Mobile application for efficient taxi allocation at airports

Thesis: S.M. in Transportation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2013.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.Includes bibliographical references (pages 52-54).The important role that taxis play in bringing passengers from an airport terminal to their final destination is often overlooked in airport operations and design. Due to varying flight arrival patterns at different terminals, taxi drivers are often unsure which terminal they should queue at. In this thesis, we present ChangiNOW, a mobile app that uses a predictive queueing model to efficiently allocate taxis. The ChangiNOW system uses observed taxi and flight data at each of the four terminals of Singapores Changi Airport to estimate the expected waiting time and queue length for taxis arriving at these terminals, and then sends taxis to terminals where waiting time is shortest. The app communicates this information to taxi drivers in a visually intuitive and appealing way, motivating them to service those terminals with the highest taxi demand. We present the theoretical details that underpin our prediction engine and validate our theory with several targeted numerical simulations. Finally, we evaluate the performance of this system in large-scale experiments and show that our system achieves a significant improvement in both passenger and taxi waiting time.by Afian Anwar.S.M. in Transportatio

Distribution Optimization Model for Passenger Departure via Multimodal Transit

International airports in China have become a complex hub between airport and multimodal transit stations. Dissimilar passenger departure demands in different transit mode cause wide gaps among departure times from airport to these modes. In this context, hub managers need to balance the distribution of air passengers to transit modes in order to reduce departure delays and alleviate the congestion in transit stations, even though they cannot change the operating plan of airport or transit stations. However, few research efforts have addressed this distribution. Therefore, we developed a distribution optimization model for passenger departure that minimizes the average departure time and is solved by Genetic Algorithm. To describe differences in passenger choices, without taking into consideration the metropolitan transportation network outside the airport, we introduced the concept of rigid and elastic departures. To reflect the tendency of elastic passengers to choose different transit modes, we assume that the passengers change to other modes in different proportions. A case revealed that the presence of rigid passengers allows managers to partly balance the distribution of passengers and improve the average departure time. When the volume of passengers approaches the peak volume, the optimized distribution significantly improves the departure time

A Study on the National Emergencies System 9-1-1 In the North Zone of Dominican Republic and its Subjective and Objective Measures of Performance

학위논문(석사) -- 서울대학교대학원 : 행정대학원 글로벌행정전공, 2023. 2. Kim Byeongjo.Response time is critical in medical emergencies; in some cases, even a response time higher than 5 minutes can rise significantly the mortality rates (VIJC, 2019). However, the 9-1-1 National System holds as its institutional vision the pursuit of Global Satisfaction that is measured by surveys to the users while authors such Brown and Coulter (1983) discard the relationship between measures of real performance and citizens perception and (VIJC, 2019) which showed a negative relationship between response time and satisfaction on emergency services. Thus, this study intends evaluate the relationship between the actual performance of the 9-1-1 system measured by the real response times versus the satisfaction that is measured by surveys conducted to the users. This study is based on secondary data provided by the 9-1-1 system as Surveys are conducted on a daily bases and response time is recorded on the system. The data was analyzed using SAS program utilizing Pearson correlation and regression to evaluate the relationship between the objective and subjective measures. The Global satisfaction was taken as dependent variable while Response time was the independent variable. The type of agency the cases belongs to, Health, Police, Public works, firefighters or transit police played the role of moderating variable for the main model of the study. As results of the study both Pearson Correlation and Multiple regression showed that there is not significant relationship between the Response time and Global Satisfaction. However, only when using the National Police agency as standard, Public Works showed a negatively significant relationship between response time and Global Satisfaction. In addition, while using Public works a base a significant but positive relationship between response time and Global Satisfaction was found for the agencies Health and Police. However, this relationship being positive goes against the theory and logical thinking of services의료 응급 상황에서 응답 시간은 매우 중요하다. 경우에 따라 응답이 5분 보다 늦어질 경우 사망률을 크게 높일 수 있다(VIJC, 2019). 그러나 9-1-1 국가 체계는 사용자에 대한 설문조사를 통해 측정되는 전체적 만족도 추구를 제도적 비전으로 제시하는 반면, 브라운과 콜터(1983)와 같은 저자들은 실제 성과 측정과 시민 인식 간의 관계를 폐기하고 (VIJC, 2019) 응답 시간 간의 부정적인 관계를 보여주었다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 실제 응답시간으로 측정한 9-1-1 체계의 실제 성능 대비 사용자를 대상으로 설문조사를 통해 측정한 만족도 간의 관계를 평가하고자 한다. 본 연구는 설문조사가 매일 실시되고 응답시간이 시스템에 기록됨에 따라 9-1-1 체계에서 제공하는 2차 자료를 기반으로 한다. 자료는 Pearson 상관관계와 회귀분석을 활용하여 SAS 프로그램을 통해 분석하여 객관측량과 주관측량의 관계를 평가하였다. 응답 시간이 독립 변수인 반면, 전체적 만족도는 종속 변수로 간주되었다. 사례가 속한 기관의 유형은 보건, 경찰, 공공사업, 소방관 또는 교통경찰이 연구의 주요 모형에 대한 변수를 조절하는 역할을 했다. 연구 결과 Pearson Correlation과 Multiple regression 모두 응답 시간과 글로벌 만족도 사이에는 유의한 관계가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 5개의 서로 다른 모델에서 5개의 기관을 표준으로 사용한 후, 기관 중 하나인 공공사업이 기반으로 사용된 모델에서만 응답 시간과 전체적 만족도 사이에 부정적으로 유의한 관계를 보였다. 또한 공공사업을 기반으로 사용하는 동안 응답 시간과 전체적 만족도 사이에는 긍정적으로 유의미한 관계가 보건 및 경찰 기관에서 발견되었다. 그러나, 이러한 긍정적인 관계는 서비스의 이론과 논리적 사고에 위배된다.Abstract 3 Chapter 1. Introduction 9 1.1 The Dominican Republic 9 1.2 Background. Understanding the 9-1-1 National Emergency System: 10 1.2.1 History 10 1.2.2 Response time ranks 14 1.2.3 Operational Processes Details 15 1.3 Purpose of study and research question. 16 Chapter 2. Theoretical Background and literature review 18 2.1 Theoretical background 18 2.1.1- 9-1-1 Systems Concepts 18 2.1.2 Satisfaction concepts 19 2.1.3 Response Time 20 2.1.4 Global Satisfaction and response time as Subjective and objective measures of performance: 21 2.2.2 Literature review 23 2.2.1- Relationship between objective and subjective measures of performance. 23 2.2.2 Previous Studies on Satisfaction and response time. 25 Chapter 3. Research Design 27 3.1- Analytical Framework: 27 3.2- Research Methodology 28 3.3- Variable measurement: 28 3.3.1- Dependent Variable: 28 - Call taker performance 28 - Response unit/Agency performance 29 3.3.2- Independent Variable: 30 3.3.3- Moderator variable 31 3.4 Data structure and analytical techniques 31 Chapter 4. Results and analysis 32 4.1. Descriptive analysis 32 4.1.1 Type of cases statistics: 32 4.1.2 Dependent, in dependent and moderating variable descriptive statistics 34 4.2. Hypothesis tests 35 4.2.2 Multiple Regression Results 36 4.3 Understanding Global Satisfaction 38 4.4 Discussion 41 Chapter 5. Conclusions 46 5.1 Conclusions 46 5.2 Recommendations 47 5.3 Limitations of the study 50 5.4 Implications of the study 51 5.4.1. Theoretical Implication of Study 51 Bibliography 52 Appendix 57 1-9-1-1 Survey questions 57석

A Simplified Method for Performance Evaluation of Public Transit Under Reneging Behavior of Passengers

This paper develops a model based on the Markov Chain technique to evaluate performance of a public transport route. The model addresses a special situation where a passenger left behind by a bus leaves the system without any further waiting to make an alternative travel arrangement. Such reneging behavior is indicative of an infinite penalty associated with further waiting from a passenger viewpoint. Apart from the theoretical derivations for the various attributes of interest, numerical examples to analyze the system performance (such as expected number of passengers served, expected number of abandoned passengers, and expected amount of unused space on the transit system) are presented. This provides insights for optimum selection of fleet size and size of vehicle

Predictive policing management: a brief history of patrol automation

Predictive policing has attracted considerably scholarly attention. Extending the promise of being able to interdict crime prior to its commission, it seemingly promised forms of anticipatory policing that had previously existed only in the realms of science fiction. The aesthetic futurism that attended predictive policing did, however, obscure the important historical vectors from which it emerged. The adulation of technology as a tool for achieving efficiencies in policing was evident from the 1920s in the United States, reaching sustained momentum in the 1960s as the methods of Systems Analysis were applied to policing. Underpinning these efforts resided an imaginary of automated patrol facilitated by computerised command and control systems. The desire to automate police work has extended into the present, and is evident in an emergent platform policing – cloud-based technological architectures that increasingly enfold police work. Policing is consequently datafied, commodified and integrated into the circuits of contemporary digital capitalism

Migrating towards Using Electric Vehicles in Fleets – Proposed Methods for Demand Estimation and Fleet Design

Carsharing and electric vehicles have emerged as sustainable transportation alternatives to mitigate transportation, environmental, and social issues in cities. This dissertation combines three correlated topics: carsharing feasibility, electric vehicle carsharing fleet optimization, and efficient fleet management. First, the potential demand for electric vehicle carsharing in Beijing is estimated using data from a survey conducted the summer of 2013 in Beijing. This utilizes statistical analysis method, binary logit regression. Secondly, a model was developed to estimate carsharing mode split by the function of utilization and appropriate carsharing fleet size was simulated under three different fleet types: an EV fleet with level 2 chargers, an EV fleet with level 3 chargers, and a gasoline vehicle fleet. This study also performs an economic analysis to determine the payback period for recovering the initial EV charging infrastructure costs. Finally, this study develops a fleet size and composition optimization model with cost constraints for the University of Tennessee, Knoxville motor pool fleet. This will help the fleet manage efficiently with minimum total costs and greater demand satisfaction. This dissertation can help guide future sustainable transportation planning and policy

Exploring Data Driven Models of Transit Travel Time and Delay

Transit travel time and operating speed influence service attractiveness, operating cost, system efficiency and sustainability. The Tri-County Metropolitan Transportation District of Oregon (TriMet) provides public transportation service in the tri-county Portland metropolitan area. TriMet was one of the first transit agencies to implement a Bus Dispatch System (BDS) as a part of its overall service control and management system. TriMet has had the foresight to fully archive the BDS automatic vehicle location and automatic passenger count data for all bus trips at the stop level since 1997. More recently, the BDS system was upgraded to provide stop-level data plus 5-second resolution bus positions between stops. Rather than relying on prediction tools to determine bus trajectories (including stops and delays) between stops, the higher resolution data presents actual bus positions along each trip. Bus travel speeds and intersection signal/queuing delays may be determined using this newer information. This thesis examines the potential applications of higher resolution transit operations data for a bus route in Portland, Oregon, TriMet Route 14. BDS and 5-second resolution data from all trips during the month of October 2014 are used to determine the impacts and evaluate candidate trip time models. Comparisons are drawn between models and some conclusions are drawn regarding the utility of the higher resolution transit data. In previous research inter-stop models were developed based on the use of average or maximum speed between stops. We know that this does not represent realistic conditions of stopping at a signal/crosswalk or traffic congestion along the link. A new inter-stop trip time model is developed using the 5-second resolution data to determine the number of signals encountered by the bus along the route. The variability in inter-stop time is likely due to the effect of the delay superimposed by signals encountered. This newly developed model resulted in statistically significant results. This type of information is important to transit agencies looking to improve bus running times and reliability. These results, the benefits of archiving higher resolution data to understand bus movement between stops, and future research opportunities are also discussed