Industry Organization and Output Size Distribution of Cotton Gins in the U.S.

Selected Paper prepared for presentation at the Southern Agricultural Economics Association Annual Meeting, Orlando, FL, February 6-9, 2010Cotton, cotton gins, transitional probabilities, Markov, minimum efficient scale, Crop Production/Industries, Industrial Organization,

Colombian economic growth under Markov switching regimes with endogenous transition probabilities

In this paper, we modelled the Colombian long run per capita economic growth (1925-2005) using a Markov switching regime model with both fixed (FTP) and time-varying transition probabilities (TVTP) to explain regime changes in the economic growth. We found evidence of non-linearity in the per capita economic growth, and two different levels in the data associated with depression and sustainable growth regimes were identified. In addition, the hypothesis of fixed probabilities is rejected in favour of the time-varying transitional probabilities, meaning that the correct model is the one with endogenous probabilities, when the probability of remaining in the sustainable growth regime increases with a rise in terms of trade, government expenditures and decreases with capital outflows. On the other hand, increases in government expenditures and terms of trade decrease the probability of being in the depression state while an increase in capital outflows raises such probability. Finally, we found that TVTP model gives more information than FTP model because the probabilities have changed significantly during the period under analysis and the explanatory variables are very informative in dating the evolution of the state of the economy, especially those associated with external shocks.Markov endogenous switching regime model, Time-varying transition probabilities, economic growth, Colombia. Classification JEL: O40; C22; E32; N16.

Cross-over between different symmetries

The yrast states of even even vibrational and transitional nuclei are interpreted as a rotating condensate of interacting d-bosons. The corresponding semi-classical tidal wave concept is used for microscopic calculations of energies and E2 transition probabilities. The strong octupole correlations in the light rare earth and actinide nuclides are interpreted as rotation-induced condensation of interacting f-bosons.Comment: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Fission and Properties of Neutron-Rich Nuclei, Sanibel Island, November 4-10, 2012. World Science Conference Serie

Transitional probabilities are prioritized over stimulus/pattern probabilities in auditory deviance detection: Memory basis for predictive sound processing

Representations encoding the probabilities of auditory events do not directly support predictive processing. In contrast, information about the probability with which a given sound follows another (transitional probability) allows predictions of upcoming sounds. We tested whether behavioral and cortical auditory deviance detection (the latter indexed by the mismatch negativity event-related potential) relies on probabilities of sound patterns or on transitional probabilities. We presented healthy adult volunteers with three types of rare tone-triplets among frequent standard triplets of High-Low-High (HLH) or LHL pitch structure: proximity deviant (HHH/LLL), reversal deviant (LHL/HLH), and first-tone deviant (LLH/HHL). If deviance detection was based on pattern probability, reversal and first-tone deviants should be detected with similar latency because both differ from the standard at the first pattern position. If deviance detection was based on transitional probabilities, then reversal deviants should be the most difficult to detect, because, unlike the other two deviants, they contain no low-probability pitch transitions. The data clearly showed that both behavioral and cortical auditory deviance detection utilizes transitional probabilities. Thus the memory traces underlying cortical deviance detection may provide a link between stimulus-probability based change/novelty detectors operating at lower levels of the auditory system and higher auditory cognitive functions that involve predictive processing

Industry Organization and Output Size Distribution of Cotton Gins in the U.S.

With cotton output declining by 46 percent from 2005-2008 (from 23.89 M bales in 2005 to 12.8 M bales in 2008), gins are processing less cotton. This paper examines how output size distribution of cotton gins in the U.S. has evolved and the extent to which the developments in the U.S. ethanol industry, specifically the passage of the Energy Policy Act in 2005 (and its subsequent revisions), have influenced this structural process. Markov transitional probability matrices (TPMs) are estimated for two periods: 1994-2004 and 2005-2008 to determine changes in output size distribution of gins. TPMs indicate that relative to the pre-2005 period, gins had a greater propensity to process lower outputs after 2005. It is purported that in industries constrained by declining demand, bigger firms with excess capacity operate at higher costs than smaller firms that operate closer to their minimum efficient scale.cotton, cotton gins, transitional probabilities, Markov, minimum efficient scale, Agricultural and Food Policy, Crop Production/Industries, Industrial Organization, Q10, Q12, L11,

Energy spectra and quadrupole transition probabilities of 124-130Ba

In this paper, we have studied the energy spectra and B(E2) transition probabilities of 124-130Ba isotopes in the shape phase transition region between the spherical and gamma unstable deformed shapes. We have used a transitional Interacting Boson Model Hamiltonian which is based on affine SU(1,1) Lie Algebra in the both IBM-1 and 2 versions and also the Catastrophe theory in combination with a coherent state formalism to generate energy surfaces and determine the exact values of control parameters. Our results for control parameters suggest a combination of U(5) and SO(6) dynamical symmetries in this isotopic chain. Also, the theoretical predictions can be rather well reproduce the experimental counterparts when the control parameter is approached to the SO(6) limit.Comment: 22 pages, 3 figures, 5tables. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1509.02282; text overlap with arXiv:1507.06933 by other authors without attributio

Returns to Mobility in the Transition to a Market Economy

In spite of ongoing dramatic changes in labor market structure, transitional economies display rather low worker flows across sectors and occupations. Such low mobility can be explained by low returns to job changes as well as by market segmentation in the allocation of job offers. We develop an econometric model which enables us to characterize intertemporal changes in probabilities of dismissal, remuneration, and offer arrival rates on the basis of information on observed transitions and wage payments. The model is estimated using data from the Polish Labor Force Survey. Our results indicate a significant degree of segmentation in the allocation of job offers and more stability in public sector versus private sector jobs. Our model can also be used for policy experiments. In particular, we infer that reductions of 10 per cent in the generosity of unemployment benefits will not significantly boost outflows from the unemployment state. These findings support explanations for low mobility in transitional economies, which are based on informational failures, and high costs of moving from public to private enterprises for those with high levels of job tenure and labor market experience in the public sector.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/39604/2/wp217.pd