation between the parties is\ud specified in a dynamically made electronic contract. This contract includes a process specification that is tailored towards service matchmaking and crossorganizational process enactment and hence has to conform to specific market and specification standards. Process enactment, however, relies on intraorganizational process specifications that have to comply with the infrastructure available in an organization. In this position paper, we present a three-level process specification framework for dynamic contract-based\ud service outsourcing. This framework relates the two process specification levels through a third, conceptual level. This approached is inspired by the well-known ANSI-SPARC model for data management. We show how the framework can be placed in the context of infrastructures for cross-organizational process support