Uji Kesesuaian Empat Isolat Trichoderma Spp. Dan Daya Hambat in Vitro Terhadap Beberapa Patogen Tanaman

Compatibility test of four Trichoderma spp. Isolates and in vitro inhibition ability on several plant pathogens. In vitro descriptive compatibility research was carried out to know the compatibility among Trichoderma spp. isolates and their inhibition ability toward several plant pathogens. Four Trichoderma spp. isolates used were ginger, shallot, banana, and pineapple isolates; while the pathogens used were pathogenic fungi (Fusarium, Colletotrichum, Phytophthora, and Sclerotium), bacteria (Ralstonia), and nematode (Meloidogyne dan Globodera). Observation was done toward inhibition zone between Trichoderma spp. isolates, colony radial growth, mycelial dry weight, and nematode mortality. Result of the research indicated that the four Trichoderma spp. isolates were compatible and no growth inhibition was observed. The inhibition ability of all Trichoderma spp. isolates varied and the ginger isolate had the highest inhibition ability and mortality on all fungal species and the nematodes, while on the pathogenic bacteria there was no inhibition

Waktu Potensial Aplikasi Mikoriza Dan Trichoderma Spp. Untuk Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan Semai Acacia Mangium

Acacia mangium is a comodity of plantation industry that has been developed. To get a good quality of Acacia mangium must use proper cultivation techniques. Mycorrhizae and Trichoderma spp. can improve seedling growth and suppresses pathogenic soil, but need to know the potential time to apply. This research aim to know the potential application of mycorrhizal time and Trichoderma spp. to increase seedling growth. This research used a completely randomized design (CRD), which consists of 4 treatments, 5 replications and each replication consisted of 10 seedlings. The treatments used were T1 = Trichoderma spp. the S-3 and mycorrhiza on S-1, T2 = Trichoderma spp. the S-1 and S-3 mycorrhiza on, T3 = Trichoderma spp. and mycorrhiza on the S-3, T4 = Trichoderma spp. and mycorrhiza on the S-1, where S = the seedlings were transferred to polybags. Responses were measured to observe the effect of the lived seedlings, height of seedling, diameter of seedlings, plant dry weight and the ratio of the crown / root. The results of this research shows that the application of Trichoderma spp. in three days before weaning and mycorrhiza in one day before weaning tend to show better results in the growth of Acacia mangium seedlings

Affectivity of Application TIME of Fungi Trichoderma Spp in Controlling Withered Disease of Fusarium Oxysporum to Red Chili Plant in a Large Area.

 Research that untitled “Affectivity of application time of fungi Trichoderma SPP in controlling withered disease of Fusarium Oxysporum to red Chili plant in a large area“ The result of the research shows that treatment of fungi Trichoderma SPP application to Chili plant when breeding produce height of plant and highest amount of leaf that are 103,25 cm and 209,00 sheets which actually higher 26,45% and 21,89% are compared with control (without application), and also actually higher in a row 11,14%; 14,15%; 10,80%; and 6,49%; 11,98%; 13,11% if compared with time of application fungi Trichoderma SPP in 1, 2, and 3 weeks before planting.The biggest safety of cultivation fruit weight per plot and percentages of cultivation result is held in treatment of fungi Trichoderma SPP application when breeding that reaches 8,080kg and 45,69% but treatment of fungi Trichoderma SPP application in 1, 2, and 3 weeks before planting reaches 5,971 kg; 7,240kg; 6,073 kg and 7,66%; 30,54%, and 9,51%. Fungi Trichoderma SPP application when breeding produces the higher affectivity in controlling withered disease of Fusarium Oxysporum to red Chili plant with lowest attack intensity that is 10,71% but fungi Trichoderma SPP application in 1, 2, and 3 weeks before planting produces attack intensity in a row 25,00%; 14,28%; and 27,38%

Pengaruh Berbagai Dosis Cendawan Antagonis Trichoderma Spp.untuk Mengendalikan Penyakit Layufusarium Oxysporum Pada Tanaman Tomat

One of the diseases that exist and are very detrimental to farmers wilt disease caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum on tomato plants, where the disease is an important disease and including major diseases on tomato plants. The level of pathogenic attack caused substantial losses to farmers. The aim of research to determine the effect of the fungus Trichoderma spp. in suppressing the development of Fusarium wilt disease in relation to the optimal plant growth and yield of tomato. This study aims to determine the effect of the fungus Trichoderma spp. in suppressing the development of Fusarium oxysporum disease in relation to growth and optimal results on tomato plants. This study was conducted in September 2014 until the month of February 2015, at the Laboratory of Plant Pests and Diseases and Greenhouse, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tadulako. Research using completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 5 treatments, T1 = control (without application), T2 = treated Trichoderma spp. as much as 20 g / polybag, T3 = treatment of Trichoderma spp. as much as 30 g / polybag, T4 = treated Trichoderma spp. as much as 40 g / polybag and T5 = treated Trichoderma spp. as much as 50 g / polybag. Each treatment was repeated five times so that there are 25 experimental units. The results showed the introduction of the fungus Trichoderma spp. In polybag can suppress Fusarium oxysporum disease progression and sustain growth (plant height) as well as the results (number and weight of fruit) tomato plants

Potensi Trichoderma Spp. dalam Menekan Perkembangan Penyakit Busuk Pucuk Vanili di Pembibitan

Penyakit busuk pucuk vanili (BPV) yang disebabkan oleh Phytophthora capsici merupakan kendala pada pembibitan dan pertanaman vanili. Pengendalian penyakit umumnya menggunakan fungisida sintetik yang harganya mahal dan menyebabkan pencemaran lingkungan. Pengendalian penyakit dengan agens hayati sudah dikembangkan dan berhasil mengatasi penyakit busuk pangkal batang pada tanaman vanili. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan isolat Trichoderma dari tanah, rizosfer dan jaringan tanaman vanili sebagai agens hayati terhadap P. capsici secara in vitro dan in vivo (pembibitan). Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Mikologi Departemen Proteksi Tanaman IPB, Laboratorium Penyakit Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat di Bogor, dan Rumah Kaca Balai Penelitian Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar di Sukabumi. Trichoderma spp. diisolasi dari risosfir dan jaringan tanaman vanili dari Serang, Sukabumi, dan Batu. Pengujian antagonisme in vitro dilakukan pada 17 isolat Trichoderma spp. menggunakan metode dual culture dan metode kertas cakram, sedangkan pengujian in vivo dilakukan pada 6 isolat Trichoderma spp. menggunakan media jagung dan metode penyemprotan suspensi konidia agens hayati. Peubah yang diamati adalah kejadian dan tingkat keparahan penyakit busuk pucuk pada vanili. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan 3 ulangan. Hasil penelitian diperoleh 114 isolat jamur; 97 dari rizosfir, 11 dari tajuk dan 6 dari akar (endofit). Hasil pengujian patogenisitas menunjukkan bahwa 63 isolat bersifat patogenik pada tanaman vanili (umumnya genus Fusarium) dan 51 isolat tidak patogenik (umumnya Trichoderma). Daya hambat in vitro isolat Trichoderma spp. terhadap P. capsici berkisar antara 44,5-73,5%, sedangkan dengan metode cakram daya hambatnya 6,3-75%. Keefektifan 6 isolat Trichoderma spp. menekan perkembangan penyakit busuk pucuk pada bibit vanili berkisar antara 66,67-68,00%. Hasil penelitian mengindikasikan bahwa ada beberapa isolat Trichoderma spp yang berpotensi sebagai agens hayati untuk menekan perkembangan penyakit busuk pucuk vanili yang disebabkan oleh P. capsici. Potential of Trichoderma spp. To suppress development of the shoot rot disease of vanilla in nurseriesABTRACT Shoot rot disease of vanilla (BPV) is caused by Phytophthora capsici is a constraint on the seedling and planting vanilla. Disease control generally use synthetic fungicides are expensive and cause environmental pollution. Disease control with biological agents has been developed and successfully overcome the base of the stem rot disease in vanilla plants. This study aims to obtain isolates of Trichoderma from soil, rhizosphere and plant tissue vanilla as a biological agent against P. capsici in vitro and in vivo (seedling). Mycological Research conducted at the Laboratory of Plant Protection Department of IPB, Laboratory Center for Disease Spices and Medicinal Plants Research in Bogor, and Greenhouse Crops Research Institute for Industry and freshening in Sukabumi. Trichoderma spp. isolated from plant tissue, rizosphere and vanilla from Serang, Sukabumi, and Batu. Invitro antagonism test performed on 17 isolates of Trichoderma spp. using the dual culture method and the method of the paper disc, whereas in vivo tests carried out on six isolates of Trichoderma spp. using corn media and methods of spraying conidia suspensions of biological agents. Observed variable is the incidence and severity of shoot rot disease in vanilla. Research using randomized block design with three replications. The results obtained 114 isolates of the fungus; 97 of the rizosphere, 11 of the canopy and 6 of the root (Endophytic). The results of pathogenicity tests showed that 63 isolates are pathogenic on plants vanilla (generally Fusarium) and 51 isolates were not pathogenic (generally Trichoderma). The inhibition of in vitro isolates of Trichoderma spp. against P. capsici ranged from 44.5 to 73.5%, while the disc method hambatnya power from 6.3 to 75%. The effectiveness of six isolates of Trichoderma spp. suppress the development of bud rot disease in vanilla seeds ranged from 66.67 to 68.00%. The results indicate that some isolates of Trichoderma spp as potential biological agents to suppress the development of shoot rot disease of vanilla caused by P. capsici

Antagonistic capacities of Trichoderma species and their mass multiplication with agricultural wastes

El objetivo de esta investigación fue aislar y caracterizar cepas de Trichoderma nativas de Misiones (Argentina)explorando sus capacidades antagónicas y su multiplicación masiva utilizando diferentes residuos agroindustriales.Quince cepas nativas de Trichoderma spp. fueron aisladas de muestras de suelo. Estos aislamientos secaracterizaron mediante observaciones morfológicas y moleculares basados en secuencias de ADN de la regiónespaciadora transcrita interna del ADNr. Las cepas de Trichoderma spp. fueron identificadas como T. koningiopsis,T. harzianum, T. pleuroticola y T. brevicompactum. Estas cepas mostraron actividades antagónicas in vitro contraAlternaria sp., Fusarium sp. y Botrytis sp.. T. koningiopsis LBM 090, LBM 091, LBM 092 y LBM 098, T. pleuroticolaLBM 097 y T. harzianum LBM 096 presentaron una inhibición del crecimiento micelial mayor del 50% y un índicede antagonismo entre 3 y 4 contra los fitopatógenos ensayados. La cáscara de arroz y el pulido del arroz fueronlas combinaciones más adecuadas para la multiplicación de T. harzianum LBM 096.The aim of this research was to isolate and characterize Trichoderma native strains from Misiones (Argentina) exploring their antagonistic capacities to phytopatogens fungi and their mass multiplication using different agricultural wastes. Fifteen native strains of Trichoderma spp. were isolated from soil samples. These isolates were characterized via morphological observations and molecular phylogenetic analysis based on DNA sequences of the rDNA internal transcribed spacer region. The Trichoderma native strains were identified as T. koningiopsis, T. harzianum, T. pleuroticola and T. brevicompactum. All strains showed antagonistic activities in vitro against Alternaria sp., Fusarium sp. and Botrytis sp. T. koningiopsis LBM 090, LBM 091, LBM 092, and LBM 098 strains, T. pleuroticola LBM 097 and T. harzianum LBM 096 presented radial mycelial growth inhibition higher than 50% and antagonism index between 3 and 4 against the phytopathogens assayed. Among the different substrate sources evaluated, rice husk and rice polishing were the most suitable combination for mass multiplication of T. harzianum LBM 096.Fil: Sadañoski, Marcela Alejandra. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Químicas y Naturales. Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica. Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste; ArgentinaFil: Gutierrez Brower, Gimena. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Químicas y Naturales. Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica. Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Castrillo, María Lorena. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Químicas y Naturales. Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica. Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Lopez, Ana Clara. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Químicas y Naturales. Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica. Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Ojeda, Paola. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Químicas y Naturales. Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica. Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Zapata, Pedro Dario. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Químicas y Naturales. Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica. Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste; ArgentinaFil: Villalba, Laura Lidia. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Químicas y Naturales. Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica. Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Otegui, Monica Beatriz. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Químicas y Naturales. Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica. Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular; Argentin

Fungi in Danish soils under organic and conventional farming

A multi-soil study was conducted in Denmark including 29 sites, 8 classified as ‘Organic’, 11 as ‘Conventional with manure and synthetic fertilisers’ and 10 as ‘Conventional with synthetic fertilisers’. The variability of fungal abundance within the three farming systems and the long-term effects of different farming systems on fungal propagules in soil were evaluated. Fungal abundance showed large variations within all three farming systems and this variability reduced the possibility to obtain general conclusions on fungal composition in soils under different farming systems. This was illustrated by the results on total propagule numbers of filamentous fungi and yeasts. Penicillium spp. and Gliocladium roseum were more abundant under organic than conventional farming, while Trichoderma spp. were most abundant in conventionally farmed soils with synthetic fertilisers. These results were not altered after adjusting for possible differences in basic soil properties like total-C and N, extractable P, CEC, base saturation and soil density. The paper discusses whether the differences in fungal abundance are characteristics of a farming system itself or associated with certain management factors being more prevalent in one farming system than the other

Biological control of Fusarium graminearum : use of Trichoderma spp. and biofumigation with aerial part of Brassica juncea

Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron: determinar la factibilidad de la utilización combinada de dos métodos de control biológico: la aplicación del hongo antagonista Trichoderma spp. y la biofumigación con la parte aérea de Brassica juncea en el estadio de fin de fructificación; evaluar su efecto sobre el crecimiento del patógeno Fusarium graminearum. Se trituraron plantas de B. juncea y se colocaron en recipientes de plástico en dosis de 5 y 10 g. Sobre el material triturado se apoyó una caja de Petri con agar papa glucosado al 2%, que contenía un disco con micelio de F. graminearum o Trichoderma spp. o ambos hongos. Los recipientes de plástico se cerraron e incubaron a 25±2°C en oscuridad durante 7 días. Finalizado este período, se midió el diámetro de las colonias. Se obtuvieron los siguientes resultados: i) cuando se biofumigaron por separado, no se observó efecto fungistático de B. juncea sobre Trichoderma spp. ni sobre F. graminearum; ii) en ausencia del biofumigante, Trichoderma spp. inhibió significativamente el crecimiento de las colonias de F. graminearum, iii) la combinación de Trichoderma spp. y la biofumigación con B. juncea mostró un efecto sinérgico sobre el control del crecimiento miceliar de F. graminearum. Los resultados in vitro sugieren que el crecimiento de Trichoderma spp. y su potencial efecto de biocontrol sobre F. graminearum, no son afectados por la biofumigación con B. juncea. La utilización combinada de Trichoderma spp. y la biofumigación con B. juncea, tendría un efecto sinérgico sobre el control del crecimiento de F. graminearum.The aims of this work were: to determine feasibility of the combination of two biological control methods: application of antagonistic fungus Trichoderma spp. and biofumigation with the aerial part of Brassica juncea in the end of fruiting stage; to evaluate their effect on the growth of the pathogen Fusarium graminearum. Two doses (5 and 10 g) of triturated plant material from B. juncea were placed in plastic recipients. Petri dishes with potato glucose agar medium 2% and a disc inoculated with F. graminearum, or Trichoderma spp. or both fungi, were placed on top of the plant material. Plastic recipients were then closed and incubated at 25±2°C in darkness for 7 days. After that, the diameter of the colonies was measured. The results indicated that: i) when Trichoderma spp. and F. graminearum were biofumigated separately, fungistatic effect was not observed, ii) without biofumigant, Trichoderma spp. significantly inhibited growth of F. graminearum colonies, iii) the combination of Trichoderma spp. and the biofumigation with B. juncea showed synergic effect on growth control of F. graminearum. These in vitro results suggest that the growth of Trichoderma spp. and its potential biocontrol effect of F. graminearum, are not affected by biofumigation with B. juncea. Also, the combination of Trichoderma spp. and biofumigation with B. juncea, would have synergic effect on growth control of F. graminearum.Fil: Perniola, Omar Salvador. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y ForestalesFil: Staltari, Sebastián. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y ForestalesFil: Chorzempa, Silvia Elena. Universidad Nacional de Lomas de Zamora. Facultad de Ciencias AgrariasFil: Astiz Gassó, Marta Mónica. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y ForestalesFil: Molina, María del Carmen. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Karakterisasi Genetik Trichoderma Spp Indigenus Rizosfir Pisang Yang Berpotensi Pengendalian Fusarium Oxysporum F. SP. Cubense Penyebab Penyakit Layu Fusarium Pada Pisang

The objective of the research was to characterize the genetic variation of Trichoderma spp. Study of genetic characters used Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA-Polymerase Chain-reaction (RAPD-PCR) that amplicated with four primers (OPA 2, OPA 17, OPB- 05 and Primer 2). Analysis result of genetic variation of Trichoderma spp make as dendrogram. The result of the research indicated that : 1) Trichoderma spp. had the great genetic variation, 2)Trichoderma isolate from the same region did not always have the same genetic profile, 3) S6 and T1 isolates were effective to inhibit the growth of Fusarium oxysporum f. Sp. cubense than the others but had a different genetic profile