2 research outputs found
Energy Efficient Key Management Scheme for Wireless Sensor Networks
A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is composed of a large number of sensor nodes deployed over a geographical area. Each node is a low-power device that integrates computing, wireless communication, and sensing abilities. Many applications that make use of sensor networks require secure communication. Designing an efficient key establishment scheme is of great importance to the data security in Wireless Sensor Networks. The traditional cryptographic techniques are impractical in Wireless Sensor Networks because of associated high energy and computational overheads.This algorithm supports the establishment of three types of keys for each sensor node, an individual key shared with the base station, a pair wise key shared with neighbor sensor node, and a group key that is shared by all the nodes in the network. The algorithm used for establishing and updating these keys are energy efficient and minimizes the involvement of the base station. Polynomial function is used in the study to calculate the keys during initialization, membership change and key compromise. Periodically the key will be updated. To overcome the problem of energy insufficiency and memory storage and to provide adequate security, the energy efficient scheme is proposed. It works well in undefined deployment environment. Unauthorized nodes should not be allowed to establish communication with network nodes. This scheme when compared with other existing schemes has a very low overhead in computation, communication and storage
Location dependent key management schemes supported by random selected cell reporters in wireless sensor networks
PhD ThesisIn order to secure vital and critical information inside Wireless Sensor Net-
works (WSNs), a security requirement of data con dentiality, authenticity
and availability should be guaranteed. The leading key management schemes
are those that employ location information to generate security credentials.
Therefore, this thesis proposes three novel location-dependent key manage-
ment schemes.
First, a novel Location-Dependent Key Management Protocol for a Single
Base Station (LKMP-SBS) is presented. As a location-dependent scheme, the
WSN zone is divided virtually into cells. Then, any event report generated
by each particular cell is signed by a new type of endorsement called a cell-
reporter signature, where cell-reporters are de ned as a set of nodes selected
randomly by the BS out of the nodes located within the particular cell. This
system is analysed and proved to outperform other schemes in terms of data
security requirements. Regarding the data con dentiality, for three values of
z (1,2,3) the improvement is 95%, 90% and 85% respectively when 1000 nodes
are compromised. Furthermore, in terms of data authenticity an enhancement
of 49%, 24%, 12.5% is gained using our approach with z = 1; 2; 3 respectively
when half of all nodes are compromised. Finally, the optimum number of cell
reporters is extensively investigated related to the security requirements, it is
proven to be z =
n
2
.
The second contribution is the design of a novel Location-Dependent Key Man-
agement Protocol for Multiple Base Stations (LKMP-MBS). In this scheme,
di erent strategies of handling the WSN by multiple BSs is investigated. Ac-
cordingly, the optimality of the scheme is analysed in terms of the number of
cell reporters. Both data con dentiality and authenticity have been proven to
be / e / 1
N . The optimum number of cell reporters had been calculated as
zopt = n
2M ,
PM
`=1 jz(`)
optj =
n
2M
. Moreover, the security robustness of this scheme
is analysed and proved to outperform relevant schemes in terms of data con-
dentiality and authenticity. Furthermore, in comparison with LKMP-SBS,
the adoption of multiple base stations is shown to be signi cantly important
in improving the overall system security.
The third contribution is the design of the novel Mobility- Enabled, Location-
dependant Key Managment Protocol for Multiple BSs (MELKMP-MBS). This
scheme presents a key management scheme, which is capable of serving a WSN
with mobile nodes. Several types of handover are presented in order to main-
tain the mobile node service availability during its movement between two
zones in the network. Accordingly, the communication overhead of MELKMP-
MBS is analysed, simulated and compared with the overhead of other schemes.
Results show a signi cant improvement over other schemes in terms of han-
dover e ciency and communication over head. Furthermore, the optimality
of WSN design such as the value of N; n is investigated in terms of communi-
cation overhead in all protocols and it is shown that the optimum number of
nodes in each cell, which cause the minimum communication overhead in the
network , is n = 3
p
2N.Ministry of Higher Education
and Scienti c Research in Iraq and the Iraqi Cultural Attach e in Londo