165 research outputs found
Air Traffic Management Abbreviation Compendium
As in all fields of work, an unmanageable number of abbreviations are used today in aviation for terms, definitions, commands, standards and technical descriptions. This applies in general to the areas of aeronautical communication, navigation and surveillance, cockpit and air traffic control working positions, passenger and cargo transport, and all other areas of flight planning, organization and guidance. In addition, many abbreviations are used more than once or have different meanings in different languages.
In order to obtain an overview of the most common abbreviations used in air traffic management, organizations like EUROCONTROL, FAA, DWD and DLR have published lists of abbreviations in the past, which have also been enclosed in this document. In addition, abbreviations from some larger international projects related to aviation have been included to provide users with a directory as complete as possible. This means that the second edition of the Air Traffic Management Abbreviation Compendium includes now around 16,500 abbreviations and acronyms from the field of aviation
Deep Learning Designs for Physical Layer Communications
Wireless communication systems and their underlying technologies have undergone unprecedented advances over the last two decades to assuage the ever-increasing demands for various applications and emerging technologies. However, the traditional signal processing schemes and algorithms for wireless communications cannot handle the upsurging complexity associated with fifth-generation (5G) and beyond communication systems due to network expansion, new emerging technologies, high data rate, and the ever-increasing demands for low latency. This thesis extends the traditional downlink transmission schemes to deep learning-based precoding and detection techniques that are hardware-efficient and of lower complexity than the current state-of-the-art. The thesis focuses on: precoding/beamforming in massive multiple-inputs-multiple-outputs (MIMO), signal detection and lightweight neural network (NN) architectures for precoder and decoder designs. We introduce a learning-based precoder design via constructive interference (CI) that performs the precoding on a symbol-by-symbol basis. Instead
of conventionally training a NN without considering the specifics of the optimisation objective, we unfold a power minimisation symbol level precoding (SLP) formulation based on the interior-point-method (IPM) proximal ‘log’ barrier function. Furthermore, we propose a concept of NN compression, where the weights are quantised to lower numerical precision formats based on binary and ternary quantisations. We further introduce a stochastic quantisation technique, where parts of the NN weight matrix are quantised while the remaining is not. Finally, we propose a systematic complexity scaling of deep neural network (DNN) based MIMO detectors. The model uses a fraction of the DNN inputs by scaling their values through weights that follow monotonically non-increasing functions. Furthermore, we investigate performance complexity tradeoffs via regularisation constraints on the layer weights such that, at inference, parts of network layers can be removed with minimal impact on the detection accuracy. Simulation results show that our proposed learning-based techniques offer better complexity-vs-BER (bit-error-rate) and complexity-vs-transmit power performances compared to the state-of-the-art MIMO detection and precoding techniques
Cooperative Radio Communications for Green Smart Environments
The demand for mobile connectivity is continuously increasing, and by 2020 Mobile and Wireless Communications will serve not only very dense populations of mobile phones and nomadic computers, but also the expected multiplicity of devices and sensors located in machines, vehicles, health systems and city infrastructures. Future Mobile Networks are then faced with many new scenarios and use cases, which will load the networks with different data traffic patterns, in new or shared spectrum bands, creating new specific requirements. This book addresses both the techniques to model, analyse and optimise the radio links and transmission systems in such scenarios, together with the most advanced radio access, resource management and mobile networking technologies. This text summarises the work performed by more than 500 researchers from more than 120 institutions in Europe, America and Asia, from both academia and industries, within the framework of the COST IC1004 Action on "Cooperative Radio Communications for Green and Smart Environments". The book will have appeal to graduates and researchers in the Radio Communications area, and also to engineers working in the Wireless industry. Topics discussed in this book include: • Radio waves propagation phenomena in diverse urban, indoor, vehicular and body environments• Measurements, characterization, and modelling of radio channels beyond 4G networks• Key issues in Vehicle (V2X) communication• Wireless Body Area Networks, including specific Radio Channel Models for WBANs• Energy efficiency and resource management enhancements in Radio Access Networks• Definitions and models for the virtualised and cloud RAN architectures• Advances on feasible indoor localization and tracking techniques• Recent findings and innovations in antenna systems for communications• Physical Layer Network Coding for next generation wireless systems• Methods and techniques for MIMO Over the Air (OTA) testin
Rotation matrices for signal space diversity analysis and MC-CDMA versus SCMA performance and complexity comparison
Orientadores: Celso de Almeida, Henry Ramiro Carvajal MoraTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de ComputaçãoResumo: A crescente necessidade por sistemas de comunicação sem fio que apresentem maior eficiência espectral e confiabilidade, tem norteado os estudos e as propostas tecnológicas futuras das comunicações. Temáticas como eficiência espectral, múltiplo acesso e algoritmos de detecção de sinais são muito importantes e fazem parte dos estudos propostos pelo 3GPP (Third Generation Partnership Project), para elaboração da quinta geração de sistemas móveis, 5G. Nesse sentido, a fim de colaborar com o futuro das comunicações, uma das vertentes desta tese apresenta contribuições na área de diversidade espacial de sinais (SSD - Signal Space Diversity), técnica essa que permite o aumento da ordem de diversidade do sistema, sem impactar na eficiência espectral do mesmo. A técnica SSD trabalha com constelações rotacionadas. Uma nova métrica de avaliação, denominada métrica K, será usada neste trabalho para a obtenção de parâmetros de rotação ótimos. Em uma das abordagens, serão propostas e avaliadas novas estruturas matriciais de rotação multidimensional. Uma comparação de desempenho, em termos da taxa de erro de bit (BER - Bit Error Rate) média destas matrizes propostas, com estruturas de rotação comumente encontradas na literatura será realizada. Em outra avaliação, por meio de simulação computacional, os parâmetros de rotação ótimos de matrizes de rotação ortogonais em cenários com um único usuário serão obtidos usando a métrica K. Os resultados mostram que os ângulos de rotação ótimos obtidos neste trabalho, apresentam melhor desempenho que os ângulos de rotação encontrados por meio da distância produto mÃnima (MPD - Minimum Distance Product), métrica essa comumente usada na literatura. Além disso, os resultados apontam que os ângulos de rotação ótimos variam de acordo com as configurações do sistema, sendo que, neste trabalho são avaliados diferentes ordens de modulação QAM, número de dimensões e quantidade de antenas usadas na recepção. Será também realizada uma análise em cenário multiusuário, com o objetivo de verificar o impacto no desempenho devido ao uso de diferentes parâmetros de rotação em cada um dos usuários. Expressões analÃticas para auxiliar nessa avaliação serão apresentadas. Será verificado se os parâmetros de rotação encontrados para os cenários com um único usuário, podem ser utilizados por todos os usuários no cenário multiusuário, sem prejuÃzo de desempenho. Outra contribuição desta tese se refere à comparação realizada entre as técnicas de múltiplo acesso MC-CDMA (Multicarrier Code Division Multiple Access) e SCMA (Sparse Code Multiple Access), usando seus respectivos detectores multiusuários, MU-MLD (Multiuser Maximum Likelihood Detector) implementado via detecção esférica (SD - Sphere Detector) e MPA (Message Passing Algorithm). Nessa análise comparativa serão apresentadas curvas da BER média em função da razão sinal-ruÃdo (SNR - Signal to Noise Ratio) em canais com desvanecimento. Esses resultados serão obtidos por meio de simulações de Monte Carlo. Serão também apresentados os resultados de complexidade dos detectores multiusuário, em termos do número de operações matemáticas, obtidos por meio de expressões analÃticas e simulações. Nessas análises será considerado o enlace reverso de sistemas celulares sobrecarregados, ou seja, quando o número de usuários alocados no sistema é maior do que o número de recursos fÃsicos disponÃveis. Os resultados mostram que, em mesmas condições de eficiência espectral e sem o uso de códigos corretores de erros, a técnica MC-CDMA apresenta um melhor desempenho em relação à técnica SCMA e que o decodificador SD é menos complexo que o detector MPAAbstract: The growing necessity for wireless communication systems with greater spectral efficiency and reliability has been guiding the future communication technological proposals. Spectral efficiency, multiple access techniques and signal detection algorithms compose part of the 3GPP (Third Generation Partnership Project) research for the fifth generation of mobile communication systems, 5G. In order to cooperate with the communication development, this thesis presents contributions in the signal spatial diversity (SSD) area, technique that allows to increase the system diversity order without impact its spectral efficiency. The SSD technique uses rotated constellations. Thus, a new metric, named metric K, is used in this thesis in order to obtain the optimum rotation parameters for SSD systems. In addition, new multidimensional rotation matrices are proposed and evaluated in this work. A performance comparison, in terms of the mean bit error rate (BER), of these proposed rotation matrices with others rotation matrices commonly found in the literature is done. Employing the metric K, the optimum rotation parameters used in matrices are obtained by simulation, considering single user scenarios. The results show that the optimum rotation parameters obtained in this work present better performance compared to the rotation parameters obtained by the minimum product distance (MPD) metric, commonly used in the literature. Our analysis evidences that the optimum rotation parameters vary according to the system parameters, that is, the M-QAM modulation order, the number of dimensions and the number of antennas used at the receiver. Another analysis is done for a multiuser scenario. In this case, the performance impact due to the use of different rotation parameters for each user is evaluated. Matrix expressions to emulate the received signals in a multiuser scenario are also presented. Due to the high complexity to obtain the optimum rotation parameters for a multiuser scenario, we also evaluate if the single user optimum rotation parameters can be used by all the users in the multiuser scenario. Another thesis contribution is related to multicarrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA) and sparse code multiple access (SCMA). Specifically, a performance comparison is carried out considering their respective multiuser detectors, that is the multiuser maximum likelihood detector (MU-MLD) implemented via sphere decoder (SD) for MC-CDMA and the message passing algorithm (MPA) for SCMA. The performance results are shown in terms of mean BER as a function of the signal to noise ratio (SNR) in fading channels, and they are obtained via Monte Carlo simulations. In addition, the multiuser detectors complexity, in terms of the mean number of mathematical operations, is obtained by simulation and also by analytics expressions. In these analysis, an overloaded uplink mobile system is considered, that is, the number of simultaneous active users is greater than the number of available physical resources. The results show that, in the same spectral efficiency conditions, the MC-CDMA technique presents better performance than SCMA technique and the SD multiuser decoder is less complex than the MPA detectorDoutoradoTelecomunicações e TelemáticaDoutora em Engenharia Elétric
Intelligent Circuits and Systems
ICICS-2020 is the third conference initiated by the School of Electronics and Electrical Engineering at Lovely Professional University that explored recent innovations of researchers working for the development of smart and green technologies in the fields of Energy, Electronics, Communications, Computers, and Control. ICICS provides innovators to identify new opportunities for the social and economic benefits of society.  This conference bridges the gap between academics and R&D institutions, social visionaries, and experts from all strata of society to present their ongoing research activities and foster research relations between them. It provides opportunities for the exchange of new ideas, applications, and experiences in the field of smart technologies and finding global partners for future collaboration. The ICICS-2020 was conducted in two broad categories, Intelligent Circuits & Intelligent Systems and Emerging Technologies in Electrical Engineering
Applications of MATLAB in Science and Engineering
The book consists of 24 chapters illustrating a wide range of areas where MATLAB tools are applied. These areas include mathematics, physics, chemistry and chemical engineering, mechanical engineering, biological (molecular biology) and medical sciences, communication and control systems, digital signal, image and video processing, system modeling and simulation. Many interesting problems have been included throughout the book, and its contents will be beneficial for students and professionals in wide areas of interest
MIMO Systems
In recent years, it was realized that the MIMO communication systems seems to be inevitable in accelerated evolution of high data rates applications due to their potential to dramatically increase the spectral efficiency and simultaneously sending individual information to the corresponding users in wireless systems. This book, intends to provide highlights of the current research topics in the field of MIMO system, to offer a snapshot of the recent advances and major issues faced today by the researchers in the MIMO related areas. The book is written by specialists working in universities and research centers all over the world to cover the fundamental principles and main advanced topics on high data rates wireless communications systems over MIMO channels. Moreover, the book has the advantage of providing a collection of applications that are completely independent and self-contained; thus, the interested reader can choose any chapter and skip to another without losing continuity
Low-Power Embedded Design Solutions and Low-Latency On-Chip Interconnect Architecture for System-On-Chip Design
This dissertation presents three design solutions to support several key system-on-chip (SoC) issues to achieve low-power and high performance. These are: 1) joint source and channel decoding (JSCD) schemes for low-power SoCs used in portable multimedia systems, 2) efficient on-chip interconnect architecture for massive multimedia data streaming on multiprocessor SoCs (MPSoCs), and 3) data processing architecture for low-power SoCs in distributed sensor network (DSS) systems and its implementation.
The first part includes a low-power embedded low density parity check code (LDPC) - H.264 joint decoding architecture to lower the baseband energy consumption of a channel decoder using joint source decoding and dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS). A low-power multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) and H.264 video joint detector/decoder design that minimizes energy for portable, wireless embedded systems is also designed.
In the second part, a link-level quality of service (QoS) scheme using unequal error protection (UEP) for low-power network-on-chip (NoC) and low latency on-chip network designs for MPSoCs is proposed. This part contains WaveSync, a low-latency focused network-on-chip architecture for globally-asynchronous locally-synchronous (GALS) designs and a simultaneous dual-path routing (SDPR) scheme utilizing path diversity present in typical mesh topology network-on-chips. SDPR is akin to having a higher link width but without the significant hardware overhead associated with simple bus width scaling.
The last part shows data processing unit designs for embedded SoCs. We propose a data processing and control logic design for a new radiation detection sensor system generating data at or above Peta-bits-per-second level. Implementation results show that the intended clock rate is achieved within the power target of less than 200mW. We also present a digital signal processing (DSP) accelerator supporting configurable MAC, FFT, FIR, and 3-D cross product operations for embedded SoCs. It consumes 12.35mW along with 0.167mm2 area at 333MHz
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