Software Challenges For HL-LHC Data Analysis

The high energy physics community is discussing where investment is needed to prepare software for the HL-LHC and its unprecedented challenges. The ROOT project is one of the central software players in high energy physics since decades. From its experience and expectations, the ROOT team has distilled a comprehensive set of areas that should see research and development in the context of data analysis software, for making best use of HL-LHC's physics potential. This work shows what these areas could be, why the ROOT team believes investing in them is needed, which gains are expected, and where related work is ongoing. It can serve as an indication for future research proposals and cooperations

Sir John Adams: his legacy to the world of particle accelerators

John Adams acquired an unrivalled reputation for his leading part in designing and constructing the Proton Synchrotron (PS) in CERN's early days. In 1968, and after several years heading a fusion laboratory in the UK, he came back to Geneva to pilot the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) project to approval and then to direct its construction. By the time of his early death in 1984 he had built the two flagship proton accelerators at CERN and, during the second of his terms as Director-General, he laid the groundwork for the proton-antiproton collider which led to the discovery of the intermediate vector boson. How did someone without any formal academic qualification achieve this? What was the magic behind his leadership? The speaker, who worked many years alongside him, will discuss these questions and speculate on how Sir John Adams might have viewed today's CERN.Comment: 29 pages, John Adams Memorial Lecture 2009, published with high-resolution figures as CERN Yellow Report http://cdsweb.cern.ch/record/133152

Particle Spectra and Mass Composition in the Ultra-High Energy Region in the Framework of the Galactic Origin of Cosmic Rays

The possibility for a self-consistent description of all the basic features of the observed cosmic ray spectra and primary composition variations in the energy range of $10^{15}\div 10^{20}$ eV within the Galactic origin scenario is examined. We assume the existence of Galactic sources that accelerate particles up to $\sim 3\cdot 10^{18}Z$ eV and take into account a highly inhomogeneous (fractal-like) distribution of matter and magnetic fields in the Galaxy that leads to extremely large free paths of particles ("L\'{e}vy flights"), along with an overwhelming contribution to the cosmic ray fluxes observed above $\sim 10^{18}$ eV from particles reaching the Solar System without scattering. Our scenario was refined on the basis of recent experimental results on primary mass composition. Model predictions, which could be verified with the improved high-precision measurements in the nearest future are discussed.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures, 19th International Symposium on Very High Energy Cosmic Ray Interactions (22-27 August 2016). Moscow, Russia. P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (LPI RAS

Towards a Transverse Feedback System and Damper for the SPS in the LHC Era

The SPS will serve as injector for the LHC, accelerating up to 4 x 10^13 protons per cycle from 26 GeV/c to 450 GeV/c. The transverse feedback system (damper) is essential for keeping the transverse emittance blowup within the limits fixed for the LHC injector chain. The fast filamentation requires rapid damping of any injection errors. Injection errors are the combined result of steering errors and ripples on the magnet power supplies in the transfer line as well as from the PS extraction kicker and the SPS injection kicker. Besides damping injection oscillations the damper will also provide transverse feedback to stabilise the beam against the resistive wall coupled bunch instability. The required bandwidth, kick strength and power bandwidth (rise time) were discussed during the 1996 Montreux "Workshop on High Brightness Beams for Large Hadron Colliders" in the working group on "Active Emittance Control". In the present report the requirements for the damper are summarised and the development of a system to meet these specifications, based on the existing hardware, is described