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    НСлинСйно-динамичСский ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ Π² Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π΅ Π½Π΅ΡΡ‚Π°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ² мСмристора

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    A general set of ideas related to the memristors modeling is presented. The memristor is considered to be a partially ordered physical and chemical system that is within the β€œedge of chaosβ€œ from the point of view of nonlinear dynamics. The logical and historical relationship of memristor physics, nonlinear dynamics, and neuromorphic systems is illustrated in the form of a scheme. We distinguish the nonlinearity into external ones, when we describe the behavior of an electrical circuit containing a memristor, and internal ones, which are caused by processes in filament region. As a simulation model, the attention is drawn to the connectionist approach, known in the theory of neural networks, but applicable to describe the evolution of the filament as the dynamics of a network of traps connected electrically and quantum-mechanically. The state of each trap is discrete, and it is called an β€œoscillatorβ€œ. The applied meaning of the theory of coupled maps lattice is indicated. The high-density current through the filament can lead to the need to take into account both discrete processes (generation of traps) and continuous processes (inclusion of some constructions of solid body theory into the model).However, a compact model is further developed in which the state of such a network is aggregated to three phase variables: the length of the filament, its total charge, and the local temperature. Despite the apparent physical meaning, all variables have a formal character, which is usually inherent in the parameters of compact models. The model consists of one algebraic equation, two differential equations, and one integral connection equation, and is derived from the simplest Strukov’s model. Therefore, it uses the β€œwindow function” approach. It is indicated that, according to the Poincareβ€”Bendixon theorem, this is sufficient to explain the instability of four key parameters (switching voltages and resistances ON/OFF) at a cycling of memristor. The Fourier spectra of the time series of these parameters are analyzed on a low sample of experimental data. The data are associated with the TiN/HfOx/Pt structure (0 < x < 2). A preliminary conclusion that requires further verification is the predominance of low frequencies and the stochasticity of occurrence ones.ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡΡ‚Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰ΠΈΠΉ комплСкс ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΉ, связанных с ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ мСмристоров. ΠœΠ΅ΠΌΡ€ΠΈΡΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ рассматриваСтся ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ частично упорядочСнная Ρ„ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-химичСская систСма, находящаяся, согласно Π½Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ, Π² ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Ρ… «края хаоса». Π›ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-историчСская взаимосвязь Ρ„ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠΈ мСмристоров, Π½Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ€Ρ„Π½Ρ‹Ρ… систСм ΠΈΠ»Π»ΡŽΡΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚ΡΡ Π² Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ схСмы. ΠΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ€Π°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π° Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π½Π° внСшнюю, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° описываСтся ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ элСктричСской Ρ†Π΅ΠΏΠΈ, содСрТащСй мСмристор, ΠΈ Π²Π½ΡƒΡ‚Ρ€Π΅Π½Π½ΡŽΡŽ, ΠΎΠ±ΡƒΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡƒΡŽ процСссами Π² объСмС Ρ„ΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°. Π’ Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ… ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡ‚Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ модСлирования обращаСтся Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° коннСкционистский ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄, извСстный Π² Ρ‚Π΅ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡ€ΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… сСтСй, Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΌΡ‹ΠΉ для описания ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡŽΡ†ΠΈΠΈ Ρ„ΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π° ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ сСти Π»ΠΎΠ²ΡƒΡˆΠ΅ΠΊ, связанных элСктричСски ΠΈ ΠΊΠ²Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ²ΠΎ-мСханичСски. БостояниС ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΎΠ²ΡƒΡˆΠΊΠΈ дискрСтно, Π° сама ΠΎΠ½Π° называСтся «осциллятор». УказываСтся Π½Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΈ Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊ связанных осцилляторов. ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π· Ρ„ΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊΠ° большой плотности ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΊ нСобходимости ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Ρ‚Π° ΠΈ дискрСтных процСссов (гСнСрация Π»ΠΎΠ²ΡƒΡˆΠ΅ΠΊ), ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡ€Π΅Ρ€Ρ‹Π²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… процСссов (Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² модСль элСмСнтов Π·ΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΈ Ρ‚Π²Π΅Ρ€Π΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π°).Однако Π΄Π°Π»Π΅Π΅ развиваСтся компактная модСль, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΉ состояниС Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ сСти Π°Π³Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎ Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Ρ… Ρ„Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ…: Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Π° Ρ„ΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°, Π΅Π³ΠΎ суммарный заряд ΠΈ локальная Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π°. НСсмотря Π½Π° каТущийся физичСский смысл, всС ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡŽΡ‚ Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€, присущий ΠΎΠ±Ρ‹Ρ‡Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°ΠΊΡ‚Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ. МодСль состоит ΠΈΠ· ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ алгСбраичСского уравнСния, Π΄Π²ΡƒΡ… Π΄ΠΈΡ„Ρ„Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ уравнСния ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π³Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ связи ΠΈ наслСдована ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡΡ‚Π΅ΠΉΡˆΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ Π‘Ρ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°. ΠŸΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΎΠΌΡƒ Π² Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΠ½Π°. УказываСтся, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ, согласно Ρ‚Π΅ΠΎΡ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅ ΠŸΡƒΠ°Π½ΠΊΠ°Ρ€Π΅β€”Π‘Π΅Π½Π΄ΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ½Π°, этого достаточно для объяснСния Π½Π΅ΡΡ‚Π°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ Ρ‡Π΅Ρ‚Ρ‹Ρ€Π΅Ρ… ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π²Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ² (напряТСний ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ сопротивлСний) ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ мСмристора. На нСбольшой Π²Ρ‹Π±ΠΎΡ€ΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ‹ Π€ΡƒΡ€ΡŒΠ΅-спСктры Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ряда этих ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ². Π”Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ относятся ΠΊ структурС TiN/HfOx/Pt (0 < x < 2). ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄Π²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ Π²Ρ‹Π²ΠΎΠ΄, Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Π±ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΉ дальнСйшСй ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠΈ, Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ Π² ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈΡ… частот ΠΈ стохастичности появлСния частот

    Unstable Limit Cycles and Singular Attractors in a Two-Dimensional Memristor-Based Dynamic System

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    This paper reports the finding of unstable limit cycles and singular attractors in a two-dimensional dynamical system consisting of an inductor and a bistable bi-local active memristor. Inspired by the idea of nested intervals theorem, a new programmable scheme for finding unstable limit cycles is proposed, and its feasibility is verified by numerical simulations. The unstable limit cycles and their evolution laws in the memristor-based dynamic system are found from two subcritical Hopf bifurcation domains, which are subdomains of twin local activity domains of the memristor. Coexisting singular attractors are discovered in the twin local activity domains, apart from the two corresponding subcritical Hopf bifurcation domains. Of particular interest is the coexistence of a singular attractor and a period-2 or period-3 attractor, observed in numerical simulations
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