68 research outputs found
Uplink Analysis of Large MU-MIMO Systems With Space-Constrained Arrays in Ricean Fading
Closed-form approximations to the expected per-terminal
signal-to-interference-plus-noise-ratio (SINR) and ergodic sum spectral
efficiency of a large multiuser multiple-input multiple-output system are
presented. Our analysis assumes correlated Ricean fading with maximum ratio
combining on the uplink, where the base station (BS) is equipped with a uniform
linear array (ULA) with physical size restrictions. Unlike previous studies,
our model caters for the presence of unequal correlation matrices and unequal
Rice factors for each terminal. As the number of BS antennas grows without
bound, with a finite number of terminals, we derive the limiting expected
per-terminal SINR and ergodic sum spectral efficiency of the system. Our
findings suggest that with restrictions on the size of the ULA, the expected
SINR saturates with increasing operating signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) and BS
antennas. Whilst unequal correlation matrices result in higher performance, the
presence of strong line-of-sight (LoS) has an opposite effect. Our analysis
accommodates changes in system dimensions, SNR, LoS levels, spatial correlation
levels and variations in fixed physical spacings of the BS array.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in the proceedings of
IEEE ICC, to be held in Paris, France, May 201
Impact of Line-of-Sight and Unequal Spatial Correlation on Uplink MU-MIMO Systems
Closed-form approximations of the expected per-terminal
signal-to-interference-plus-noise-ratio (SINR) and ergodic sum spectral
efficiency of a multiuser multiple-input multiple-output system are presented.
Our analysis assumes spatially correlated Ricean fading channels with
maximum-ratio combining on the uplink. Unlike previous studies, our model
accounts for the presence of unequal correlation matrices, unequal Rice
factors, as well as unequal link gains to each terminal. The derived
approximations lend themselves to useful insights, special cases and
demonstrate the aggregate impact of line-of-sight (LoS) and unequal correlation
matrices. Numerical results show that while unequal correlation matrices
enhance the expected SINR and ergodic sum spectral efficiency, the presence of
strong LoS has an opposite effect. Our approximations are general and remain
insensitive to changes in the system dimensions, signal-to-noise-ratios, LoS
levels and unequal correlation levels.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in the IEEE Wireless
Communications Letters, Vol. 6, 201
Power Scaling of Uplink Massive MIMO Systems with Arbitrary-Rank Channel Means
This paper investigates the uplink achievable rates of massive multiple-input
multiple-output (MIMO) antenna systems in Ricean fading channels, using
maximal-ratio combining (MRC) and zero-forcing (ZF) receivers, assuming perfect
and imperfect channel state information (CSI). In contrast to previous relevant
works, the fast fading MIMO channel matrix is assumed to have an arbitrary-rank
deterministic component as well as a Rayleigh-distributed random component. We
derive tractable expressions for the achievable uplink rate in the
large-antenna limit, along with approximating results that hold for any finite
number of antennas. Based on these analytical results, we obtain the scaling
law that the users' transmit power should satisfy, while maintaining a
desirable quality of service. In particular, it is found that regardless of the
Ricean -factor, in the case of perfect CSI, the approximations converge to
the same constant value as the exact results, as the number of base station
antennas, , grows large, while the transmit power of each user can be scaled
down proportionally to . If CSI is estimated with uncertainty, the same
result holds true but only when the Ricean -factor is non-zero. Otherwise,
if the channel experiences Rayleigh fading, we can only cut the transmit power
of each user proportionally to . In addition, we show that with an
increasing Ricean -factor, the uplink rates will converge to fixed values
for both MRC and ZF receivers
Does Massive MIMO Fail in Ricean Channels?
Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) is now making its way to the
standardization exercise of future 5G networks. Yet, there are still
fundamental questions pertaining to the robustness of massive MIMO against
physically detrimental propagation conditions. On these grounds, we identify
scenarios under which massive MIMO can potentially fail in Ricean channels, and
characterize them physically, as well as, mathematically. Our analysis extends
and generalizes a stream of recent papers on this topic and articulates
emphatically that such harmful scenarios in Ricean fading conditions are
unlikely and can be compensated using any standard scheduling scheme. This
implies that massive MIMO is intrinsically effective at combating interuser
interference and, if needed, can avail of the base-station scheduler for
further robustness.Comment: IEEE Wireless Communications Letters, accepte
Analysis and Design of Cell-Free Massive MIMO Systems under Spatially Correlated Fading Channels
Mención Internacional en el título de doctorWireless communications have become a key pillar in our modern society. It can be hard to
think of a service that somehow does not rely on them. Particularly, mobile networks are one of
the most necessary technologies in our daily life. This produces that the demand for data rates
is by no means stopping from increasing. The cellular architecture is facing a crucial challenge
under limited performance by interference and spectrum saturation. This involves cell-edge
users experiencing poor performance due to the close vicinity of base stations (BSs) using
the same carrier frequency. Based on a combination of the coordinated multi-point (CoMP)
technique and traditional massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, cell-free
(CF) massive MIMO networks have irrupted as a solution for avoiding inter-cell interference
issues and for providing uniform service in large coverage areas. This thesis focuses on the
analysis and design of CF massive MIMO networks assuming a spatially correlated fading
model. A general-purpose channel model is provided and the whole network functioning is
given in detail.
Despite the many characteristics a CF massive MIMO system shares with conventional colocated
massive MIMO its distributed nature brings along new issues that need to be carefully
accounted for. In particular, the so-called channel hardening effect that postulates that the variance
of the compound wireless channel experienced by a given user from a large number of
transmit antennas tends to vanish, effectively making the channel deterministic. This critical
assumption, which permeates most theoretical results of massive MIMO, has been well investigated
and validated in centralized architectures, however, it has received little attention in the
context of CF massive MIMO networks. Hardening in CF architectures is potentially compromised
by the different large-scale gains each access point (AP) impinges on the transmitted
signal to each user, a condition that is further stressed when not all APs transmit to all users as
proposed in the user-centric (UC) variations of CF massive MIMO. In this document, the presence
of channel hardening in this new architecture scheme is addressed using distributed and
cooperative precoders and combiners and different power control strategies. It is shown that
the line-of-sight (LOS) component, spatially correlated antennas, and clustering schemes have
an impact on how the channel hardens. In addition, we examine the existent gap between the
estimated achievable rate and the true network performance when channel hardening is compromised. Exact closed-form expressions for both a hardening metric and achievable downlink
(DL) and uplink (UL) rates are given as well.
We also look into the pilot contamination problem in the UL and DL with different degrees
of cooperation between the APs. The optimum minimum mean-squared error (MMSE) processing
can take advantage of large-scale fading coefficients for canceling the interference of
pilot-sharing users and thus achieves asymptotically unbounded capacity. However, it is computationally
demanding and can only be implemented in a fully centralized network. Here,
sub-optimal schemes are derived that provide unbounded capacity with much lower complexity
and using only local channel estimates but global channel statistics. This makes them suited for
both centralized and distributed networks. In this latter case, the best performance is achieved
with a generalized maximum ratio combiner that maximizes a capacity bound based on channel
statistics only.Programa de Doctorado en Multimedia y Comunicaciones por la Universidad Carlos III de Madrid y la Universidad Rey Juan CarlosPresidente: Rui Dinis.- Secretario: María Julia Fernández-Getino García.- Vocal: Carmen Botella Mascarel
Multiple Access in Aerial Networks: From Orthogonal and Non-Orthogonal to Rate-Splitting
Recently, interest on the utilization of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has
aroused. Specifically, UAVs can be used in cellular networks as aerial users
for delivery, surveillance, rescue search, or as an aerial base station (aBS)
for communication with ground users in remote uncovered areas or in dense
environments requiring prompt high capacity. Aiming to satisfy the high
requirements of wireless aerial networks, several multiple access techniques
have been investigated. In particular, space-division multiple access(SDMA) and
power-domain non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) present promising
multiplexing gains for aerial downlink and uplink. Nevertheless, these gains
are limited as they depend on the conditions of the environment. Hence, a
generalized scheme has been recently proposed, called rate-splitting multiple
access (RSMA), which is capable of achieving better spectral efficiency gains
compared to SDMA and NOMA. In this paper, we present a comprehensive survey of
key multiple access technologies adopted for aerial networks, where aBSs are
deployed to serve ground users. Since there have been only sporadic results
reported on the use of RSMA in aerial systems, we aim to extend the discussion
on this topic by modelling and analyzing the weighted sum-rate performance of a
two-user downlink network served by an RSMA-based aBS. Finally, related open
issues and future research directions are exposed.Comment: 16 pages, 6 figures, submitted to IEEE Journa
Resource allocation for transmit hybrid beamforming in decoupled millimeter wave multiuser-MIMO downlink
This paper presents a study on joint radio resource allocation and hybrid precoding in multicarrier massive multiple-input multiple-output communications for 5G cellular networks. In this paper, we present the resource allocation algorithm to maximize the proportional fairness (PF) spectral efficiency under the per subchannel power and the beamforming rank constraints. Two heuristic algorithms are designed. The proportional fairness hybrid beamforming algorithm provides the transmit precoder with a proportional fair spectral efficiency among users for the desired number of radio-frequency (RF) chains. Then, we transform the number of RF chains or rank constrained optimization problem into convex semidefinite programming (SDP) problem, which can be solved by standard techniques. Inspired by the formulated convex SDP problem, a low-complexity, two-step, PF-relaxed optimization algorithm has been provided for the formulated convex optimization problem. Simulation results show that the proposed suboptimal solution to the relaxed optimization problem is near-optimal for the signal-to-noise ratio SNR <= 10 dB and has a performance gap not greater than 2.33 b/s/Hz within the SNR range 0-25 dB. It also outperforms the maximum throughput and PF-based hybrid beamforming schemes for sum spectral efficiency, individual spectral efficiency, and fairness index
- …