TURFs and ITQs: Collective vs. Individual Decision Making

While most of the attention in the scientific and policy literature on rights-based institutions has been devoted to Individual Transferable Quotas (ITQs), there are alternatives that involve different configurations of use rights. One such alternative is a space-based option commonly referred to as Territorial Use Rights Fisheries (TURFs). TURFs have been utilized in island fisheries off Southeast Asia for decades, and they have been well studied, particularly by anthropologists and sociologists. This paper discusses case studies of TURF organizations in Japan and Chile from an economics perspective. We discuss the historical origins of each system, outline the legal and institutional structures of the systems, and then discuss how each system manages nearshore coastal resources. We discuss similarities and differences across the many specific collective management structures adopted by Japanese and Chilean TURF organizations. We then discuss how outcomes differ from what might emerge under ITQs.Collective management, resource management, rights-based fishery management, TURFs, Environmental Economics and Policy, International Relations/Trade, Q22,

Catch Shares in Action: Samoan Safata District Customary User Rights Program

The Samoan Customary User Rights System is an area-based catch share program that formalizes the customary fishing rights of native communities. Authorized by legislative reforms, fishing communities voluntarily establish and manage Territorial Use Rights for Fishing (TURFs) in traditional fishing areas. The program has been designed to meet the goals of sustainable resource use and empowering villages in fishery management. Key design features include the active participation of the Samoan government in guiding the creation and management of TURFs and the integration of traditional management practices to achieve sustainability. In Safata District, community members have established a district-wide TURF with a network of no-take reserves to increase biological performance and sustain local livelihoods into the future

Development of IPM Elements for Turf Grass: Lawn/Landscape, Sports and Sod Production

Turf grass is one of the few New York crops without an IPM management protocol (IPM Element).  This project corrects the deficiency and creates Element protocols for sod production (13 farms), sports turf (recreational, public and private school and higher education) and lawnscape (professionally managed residential and commercial lawns with implications for owner use of this element)

Priorities for sustainable turfgrass management: a research and industry perspective

This paper provides a brief review and assessment of the key environmental, regulatory and technical issues facing the turfgrass sector with specific reference to the European context. It considers the range of externalities or ‘drivers for change' facing the industry, and the challenges and opportunities available for promoting and achieving more sustainable turfgrass management within the sports, landscape and amenity sectors. The analysis confirms that there are a number of key areas where a concerted research and industrial effort is required. These include responding to the pressures from government demands for greater environmental regulation, the increasing pressure on natural resources (notably water, energy and land), the emerging role of turf management in supporting ecosystem services and enhancing biodiversity, the continued need to promote integrated pest management, and the looming challenges posed by a changing climate, and urgent need to adapt. Whilst many of these externalities appear to be risks to the sports turf industry, there will also be significant opportunities, for those where the labour, energy and agronomic costs are minimized and where the drive to adopt a multifunctional approach to sportsturf management is embraced

Run management for organic layers

Layer runs are often bare and loaded with nutrients and with infectious stages of helminths. Various management strategies are recommended in order to better distribute the hens in the run, thereby preventing local accumulation of droppings and related problems. However, little is known about the impact of those strategies. A series of on farm experiments has been performed in order to test the effects of flock size and of artificial structures on the dispersal of the hens in the run. Further studies evaluated the effects of mowing and run size as well as rotational use of runs on turf quality, nutrient load in the soil and on the infection of the hens with internal parasites. As a summary, introducing structures or applying a rotational management scheme improves run use and facilitates mowing, thus improving turf quality in the run in front of the henhouse. However, the expected reduction of helminth infections and nutrient accumulation has not been observed

Long-term Evaluation and Improvement of Golf Turf Management Systems with Reduced Chemical Pesticide Inputs: Preliminary Report

2006 was the sixth year of a study assessing the feasibility and performance of golf course putting green turf comparing traditional management techniques with an IPM approach utilizing population-based pest management and to a system that utilizes biologically-based controls and reduced risk chemistry

Catch Shares in Action: Mexican Vigía Chico Cooperative Spiny Lobster Territorial Use Rights for Fishing Program

The Mexican Pescadores de Vigía Chico Cooperative is a group-allocated, area-based catch share that manages the Punta Allen spiny lobster fishery. The catch share, or Territorial Use Rights for Fishing (TURF) program, includes a number of special design features to achieve goals set by the Mexican government and the Cooperative, including sustainable harvests and Cooperative self-sufficiency and self-governance. Important design features include a secure tenure length of 20 years with a strong assumption of renewal, clearly defined co-management responsibilities between the federal government and the Cooperative and the use of individual fishing zones developed by the Cooperative to maintain member accountability (Solares-Leal and Alvarez-Gil, 2003)

Managing the Regulatory State: The Experience of the Bush Administration

This Article traces the history of Presidential management of the regulatory state up to the administration of President George W. Bush. It focuses on the latter\u27s implementation of smarter regulation, an approach to regulation based on unfunded mandates on the private sector implemented through the Office of Management and Budget, an organization within the Executive Office of the President. It finds cost-benefit analysis an essential, yet often neglected, tool for implementing efficient and effective regulations. It concludes the policies promoted under President Bush\u27s OMB have effectively cut costs by streamlining the rule-making process and discouraging adopting new federal rules, but cautions there is still a sea of overlapping regulations and conflict over turf among agencies causing the administrative state to steadily rise in cost

Watering Lawns

Optimizing soil pH and nutrient levels are the primary objectives of soil management for turf areas. The various inorganic and organic nitrogen sources are described

Catch Shares in Action: Spanish Galicia Goose Barnacle Cofradía System

The Spanish Galicia Goose Barnacle Cofradía System was implemented to manage the highly lucrative goose barnacle fishery. Program goals were focused on reducing overfishing and restoring profitability. The program codified traditional fishing guilds, known as cofradías , as co-managers by granting them secure and exclusive privileges to harvest goose barnacles within clearly defined fishing areas and requiring them to responsibly manage the resource. A key program innovation is the use of on-site fisheries ecologists to conduct scientific monitoring, set appropriate mortality controls and adaptively manage mortality controls within season to ensure sustainable goose barnacle populations