Unitarity triangle test of the extra factor of two in particle oscillation phases

There are claims in the literature that in neutrino oscillations and oscillations of neutral kaons and B-mesons the oscillation phase differs from the standard one by a factor of two. We reconsider the arguments leading to this extra factor and investigate, in particular, the non-relativistic regime. We actually find that the very same arguments lead to an ambiguous phase and that the extra factor of two is a special case. We demonstrate that the unitarity triangle (UT) fit in the Standard Model with three families is a suitable means to discriminate between the standard oscillation phase and the phase with an extra factor of two. If $K_L - K_S$ and $B_{dH} - B_{dL}$ mass differences are extracted from the $K^0 - \bar K^0$ and $B_d^0 - \bar B_d^0$ data, respectively, with the extra factor of two in the oscillation phases, then the UT fit becomes significantly worse in comparison with the standard fit and the extra factor of two is disfavoured by the existing data at the level of more than 3 $\sigma$.Comment: 16 pages, 2 figure

Density anomaly in a competing interactions lattice gas model

We study a very simple model of a short-range attraction and an outer shell repulsion as a test system for demixing phase transition and density anomaly. The phase-diagram is obtained by applying mean field analysis and Monte Carlo simulations to a two dimensional lattice gas with nearest-neighbors attraction and next-nearest-neighbors repulsion (the outer shell). Two liquid phases and density anomaly are found. The coexistence line between these two liquid phases meets a critical line between the fluid and the low density liquid at a tricritical point. The line of maximum density emerges in the vicinity of the tricritical point, close to the demixing transition

Analysis of structural dynamic data from Skylab. Volume 2: Skylab analytical and test model data

The orbital configuration test modal data, analytical test correlation modal data, and analytical flight configuration modal data are presented. Tables showing the generalized mass contributions (GMCs) for each of the thirty tests modes are given along with the two dimensional mode shape plots and tables of GMCs for the test correlated analytical modes. The two dimensional mode shape plots for the analytical modes and uncoupled and coupled modes of the orbital flight configuration at three development phases of the model are included

Nonleptonic charmless B decays: factorization vs perturbative QCD

We compare the factorization approach, the perturbative QCD approach and the Beneke-Buchalla-Neubert-Sachrajda approach to nonleptonic charmless $B$ meson decays. We discuss their treatments of factorizable, nonfactorizable, and annihilation contributions, infrared-cutoff and scale dependences, and strong phases. It is proposed that measurement of CP asymmetries in two-body $B$ meson decays provides an appropriate test of the these approaches.Comment: 18 pages, revtex, aps.style, 5 figure