Using ANNs Approach for Solving Fractional Order Volterra Integro-differential Equations

Indeed, interesting properties of artificial neural networks approach made this non-parametric model a powerful tool in solving various complicated mathematical problems. The current research attempts to produce an approximate polynomial solution for special type of fractional order Volterra integrodifferential equations. The present technique combines the neural networks approach with the power series method to introduce an efficient iterative technique. To do this, a multi-layer feed-forward neural architecture is depicted for constructing a power series of arbitrary degree. Combining the initial conditions with the resulted series gives us a suitable trial solution. Substituting this solution instead of the unknown function and employing the least mean square rule, converts the origin problem to an approximated unconstrained optimization problem. Subsequently, the resulting nonlinear minimization problem is solved iteratively using the neural networks approach. For this aim, a suitable three-layer feed-forward neural architecture is formed and trained using a back-propagation supervised learning algorithm which is based on the gradient descent rule. In other words, discretizing the differential domain with a classical rule produces some training rules. By importing these to designed architecture as input signals, the indicated learning algorithm can minimize the defined criterion function to achieve the solution series coefficients. Ultimately, the analysis is accompanied by two numerical examples to illustrate the ability of the method. Also, some comparisons are made between the present iterative approach and another traditional technique. The obtained results reveal that our method is very effective, and in these examples leads to the better approximations