C-V2X Vision in the Chinese Roadmap: Standardization, Field Tests, and Industrialization

Cellular-based V2X (C-V2X) technology promoted by Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) is gaining increasing attention globally, after many year-long competition with dedicated short-range communications (DSRC) supported by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for vehicular to everything communication. As a rising star, China continuously and actively focuses on and contributes to the C-V2X technology development in this technology marathon. Starting from the standardization progress, a quite few Chinese-specific use cases and communication messages are defined for the complicated urban traffics. Based on these dedicatedly designed higher layer protocols, the annual field tests are progressively conducted to testify the interoperability among chipsets, modules, security certificates, and original equipment manufacturer (OEM). Putting enough efforts on industry standards and tests, China is fast commercializing the C-V2X-based road services, for example, robotaxi and robot-bus in representative cities. Thus, in this chapter, we propose to provide sufficient technology views and a summary to show such advanced Chinese C-V2X philosophy

Exploring Opportunities for Vehicle-to-Grid Implementation through Demonstration Projects

Global warming, pollution, and increasing energy demand have compelled electrification of the transport sector. Electric vehicles are not only an attractive and cleaner mode of transport, but they also possess the capacity to offer flexible storage alternative based on bidirectional vehicle-to-grid schemes. Vehicle-to-grid or V2G technology permits electric vehicles’ batteries to store energy and discharge it back to the power grid during peak-load periods. However, the feasibility and economic viability of V2G is still a matter of concern and needs investigation. In this paper, the authors delved into the feasibility of V2G technology by analysing the real time-charging data of a V2G demonstration project named EV-elocity, located at the University of Nottingham campus in the UK. The authors analysed the charging data and trip-status data of two charging sites and put forward some insights regarding the feasibility of V2G and the behavioural traits of the vehicles. This paper will enlighten the research community regarding the feasibility and benefits of V2G in a real-world environment by analysing the charging/discharging and vehicle behaviour and reporting the opportunities and benefits of vehicle-to-grid technology

A Review on Implementation of Vehicle to Everything (V2X): Benefits, Barriers and Measures

Increasing the number of electric vehicles (EVs) is necessary to support decarbonization of energy systems. Although high penetration of EVs brings new challenges to power systems as to provide sufficient energy and capacity for EVs charging, discharging of EVs would be a supportive option for electricity grid operators. Vehicle to everything (V2X) is the capability of EVs to support the grids through the vehicle to grid (V2G), vehicle to home (V2H), vehicle to load (V2L), vehicle to building (V2B) and vehicle to vehicle (V2V) technologies. The V2X technologies accelerate the electrification of the transport sector by creating added values for EVs. This paper provides a review of V2X implementation and the classification of the main benefits, barriers of V2X and possible measures to overcome. An overview of recent V2X demonstration projects worldwide has been presented along with their aims and scopes. Three groups of main benefits (i.e., social acceptance, market benefits, and economic benefits) are identified and discussed. Main barriers for V2X are categorized into four groups (i.e., technical, economic, regulatory, and social) and discussed. The paper also discussed possible measures to overcome the barriers to support successful implementation of V2X